Meeting of ASCM Conference

1. 11th International
Conference of Asian
Society of Conservation
Medicine
One Health in Asia Pacific
with
Wildlife Disease Association Australasia (WDAA) and Udayana
University
Inna Grand Bali Beach Hotel, Sanur,
Bali, Indonesia
October 28-30, 2018

2. Proceeding of the 11th
International Conference of the
Asian Society of Conservation Medicine (ASCM)
Udayana University Press,
Denpasar Bali, Indonesia
2018

3. Content
Page
Forewords 3-4
Program table 5-6
Oral presentation list 7-10
Poster presentation list 10-11
Abstracts:
Keynote lecture 12-14
Plenary session 15-22
Marine mammal 23-30
Avian 31-37
Infectious disease 38-41
Basic science 42-44
Asian bear 45-47
Wildlife management and conservation 48-51
Primate 52-56
Elephant 57-59
Reptiles and amphibians 60-61
Parasitology 62-64
Clinical medicine 65-67
Pathology 68-70
Poster session 71-115
Post-congress workshop program 116-117
Banquet dinner program 118
Organizing committee 119

4. 3
Local organizing committee
On behalf of the local organizing committee, it’s my pleasure to welcome you to the
joint meeting and conference of the Asian Society of Conservation Medicine (ASCM)
and the Wildlife Disease Association Australasia (WDAA) and welcome to Bali,
Indonesia.
The conference provides the platform for creating awareness on the importance of conservation medicine, discussion on
many issues such as emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases globally, as well as zoo and wildlife medicine and
management.
I realized that the success of the event depends on the many people who have worked with us in planning and organizing
both the technical program and supporting social arrangements. With this opportunity, I would like to express my greatest
appreciation to Prof. Tokuma Yanai, the Senior Board of ASCM, Prof. Andrew Peters, the president of WDAA, Prof. Dr.
AA Raka Sudewi, the Rector of Udayana University and Dr. Kerta Besung, the Dean of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Udayana University for their support and participation. Lastly, on behalf of the local organizing committee, I would also
like to express my gratitude to all that have worked hard for the details of important aspects of the conference programs.
Finally, I hope that all of you will enjoy the conference and have a memorable time visiting the Bali Island.
Thank you.
Sincerely,
AA Ayu Mirah Adi
Chairman
Local Organizing Committee
Professor, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Udayana University

5. 4
A Challenge for Establishing Asian and Worldwide Networks for Wildlife Conservation
I am very pleased to have the Annual Meeting of ASCM in Indonesia again. I still remember the previous successful
meeting in Bogor, Indonesia hosted by Bogor Agricultural University in 2008. After that meeting, during the past decade
we had shared various experience of wildlife conservation in Asia through annual meetings in various Asian countries
such as Thailand, Taiwan, Nepal, Myanmar, and others with the goal of “One Health in Asia Pacific” to establish Asian
network for conservation medicine including wildlife diseases surveillance and wildlife management. In addition, this
time we have a special Joint Annual Meeting with Wildlife Disease Association Australasia (WDAA) for more
collaboration with the Wildlife Disease Association (WDA).
One of our goals is to promote wildlife disease surveillance including zoonoses like rabies, tuberculosis or avian flu.
Currently, from 2013, we founded the mycobacterium surveillance group with experts on pathology, microbiology or
molecular diagnosis. As for our diploma system, the Asian College of Conservation Medicine (ACCM), established in
2012, we currently have around 30 diploma members and formed an organization to sustain ASCM.
To collaborate with the worldwide network like WDA, during the Singapore meeting in 2013, ASCM started to discuss
on connection with WDA for broader wildlife disease surveillance network. From 2014, ASCM sends the representative
to WDA Council Meeting every year to discuss the establishment of WDA-Asia Pacific section (WDA-AP). We will
have a final discussion for the establishment of WDA-AP at Bali Joint Meeting of ASCM/WDA-Australasia. WDA-AP
will be cooperative with ASCM and manage
WDA/ASCM Session for wildlife disease surveillance,
as well as some workshops for wildlife conservation
such as Asian Wildcat Conservation Workshop. ASCM
and WDA-AP should be in tight collaborative
relationship for conservation medicine development.
It might be about to enter the new era for conservation
medicine in Asia and Pacific area. In order to respond
to new circumstances, such as I mentioned above, we
will revamp the current ASCM board including the
Senior Board. I will leave ASCM board from next term.
Many thanks to the tremendous support from everyone
until now.
In closing, we would like to express our sincere
appreciation to colleagues from the Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University for their
dedication and hard work in putting together this event. Also, I wish you and your family’s health and prosperity as well
as your success in your field.
With best wishes,
Tokuma Yanai
Senior Board
Asian Society of Conservation Medicine

6. 5
ASCM2018 - Program at a glance
27th October
(Saturday)
1730-
Icebreaker
Venue: Raja Pala Bar
28th October
(Sunday)
ASCM 11th International Conference
Venue: Inna Grand Bali Beach Hotel:
Agung room
0800-0900 Registration
0900-0930 Opening Ceremony
0930-1000 Keynote 1:
Disease risk analysis for conservation locations
Tony Sainsbury
(Zoological Society of London)
Chair: Junpei Kimura
1000-1030 Tea Break
1030 - 1115 Plenary Session 1:
• Community based emerging and re-emerging disease surveillance in temporary displacement sites at the urban-
wildlife interface in Kathmandu, Nepal
Dibesh Karmacharya
(Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal)
• High occurrence of zoonotic genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in wildlife in South Korea
Said Amer
(Kafr El Sheikh University, Egypt)
• Retrospective study on the introduction of avian influenza virus by shorebirds in Hokkaido, Japan
Manabu Onuma
(National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan)
Chair: Jae-Ik Han
1115-1200 Plenary Session 2:
• Wildlife in Bhutan
Vijay Raika Monger
(National Centre for Animal Health, Serbithang)
• Wildlife conservation in Vietnam and Indo-China peninsula
Truong Son Nguyen
(Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources)
• Australia’s national wildlife health system
Keren Cox-Witton
(Wildlife Health Australia)
Chair: Lee Foo Khong
1200-1300 Lunch Break
Poster Session (odd number)
Venue Agung room Baris room
1300-1500
(Parallel session)
Marine Mammal
Chair: Yuko Tajima, Tadasu K Yamada
Avian
Chair: Manabu Onuma, Alessandro Grioni
1500-1600 Tea Break
Poster Session (odd number)
1600-1700
(Parallel session)
Infectious Disease
Chair: Takayuki Wada
Basic Science
Chair: Ki-Jeong Na
1700-1730 ASCM-JSZWM: Zoo and Aquarium Vets Networking Session
Venue: Agung room
1900-2200 ASCM Banquet Dinner
Venue: Baruna Sea Restaurant
29th
October
(Monday)
ASCM 11th
International Conference
Venue: Inna Grand Bali Beach Hotel:
Agung room

7. 6
0800-0900 Registration
0900-0930 Keynote 2:
Breeding programs in two different endangered species Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) and Banteng
(Bos javanicus) as the approach of conservation
Muhammad Agil
(Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia)
Chair: Worawidh Wajjwalku
0930-1000 Plenary Session 3:
• The ovarian tissue cryopreservation: A potential resource of female fertility preservation in wild animals
Mayako Fujihara
(Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University)
• Notes on techniques for collection and processing of semen from eight species of Elasmobranchs
Paolo Martelli
(Ocean Park, Hong Kong)
Chair: Kadek Karang Agustina
1000-1030 Tea Break
1030-1100 Keynote 3:
When dental treatments don’t turn out as planned
Cedric Tutt
(European Veterinary Specialist in Dentistry)
Chair: Serena Oh
Venue Agung room Baris room
1100-1200
(Parallel session)
Asian Bear
Chair: Toshio
Tsubota
Wildlife management and Conservation
Chair: Ali Anwar
Ahmad
1200-1300 Lunch Break
Poster Session (even number)
1300-1415
(Parallel session)
Primate
Chair: Iori Itagaki
Elephant & Reptiles and Amphibians
Chair: Joe JC Guo
1415-1500
(Parallel session)
Parasitology
Chair: Mitsuhiko Asakawa
Clinical Medicine
Chair: Lesa
Thompson
1500-1600 Tea Break
Poster Session (even number)
1600-1645 Pathology
(Agung room)
Chair: Wen-Ta Li
1645- Closing Ceremony
Venue: Agung room
30th October
(Tuesday)
ASCM Post-congress Workshops
Icebreaker for WDAA meeting*
31st October
(Wednesday)
WDAA Presentations Day 1*
1st
November
(Thursday)
WDAA Presentations Day 2*
2nd-5th November
(Friday-Monday)
Post-congress Tour*
*For WDAA meeting, please refer to WDAA2018 program

8. 7
The 11th
Asian Society of Conservation Medicine (ASCM) International Conference
28th
October 2018
Opening Ceremony
0900-0930
Venue: Agung room
Rector (Udayana University)
Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi (Local Chair, Udayana University)
Tokuma Yanai (Senior Board, ASCM)
WDAA representative
Marine Mammal
(Parallel session)
1300-1500
VENUE: AGUNG ROOM
1300-1315 South Australian marine mammal stranding records and researches
Ikuko Tomo (South Australian Museum, Australia)
1315-1330 New host and geographical record of microorganisms from stranded cetaceans from Taiwan coasts
Wei Cheng Yang (National Taiwan University, Taiwan)
1330-1345 3D morphological reconstruction with photogrammetry on stranded whales
Kent Mori (National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan)
1345-1400 Practical oral and dental health management, with notes on the anatomy and development of teeth, in the
Bottlenose dolphin (T. aduncus)
Paolo Martelli (Ocean Park Hong Kong)
1400-1415 Diet study of mass-stranded small toothed whale around Japan: Case study of Striped dolphin (Stenella
coeruleoalba) and Melon-headed whale (Peponocephala electra)
Ayaka Matsuda (Hokkaido University, Japan)
1415-1430 Helminthic fauna of Finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaorientalis) in Korea
Sunmin Kim (Seoul National University, Korea)
1430-1445 Immunotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the leukocytes of Common bottlenose dolphins
(Tursiops truncatus)
Wen-Ta Li (National Taiwan University, Taiwan)
1445-1500 Seroepidemiology of Brucella infection in marine mammals inhabiting Russian waters
Kazue Ohishi (Tokyo Polytechnic University, Japan)
Avian
(Parallel session)
1300-1500
VENUE: BARIS ROOM
1300-1315 Common medical procedures in rescued birds
Alessandro Grioni (Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Hong Kong)
1315-1330 Grey-crowned crane captive breeding experience in Langkawi Wildlife Park
Solehuddin Mohd Zainol (Langkawi Wildlife Park, Malaysia)
1330-1345 Phenotypic characteristics to differentiate between the male red jungle fowl, decoy chicken and village chicken
Syahar Amir A.Gani (Langkawi Wildlife Park, Malaysia)
1345-1400 Integrating DNA barcoding and restriction enzyme techniques for species identification of free-ranging
waterfowls
Liao Ci-Hui (National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan)
1400-1415 A review of chemical residues and consequences of Cambodian vulture population declines: A primary risk
analysis of chemical hazard
Vutey Venn (Royal University of Cambodia)
1415-1430 Avian poxvirus infection in two captured cormorants (Phalacrocorax capillatus)
Tokuma Yanai (Gifu University, Japan)
1430-1445 Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of avian haemosproridia in wild birds in the Republic of Korea
Haerin Rhim (Chonbuk National University, Korea)

9. 8
Infectious Disease
(Parallel session)
1600-1700
VENUE: AGUNG ROOM
1600-1615 The phylogenetic relationship of carnivore protoparvovirus 1 isolated from domestic dog, cats and leopard cats
(Prionailurus bengalensis) in Miaoli, central Taiwan
Yun-Shan Tu (National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan)
1615-1630 Comparison of the prevalence of carnivore protoparvovirus 1 in live-captured and road-killed wild carnivore in
Taiwan
Ai-Mei Chang (National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan)
1630-1645 Molecular detection of Babesia spp. from confiscated Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) in Thailand
Manakorn Sukmak (Kasetsart University, Thailand)
1645-1700 Leprosy in red squirrels in the British Isles
Anna Meredith (University of Melbourne, Australia)
Basic Science
(Parallel session)
1600-1645
VENUE: BARIS ROOM
1600-1615 External characters of fruit bats and their ectoparasites in Tanjung Ringgit bat cave on Lombok Island
Kholik (Nusa Tenggara Barat University, Indonesia)
1615-1630 Metagenomic analysis of fecal microbiome in captive giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis), Korea
Ho-Seong Cho (Chonbuk National University, Korea)
1630-1645 Analysis of gut microbiome of wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Korea
Yeonsu Oh (Kangwon National University, Korea)
ASCM-JSZWM: Zoo and Aquarium Vets Networking Session
1700-1730
VENUE: AGUNG ROOM
29th
October 2018
Registration
0800-0900
Asian Bear
(Parallel session)
1100-1200
VENUE: AGUNG ROOM
1100-1130 Infectious disease risks in a captive population of sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) in Cambodia
Kirsty Officer (Free the Bears, Cambodia)
1130-1145 Monitoring of follicular dynamics using ultrasonography and ovulation induction by GnRH in captive Brown
bear (Ursus arctos)
Yoshiko Torii (Hokkaido University, Japan)
1145-1200 Medical and surgical management of anterior lens luxation and glaucoma in two geriatrics Giant pandas
(Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in Ocean Park, Hong Kong
Lee Foo Khong (Ocean Park, Hong Kong)
Wildlife Management and Conservation
(Parallel session)
1100-1200
VENUE: BARIS ROOM
1100-1115 Tiger conservation: What can veterinarians do?
Sanath Krishna Muliya (Wildlife Institute India)
1115-1130 First serological survey of selected viruses in eleven free-roaming Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Nepal
Deborah McCauley (Veterinary Initiative for Endangered Wildlife, United States)

10. 9
1130-1145 Religion related wild boar population increase, considered as a threat for endangered species in Iran
Iman Memarian (Tehran Zoological Garden, Pardisan Wildlife Rehabilitation Center, Iran)
1145-1200 Post flooding rhino rescue: A transboundary success
Amir Sadaula (National Trust for Nature Conservation, Nepal)
Primate
(Parallel session)
1300-1415
VENUE: AGUNG ROOM
1300-1315 Detection of Simian foamy virus from Working pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) using cell cultures
and polymerase chain reaction
Siew Shean Choong (Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia)
1315-1330 African but not Asian nonhuman primates are infected with the yaws bacterium
Sascha Knauf (German Primate Center, Germany)
1330-1345 Case series of melioidosis in a population of captive Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) at the Borneo
Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF) Samboja Lestari, East Kalimantan, 2016-2017
Dessy Chrisnawaty (Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation, Samboja Lestari, Indonesia)
1345-1400 The effect of endodontic treatment in survival rates of reintroduced Javan slow lorises (Nycticebus javanicus) in
Indonesia
Nur Purba Priambada (IAR, Indonesia)
1400-1415 Case report : Slow Loris shot by the air rifle in IAR Indonesia (2015-2018)
Wendi Prameswari (IAR, Indonesia)
Elephant & Reptiles and Amphibians
(Parallel session)
1300-1415
VENUE: BARIS ROOM
1300-1315 Mycobacterium caprae infection in a captive Borneo elephant (Elephas maximus borneensis)
Takayuki Wada (Institute of Tropical Medicine, Japan)
1315-1330 The relationship between body weight, season, cooling rate and supplementation of Orvus Es Paste (OEP) on
the quality of frozen-thawed spermatozoa in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus)
Nikorn Thongtip (Kasetsart University, Thailand)
1330-1345 Human-elephant conflict mitigation in Rajaji Tiger Reserve: Capture, radio collaring, translocation and release
Aditi Sharma (Rajaji Tiger Reserve, India)
1345-1400 Captive management of Pig-nose turtles (Carettochelys insculpta): Two conservation case reports
Adrienne Lavinia (Ballarat Wildlife Park, Australia)
1400-1415 Reproductive profiling in the critically endangered painted terrapin (Batagur borneoensis)
Vishwanee Kolandaiveloo (Petcare Veterinary Clinic, Malaysia)
Parasitology
(Parallel session)
1415-1500
VENUE: AGUNG ROOM
1415-1430 Parasitic helminths of wildlife in Mongolia
Sumiya Ganzorig (Project for Strengthening the Capacity for Human Resorce Development in the Field of
Veterinary and Animal Husbandry (VEP), Mongolia)
1430-1445 Effect of population density of host raccoon (Procyon lotor) on species diversity of on-host ticks
Kandai Doi (Nippon Veterinary Life Science University, Japan)
1445-1500 The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of Macaca fascicularis in Bali
Kadek Karang Agustina (Udayana University, Indonesia)
Clinical Medicine
(Parallel session)
1415-1500
VENUE: BARIS ROOM
1415-1430 Using filgrastim in the diagnosed feline panleukopenia (FPV) cases might increase the survival rate
Thilini Kumarasinghe (Rover Veterinary Hospital, Sri Lanka)
1430-1445 Successful usage of Butorphanol-Azaperone-Medetomidine-Ketamine combination for transfer of two Plain
zebras (Equus quagga)

11. 10
Ali Anwar Ahmad (Wildlife Reserves Singapore)
1445-1500 Management of hindlimb splaying and failure of passive transfer in a neonatal giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)
Jelena Vukcevic (National Zoo and Aquarium, Canberra, Australia)
Pathology
1600-1630
VENUE: AGUNG ROOM
1600-1615 Macroscopic and histological reproductive tract pathology in elderly female babirusa (Babyrousa celebensis)
Lesa Thompson (Hokkaido University, Japan)
1615-1630 Wildlife post-mortem examination: What can we learn from Singapore otters
Chia-Da Hsu (Wildlife Reserves Singapore)
1630-1645 Diseases examination report of wild-caught sea turtle in Indonesia
Windia Adnyana (Udayana University, Indonesia)
Closing Ceremony
VENUE: AGUNG ROOM
Poster Session
P1 Serological and molecular detection of Newcastle disease virus from captive raptors in a wildlife rescue center in the Philippines
Maria Sofiea Ty (Biodiversity Management Bureau, Philippines)
P2 Molecular characterization of avian polyomavirus from the parrots in South Korea
Sungryong Kim (Chungbuk National University, Korea)
P3 Wild birds disease surveillance in Jeju Island: Focus in anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis
Jin-Joo Kim (Jeju National University, Korea)
P4 Chemical immobilization of wild-caught Common buzzard (Buteo buteo) with two anesthetic protocols: Medetomidine-ketamine
and medetomidine-ketamine-butorphanol
Mohammadmehdi Amirahmadi (Veterinary Faculty of Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch, Iran )
P5 Co-infection of fluke and Salmonella typhimurium in a Great egret
Ki-Jeong Na (Chungbuk National University)
P6 Antibiotic resistance patterns of enterobacteriaceae in wild birds in Jeju Island
Young-Hae Jang (Jeju Wildlife Rescue Center, Jeju National University, Korea)
P7 Seasonal changes of the body weight and nutritional status of the Red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) in Hokkaido, Japan
Tomoo Yoshino (Kushiro Zoo, Japan)
P8 Current update on wildlife cell culture 2018
Worawidh Wajjwalku (Kasetsart University, Thailand)
P9 Preparation of metaphase chromosomes protocol from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and whole blood of Siamese
crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) for karyotyping analysis
Manakorn Sukmak (Kasetsart University, Thailand)
P10 Movement patterns of a translocated Malayan tapir in Senaling Inas Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan
Donny Yawah (Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia)
P11 Usage of inhalation anesthesia for wild rodents in a field setting
Zahidah Izzati Zeid (EcoHealth Alliance, Malaysia)
P12 The first report of megaesophagus in a Syrian brown bear (Ursus arctos syriacus)
Hesamodin Kordestani (Shiraz School of Veterinary, Iran)
P13 Chronic renal failure management in Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis)
Eun Jung (Samsung Industry Everland Zoological Garden, Korea)
P14 Kidney failure and multisystemic complications in Komodo (Varanus komodoensis)
Ketut Berata (Udayana University, Indonesia)
P15 Hemolytic Escheria coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in captive pythons (Python reticulatus):
Case reports in Thailand
Pattra Moonjit (Kasetsart University, Thailand)
P16 The impact of forest school on diarrhea case present age in infant orangutans at Sumatera Orangutan Quarantine Center, Medan-
North Sumatra
Meuthya Sr (Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme, Indonesia)
P17 Eisenmenger syndrome in newborn cynomolgus monkey
Chungyu Pai (Nihon University, Japan)
P18 Unexpected hyperthermia after general anesthesia in a mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx)
Soonghee Youn (Samsung Industry Everland Zoological Garden, Korea)
P19 Nephroblastoma in a Common marmoset

12. 11
Yuko Katakai (The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, Japan)
P20 Pathophysiological analysis of cardiomyopathy with type 2 diabetes mellitus in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)
Shunya Nakayama (Nihon University, Japan)
P21 The evaluation of pulmonary anthracosis in wildlife, zoo and companion animals of Chonbuk Province, South Korea
Bumseok Kim (Chonbuk National University, Korea)
P22 Lymphoid leukemia in small-clawed otter
Ki Yong Shin (Samsung Industry Everland Zoological Garden, Korea)
P23 Morphology and morphometry of Kintamani dog kidney
Luh Gde Sri Surya Heryani (Udayana University, Indonesia)
P24 Physical examination of the goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) in the Yanggu Korean Goral Restoration Center
Woo-Jin Shin (Kangwon National University, Korea)
P25 Normal hematological and biochemical data of Roe deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus) in Jeju Island
Min-Kun Kim (Jeju Wildlife Rescue Center, Jeju National University, Korea)
P26 Normal hematologic and serum biochemical reference ranges for rescued raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides)
Sangjin Ahn (Kangwon National University, Korea)
P27 Characteristic of blood chemistry and intestinal microbe diversity in Common carp (Cyprimus carpio)
Yongil Cho (Sunchon National University, Korea)
P28 Habituation process for assessing ovarian cycle using ultrasonography (USG) to establish artificial insemination program in
Banteng (Bos javanicus)
Dedi R Setiadi (Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia)
P29 Conservation of banteng (Bos javanicus) through comprehensive approach: phylogenetic, paternity, fertility genetic markers
analysis and application of assisted reproductive technology
Vincentia Trisna Yoelinda (Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia)
P30 A study on survey of residents for conservation of endangered leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) in Tsushima and Iriomote in
Japan
Taeko Yanai (Gifu Thank Association, Japan)
P31 Bushmeat species identification: recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with lateral flow (LF) strip for
identification of Formosan serow (Naemorhedus swinhoei)
Wei Cheng Yang (National Taiwan University, Taiwan)
P32 Antimicrobial resistances of bacteria isolated from wounds in rescued wild animals
Jiwon Son (Chonbuk National University, Korea)
P33 Development of high-throughput platform panel to identify infectious diseases of wildlife in Republic of Korea
Jieun Bae (Chonbuk National University, Korea)
P34 Prevalence and genetic characteristics of coronavirus from Korean bats
Jae-Ku Oem (Chonbuk National University, Korea)
P35 Molecular evidence for Babesia canis circulation in captive Asian-African lion hybrids from India
Sanath Krishna Muliya (Wildlife Institute of India)
P36 Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV2) infection and E.coli phylogrouping from scat samples of Asiatic wild dog/dhole (Cuon alpinus)
Tushna Karkaria (Wildlife Institute of India)
P37 First identification and genetic characteristics of canine parvovirus 2(CPV-2) from wild raccoon dogs in Korea
Youngsik Kim (Chonbuk National University, Korea)
P38 Genotypic change of Porcine circovirus type 2 in Korean wild boars
Dongseob Tark (Chonbuk National University (Korea Zoonosis Research Institute), Korea)
P39 Streptococcus suis in pigs in Bali
Kadek Karang Agustina (Udayana University, Indonesia)
P40 Multilocus genotyping of Giardia parasites from animals at Cheongju Zoo, South Korea
Said Amer (Kafr El Sheikh University, Egypt)
P41 Helminths infestation of Myanmar timber elephants based on laboratory examination
Tin Tin Myaing (Myanmar Veterinary Association)
P42 Preliminary report on helminthological investigation of small mammals collected from Qinghai Province, China, with special
reference to the nematodes of Tibetian pikas (Ochotona curzoniae)
Mitsuhiko Asakawa (Rakuno Gakuen University, Japan)
P43 Effect of praziquantel treatment on Clinostomum complanatum infected Grey heron (Ardea cinerea)
Seongjun Choe (Chungbuk National University, Korea)
P44 Clinical efficacy of orally administered fluralaner for treatment of scabies in six free-ranging raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes
procyonoides)
Hyunkyu Jang (Seoul Wildlife Center, Korea)
P45 Thelazia callipaeda infection in Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) and Raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Korea
Seongjun Choe (Chungbuk National University, Korea)

13. 12
Keynote lecture
Disease risk analysis for conservation translocations
Sainsbury AW1*
, Beckmann K1
, Jaffe J1
, Carraro C1
, Masters N1
, Vaughan-Higgins RJ7
, Edgar P2
, Foster J3
, Curson
J2
, Carter I6
, Saunders R2
, White I4
, Kelley C5
, Walsh K2
, Morris K2
, Ewen J1
1
Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY; 2
Specialist Services and
Programmes, Natural England, 4th
Floor, Foss House, Kings Pool, 1-2 Peasholme Green, York, YO1 7PX, UK; 3
Amphibian
and Reptile Conservation, 655A Christchurch Road, Boscombe, Bournemouth, Dorset BH1 4AP; 4
People’s Trust for
Endangered Species, Cloisters House, Battersea, London; 5
Pensthorpe Conservation Trust, Nr Fakenham, Norfolk;
6
Blagrove Farm, East Worlington, Crediton, Devon, EX17 4SU; 7
Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
Using the theoretical principles of qualitative risk analysis developed over the last fifty years and the World
Organization for Animal Health’s transposition of these methods to disease risk analysis (DRA) for domestic
animal movements, we have developed a disease risk analysis method for conservation translocations of wild
animals. We have tested this evolving method on 22 conservation translocations across invertebrate, amphibian,
reptilian, avian and mammalian taxa, primarily in England but also internationally, communicated the results to
government and non-government agencies, and assisted translocation steering committees in making risk-based
decisions on translocations. We have worked with the same agencies to enact post-release health surveillance to
drive continuing DRA method enhancement. Infectious and non-infectious (for example toxic, stressor) hazards
are categorized according to the portion of the translocation pathway where they threaten to trigger disease. Where
geographical or ecological barriers occur source and destination hazards (parasites present in the recipient
environment which are novel to the destination, or those in the destination novel to the source) require assessment
and can be prioritized using epidemiological principles. Infectious hazards are identified on the basis of novelty
to the host because empirical evidence shows that parasites associated with major disease outbreaks following
translocations were of previously unknown pathogenicity. Difficulties with hazard identification stem from poor
evidence on parasite distribution and the large number of potential hazards.
In two cases translocations have been shelved by steering committees because the assessed risk from disease was
believed to outweigh the benefits of translocation. Disease risk management methods have included the
imposition of quarantine barrier systems pre and post-release, elimination of suspected non-native parasites,
reducing the intensity of native parasites in each released host, identification of translocated animals to improve
information derived from post-release health surveillance, health examination prior to release, and pathological
examination pre- and post-release. The duration of post-release health surveillance has been guided by criteria
on the success of each translocated population and the detection of disease in those populations.
Keywords: DRA, hazards, health surveillance, release, translocation
Presenter: Tony Sainsbury
Corresponding author: Tony Sainsbury (tony.sainsbury@ioz.ac.uk)

14. 13
Keynote lecture
Breeding programs in two different endangered species Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus
sumatrensis) and Banteng (Bos javanicus) as the approach of conservation
Muhammad Agil1
, Nancy E Shaffer2
, Zainal Zahari3
, Vincentia Trisna Yoelinda4
, Dedi R Setiadi14
, Iis Arifiantini1
,
Bambang Purwantara1
, Iman Supriatna1, Dondin Sajuthi1
1
Department of Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology, Facuty of Veterinary Medicine,Bogor Agricultural University; 2
SOS
Rhino, Washington, DC, USA; 3
Borneo Rhino Alliance, Sabah; 4
Study Program of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School
of Bogor Agricultural University
Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) (FISCHER 1814) is a critically endangered species with the
reduced population size about 90% in the last 40 years due to the result of poaching and conversion of rhino
habitat for agriculture and housing. Protection only was not sufficient to maintain population growth. Sumatran
rhino was distributed in five areas of habitat at 1984, however, nowadays, very small number of rhinos existed in
only three areas. Due to very small numbers, rhino population with high inbreeding can cause an Allee Effect,
such as they will be very slow to reproduce, may develop the hereditary disorder, develop reproductive pathology,
and may increase the risk of infertile if they are isolated for a long period. The crisis is no information how many
fertile rhinos are left. The only way to recover and to save the population is to rescue all rhinos and put them in
the sanctuary facilities. The main important goal is to increase the breeding rate to produce new rhino babies from
the remaining fertile animals. Therefore, it is important that breeding could be managed precisely by monitoring
mating and pregnancy success and rhinos with abnormal reproduction should be assessed and treated appropriately.
So few fertile animals may be left that the application of advanced reproductive technology will be vital to
conserve and utilize gametes from the unproductive rhinos to produce valuable embryos of the rhinos. This is an
emergency action to save the remaining small Sumatran rhino population, otherwise, it will bring the Sumatran
rhino to extinction.
Banteng (Bos javanicus) is listed as an endangered species in the red list of IUCN. Population in the wild is
continuous declining due to poaching, destruction of their habitat and competition with wild buffalo. The
comprehensive approach to conserve Banteng in Indonesia has been supported by Global Species Management
Plan (GSMP) of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA). The biggest problem of the breeding
program in Banteng is to maintain the heterozygosity of the captive population, therefore it is important to
determine the paternity of each Banteng within the captive population in order to avoid inbreeding. Breeding
program through natural mating will have limitation to maintain the population due to the limitation of Banteng
bull number. Advance approach to support breeding in Banteng is to apply artificial insemination (AI) that can
distribute semen from different bull according to the progeny record. In order to conduct AI successfully, therefore,
it is important to improve the capacity of each facility (a) to habituate male Banteng for semen collection and
cryopreservation; (b) to habituate the female Banteng for monitoring oestrous cycle and determining time for AI;
(c) to build service crate facility to habituate Banteng for examination and AI protocol; (d) to establish bull
management to support producing excellent semen ejaculation; (e) to establish recording system for monitoring
the success and efficiency of AI. Safari Park in Bogor has established AI program in Banteng and AI program
have already produced two offsprings.
Keywords: allee effect, artificial insemination, Banteng, captive breeding, Sumatran rhino
Presenter: Muhammad Agil
Corresponding author: Muhammad Agil (rhinogil@googlemail.com)

15. 14
Keynote lecture
When dental treatments don’t turn out as planned
Cedric Tutt
The Veterinary Dentist
For many years, facilities which keep animals for educational, species preservation and human gratification
purposes were not aware that the dentition of their animals may be of an animal welfare concern. More and more
facilities are now including dental checks and necessary treatments into the annual health checks. The most dental
disease is found incidentally but treatment can resolve pain and discomfort. The oral and dental treatments of
wildlife species are commonly extrapolated from human and domestic animal dentistry. Some “wild” animals do
not respond to dental and oral treatments in a predictable manner. This presentation will address a number of cases
which had unexpected outcomes. Sea lions are sometimes presented with sinus tracts through the alveolar mucosa
or chin skin requiring extraction of the affected teeth. Surgical sites in these animals sometimes dehisce.
Endodontic therapy is an alternative to extraction in some cases, but some animals do not respond as expected.
Sealions which have pulp granulomas over exposed pulp chambers may develop pulp necrosis and require full
root canal therapy following partial pulpectomy and restoration of the affected teeth. Dolphins may develop
external inflammatory root resorption in response to calcium hydroxide treatment of the root canal rather than
produce periapical new bone to reduce the periapical lucency. Some endodontic treatments fail due to chronic
periapical inflammation and infection of the apex and unimplemented advised husbandry changes. It is hoped that
this presentation will lead to more facilities including dental examination and treatments in animal welfare
programmes.
Keywords: dental treatment, dentistry, health check, teeth, welfare
Presenter: Cedric Tutt
Corresponding author: Cedric Tutt (cedrictutt@gmail.com)

16. 15
Plenary session
Community-based emerging and re-emerging disease surveillance in temporary displacement
sites at the urban-wildlife interface in Kathmandu, Nepal
Dibesh Karmacharya1
, Manisha Bista1
, Sulochana Manandhar1
, Ajay N Sharma1
, Jyotsna Joshi1, Bishwo Shrestha1
,
David Wolking2
, Tracey Goldstein2
, Jonna Mazet2
, Christine K Johnson2
1
Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, Thapathali-11, Kathmandu, Nepal; 2
One Health Institute, University of California,
Davis, USA
The zoonotic disease causes serious public health concerns. The PREDICT-Nepal is a multi-site research project
that focuses on the identification of critical regions with high-risk pathways for zoonotic disease emergence. We
selected sites based on ecological and epidemiological conditions for disease spillover and spread. In Kathmandu,
we have been sampling sites where there is a high concentration of temporarily displaced people due to the recent
2015 earthquake. Vulnerable human populations at these sites have extensive livestock and wildlife exposure
through animal production. The undiagnosed disease is widespread in these populations, and clinical signs indicate
severe respiratory, influenza-like, and encephalitic illnesses. A primary goal of community-based emerging
disease surveillance at this location was to map ways in which environments and market systems are changing
and assess the potential risk of spillover of viruses from animals to people, as well as to evaluate human behaviors
and practices that facilitate transmission mechanisms. We have been conducting concurrent One Health (human,
animal and wildlife) surveillance at these high-risk communities. We have been collecting and analyzing survey
based disease spillover risk assessment to identify highly significant factors that might be associated with
emerging disease spillover and spread. Biological samples collected were tested for the presence of RNA viruses
using novel molecular screening methods, and we have identified some interesting viruses belonging to
paramyxoviridae along with influenza viruses. Additionally, we have created GIS-based spatial interactive map
of the community and superimposed with our findings- providing disease map interface.
Keywords: emerging, Kathmandu, Nepal, One health, re-emerging diseases
Presenter: Dibesh Karmacharya
Corresponding author: Dibesh Karmacharya (dibesh@cmdn.org)

17. 16
Plenary session
High occurrence of zoonotic genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in wildlife in South Korea
Said Amer1,2
, Sungryong Kim1
, Hana Kim3
, Sujin Kim3
, Jae-Ik Han4
, Ki-Jeong Na1,3*
1
1Laboratory of Veterinary Laboratory Medicine and Wildlife Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center and College of
Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea; 2
Department of
Zoology, Faculty of Science, Lafr El Sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33516, Egypt; 3
The Wildlife Center of Chungbuk,
Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Korea; 4
Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine/Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk
National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
The microsporidian parasite (Enterocytozoon bieneusi) has been recognized from a wide range of hosts including
humans. Domestic animals and wildlife may act as reservoirs of this pathogen, however, molecular epidemiology
of this parasite in wildlife in Korea remains unclear. The present study was designed to spot light on the prevalence
and genotype(s) of E. bieneusi in wildlife in South Korea. A total of 50 fecal samples were collected from raccoon
dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides)(21) and Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus)(29) in 3 different
wildlife centers located at Gyungnam, Chonbuk, and Chungbuk province, South Korea. DNA was extracted using
QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit (QIAGEN, USA). E. bieneusi was detected using PCR/sequence analysis of the
ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene marker. The occurrence of E. bieneusi was 31/50 (62%) of
screened samples. The infection rate by the host was 66.7% (14/21) in raccoon dogs and 58.6% (17/29) in water
deer. Sequence analysis indicated a wide genetic diversity in the form of SNP. It resulted in one genotype identical
to that previously reported from Sambar deer in Australia (MF693831) and 5 novel genotypes. The zoonotic E.
bieneusi might highlight the potential public health challenge. And, the result suggested that raccoon dogs and
Korean water deer act as a reservoir for sylvatic/zoonotic cycles of transmission of this parasite in South Korea.
This work was supported by the Brain Pool program funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT through the
National Research Foundation of Korea (2018H1D3A2002236).
Keywords: Enterocytozoon bieneusi, genotypes, ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), raccoon dog, water
deer
Presenter: Said Amer
Corresponding author: Ki-Jeong Na (sigol@cbnu.ac.kr)

18. 17
Plenary session
Retrospective study on the introduction of avian influenza virus by shorebirds in Hokkaido,
Japan
Manabu Onuma1,2*
, Masayoshi Kakogawa2,3
, Mitsuhiko Asakawa2
1
National Institute for Environmental Studies; 2
Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University; 3
Kobe
Animal Kingdom
Avian influenza virus (AIV) have been detected from over 100 bird species belong to 13 avian orders, and both
orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes constitute the most important reservoirs of AIV. Especially, because
many shorebirds (the family Scolopacidae) belonging to the later order are long-distance migrants. Some
epidemiological surveys have been performed in USA, Africa and Europe. And, for example, it is prominent that
ruddy turnstones (Arenaria interpres) were the shorebirds with the highest prevalence (over 10 %) of AIVs at
Delaware Bay, US. Between June and December from 2006 to 2010, 1,752 shorebirds belonging to 28 species
(mainly the Red-necked Stint (Calidris ruficollis) : 965; the Grey-tailed tattler (Tringa brevipes) : 340), were
captured and released in 4 locations of Hokkaido, Japan, using mist-nets permitted by the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. Samples were collected by oropharyngeal and cloaca swabs
using cotton swabs. Samples were analyzed in National Institute for Environmental Studies using reverse
transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) (Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) to
detect viral RNA of influenza A viruses. As a result, the total number of RT-LAMP positive sample of AIV was
1 (the prevalence of the present research was 0.057 %) derived from a Lesser Sand Plover captured on September
2010, in Komuke Lake. Our result demonstrated that shorebirds which migratory to Japan carried AIV. Thus,
nationwide AIV surveillance of shorebirds may contribute to providing precautious information of AIV
introduction into Japan.
Keywords: Avian influenza virus, shorebirds, Scolopacidae
Presenter: Manabu Onuma
Corresponding author: Manabu Onuma (monuma@nies.go.jp)

19. 18
Plenary session
Wildlife in Bhutan
Vijay Raika Monger
National Centre for Animal Health
Bhutan is a small landlocked country in the Himalayas lying between China in the north and India in the south.
There is a huge variation in altitude ranging from 150 to more than 7,500 meters high. Despite Bhutan’s
geographical diversity and climatic conditions, it is rich in diverse flora and fauna. As a conservation initiative,
more than 50% of its territory is reserved as national parks and as corridors linking protected areas. However, like
in any other developing country developmental activities are having negative impacts on wildlife conservation.
Among various wildlife species of Bhutan, Tiger, Snow Leopard, Takin, Red Panda, Blue Sheep, Musk Deer,
Asiatic Elephant, Golden Langur are in the conservation list. Takin (Burdorcastaxicolor) is the national animal of
Bhutan which is a very rare and endangered species found above 4000 meters height. Wildlife Conservation
Division (WCD) is one of the functional divisions under the Department of Forests and Park Services in Bhutan
established in 1992 to plan and implement conservation programs in the country. They provide technical support
to all protected areas and biological corridors managed in the country. There are currently ten protected areas
consisting of five national parks, four wildlife sanctuaries and one nature reserve. World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
is Bhutan’s oldest conservation partner supporting the royal government of Bhutan with a number of conservation
efforts such as environmental conservation programs researches, education, awareness, promotion of sustainable
livelihoods, protection of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, and addressing human-wildlife conflict, illegal
wildlife trade and climate change.
Keywords: Bhutan, conservation, wildlife
Presenter: Vijay Raika Monger
Corresponding author: Vijay Raika (reekraika@yahoo.com)

20. 19
Plenary session
Wildlife conservation in Vietnam and Indo-China peninsula
Nguyen Truong Son1
, Vuong Tan Tu1
, Dai Fukui2
, Hoang Trung Thanh3
, Bounsavane Douangboubpha4
, Daosavanh
Sanamxay4
, and Masaharu Motokawa5
1
Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam; 2
The University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, The
University of Tokyo, Japan; 3
Hanoi University of Science, VNU, Vietnam; 4
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, National
University of Laos; 5
The Kyoto University Museum, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Indo-China Peninsula has recently become the focus of renewed research efforts, which results have highlighted
the country’s endemic biota. Recently, total number of 500 mammal species are recorded from this region.
Vietnam is one of the world’s most biologically diverse country, with 10 percent of the total world’s mammal,
bird and fish species. Forty percent of local plant species exist only in Vietnam. Diverse ecosystems provide
critical goods and services to the Vietnamese people through the provisioning of ecosystem services, including
clean water, soil stability, buffers against storms and climate shocks, and a basis for tourism. Vietnam is classified
as a top priority under NGO’s organizations Wildlife Conservation Policy. Activities aim to protect globally
significant biodiversity. Recently, Vietnam government activities to conserve biodiversity, combat wildlife crime
and protect the environment include: - Supporting action focused on increasing application of low emissions land
use, biodiversity conservation, and increasing resilience for vulnerable communities in Vietnam’s priority forested
provinces. - Saving Species: aims to reduce consumer demand for and consumption of illegal wildlife and wildlife
products, strengthen wildlife law enforcement and prosecution and improve and harmonize the legal framework
to combat wildlife crime. - Promoting environmental protection: for example, Ha Long - Cat Ba Alliance promotes
environmental protection of the Ha Long Bay UNESCO World Heritage Site and Cat Ba Archipelago Biosphere
Reserve. All these activities from the Government of Vietnam are aimed at protecting biodiversity in parallel with
sustainable economic development. This research was funded by Nafosted (106-NN.05-2016.14), VAST-JSPS
(QTJP01.02/18-20).
Keywords: biodiversity, government, Vietnam, wildlife crime
Presenter: Nguyen Truong Son
Corresponding author: Troung Son Nguyen (truongsoniebr@gmail.com)

21. 20
Plenary session
Australia's national wildlife health system
Keren Cox-Witton*
, Tiggy Grillo, Rupert Woods
Wildlife Health Australia
Wildlife are increasingly recognised as the source of emerging diseases with potential impact on biodiversity,
domestic animal health, trade and human health. The key to early detection of emerging diseases is surveillance,
along with an integrated system for reporting, data capture and collation. Wildlife Health Australia (WHA), the
national peak body for wildlife health, coordinates Australia’s wildlife disease surveillance system. The system
consists of surveillance partners based in state/territory government agencies, zoo and sentinel wildlife hospitals,
universities, specific focus groups for zoos and bat health, and a broad network of people involved in wildlife
health. Targeted surveillance programs are in place for significant diseases such as avian influenza in wild birds
and Australian bat lyssavirus. National collation of wildlife disease data occurs in the electronic Wildlife Health
Information System (eWHIS), a central web-enabled database. Information collected through the surveillance
system is used to identify significant disease events in wildlife, to inform decisions during disease events and
outbreaks, for national and international reporting, and to assist decision-making by policy-makers. WHA has a
strong One Health focus. We have over 650 members across the country, forming a national network of
government and private stakeholders to help manage the adverse effects of wildlife diseases on Australia’s
environment, biodiversity, domestic animal and human health, trade and tourism. Through our activities we
facilitate links between environment, animal health and public health sectors to ensure greater awareness and
better outcomes for wildlife health in Australia.
Keywords: emerging diseases, One Health, wildlife health, wildlife disease surveillance
Presenter: Keren Cox-Witton
Corresponding author: Keren Cox-Witton (kcox-witton@wildlifehealthaustralia.com.au)

22. 21
Plenary session
The ovarian tissue cryopreservation: A potential resource of female fertility preservation in
wild animals
Mayako Fujihara1*
, Takehito Kaneko2
, Miho Inoue-Murayama1
1
Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University; 2
Division of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Arts and Science,
Iwate University
Within the ovary, there are thousands of primordial follicles containing immature oocytes that are never ovulated
or fertilized, thus becoming a wasted resource. The ability to cryopreserve the immature follicles within the
ovarian tissues in association with the activation of oocyte development offers enormous opportunities for
preserving female fertility regardless of sexual maturation or cycling in wild animals. Using domestic dog as a
model for the wild carnivores, we have developed the appropriate cryopreservation technique for preserving the
primordial follicle. Ovarian cortical pieces were exposed to different cryoprotectants and were frozen by
vitrification or by the slow freezing system. After thawing the frozen tissues, viability was examined by Neutral
Red staining and structural integrity of follicles within the tissues was analysed by Hematoxylin and Eosin staining.
Frozen-thawed tissues were further transplanted into the immunodeficient rat to analyse the follicle capability. As
a result, utilizing the vitrification method with DMSO + PVP as cryoprotectants preserved the canine ovarian
tissues well and with normal follicle structure. In addition, ovarian tissues frozen in this condition kept holding
the structurally normal follicles with some development after 9 weeks of transplantation. By applying these
results, we have started the ovarian tissue cryopreservation in wild animals which has been died or spayed in the
zoo. With the corporation of 8 Japanese zoos, 21 animals including 14 mammalian species were received so far
and most of them were applied for cryopreservation. The accumulation of these cryopreserved ovaries could be a
potential resource of female fertility preservation in wildlife.
Keywords: cryopreservation, fertility preservation, oocyte, ovary, reproductive biology
Presenter: Mayako Fujihara
Corresponding author: Mayako Fujihara (fujihara.mayako.22e@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp)

23. 22
Plenary session
Notes on techniques for collection and processing of semen from eight species of elasmobranchs
Paolo Martelli1
, Lee Foo Khong1
, Sarah Churgin1
, Azad MA Rahman2
1
Ocean Park Hong Kong; 2
City University, Hong Kong
Ocean Park’s veterinary team has a good track record in semen collection and processing in cetaceans and pandas.
In the last 2 years, we have directed resources towards the semen collection of elasmobranchs. This paper presents
lessons learned from semen collection from eight species, 4 rays and 4 sharks, as well as progress made in the
assessment, processing and preservation of semen, fresh, chilled or frozen. The ability to collect elasmobranch
semen and the relative stability of elasmobranch semen opens a number of possibilities for the captive
management and the conservation of elasmobranchs.
Keywords: elasmobranchs, reproduction, semen
Presenter: Paolo Martelli
Corresponding author: Paolo Martelli (paolo.martelli@oceanpark.com.hk)

24. 23
Marine mammal
South Australian marine mammal stranding records and researches
Ikuko Tomo1,2*
, Catherine M. Kemper1
1
South Australian Museum; 2
School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, South Australia
The South Australian (SA) Museum marine mammal collection is the largest and most comprehensive in Australia
with over 2300 specimens and 59 species. The collection was made by the efforts of SA marine mammal stranding
network which includes the SA government, non-government organisations and volunteers. Australian Wildlife
Health Network monitor events, alert people the incidents, Australian Registry of Wildlife Health coordinate data.
Mortality records of marine mammals at SA Museum date back to the 1800s with most detailed records since
1990. Research includes distribution, life history, diet, taxonomy, toxicology, pathology and where possible cause
of death. Cetacean stranding summaries are sent annually to the SA and Commonwealth governments. The annual
average mortality was 55 cetaceans, of these the SA Museum necropsied up to 30 each year. These have identified
many pathologies including infections, traumatic injuries, and occasionally with tumours. Toxicology studies of
dolphins indicate high levels of Zn, Cd and Pb in liver and kidney. Two unusually high mortality events of
dolphins have been observed on the SA coast (2005-06 and 2013), and these were disease related. In the first
event, 63% of common dolphin carcasses collected had lung nematode infections. The second event was a
morbillivirus infection in almost all Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins stranded in Gulf St Vincent. The event was
short lived and restricted in geographical area and confirmed by IHC and PCR. This was a collaborative project
between the SA Museum, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, the University of
Adelaide and the government wildlife agencies.
Keywords: Australia, marine mammal, mortality records, pathology
Presenter: Ikuko Tomo
Corresponding author: Ikuko Tomo (ikuko.tomo@samuseum.sa.gov.au)

25. 24
Marine mammal
New host and geographical record of microorganisms from stranded cetaceans from Taiwan
coasts
Wei Cheng Yang1
, Wen-Ta Li1
, Bang-Yeh Liou1
, Yen-Hua Huang1
, Ling-Ling Chueh1
, Hui-Wen Chang1
, Hue-Ying
Chiou2
, Victor Fei Pang1
, Lien-Siang Chou3
, Chian-Ren Jeng1*
1
Dept. Vet Med, National Taiwan University; 2
Dept. Vet Med, National Chung Hsing University; 3
Inst. Ecology &
Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University
Four different types of microorganisms (morbilliviruses, Brucella sp., Toxoplasma gondii and anisakids) were
investigated in stranded cetaceans using qRT-PCR, qPCR, and PCR-RFLP. From 92 individuals, cetacean
morbilliviruses were detected in six cases, including 3 Kogia spp., 1 pygmy killer whale and 2 Fraser’s dolphins.
The obtained partial sequences were closely related to DMV, PMV, PWMV, and CDV. Brucella sp. was detected
in 10 individuals (3 Kogia spp., 3 pygmy killer whales, 2 Fraser’s dolphins, 1 rough-toothed dolphin and 1 spotted
dolphin) and T. gondii was detected in 3 individuals (2 Fraser’s dolphins and 1 spotted dolphin). Both pathogens
are first recorded in cetaceans from Taiwan. Besides, two Fraser’s dolphins showed co-infection of
morbillivirus/Brucella and Brucella/T. gondii, respectively. Seven Anisakis species and one Pseudoterranova
species were recovered as adult parasites or larval forms from 85 anisakid nematodes collected from 5 individuals
of the families Delphinidae and Kogiidae. We report new host record for A. pegreffii in rough-toothed dolphin, A.
simplex C in short-finned pilot whale and P. ceticola in Risso’s dolphin, and new geographical record for A.
simplex C, A. brevispiculata, A. paggiae and P. ceticola off Taiwan coasts. This study contributes a better
understanding of the distribution of the four types of microorganisms that is fundamental in predicting and
managing the risk of the infectious diseases.
Keywords: Anisakis, Brucella, cetaceans, morbillivirus, Toxoplasma
Presenter: Wei Cheng Yang
Corresponding author: Wei Cheng Yang (jackywc@gmail.com)

26. 25
Marine mammal
3D morphological reconstruction with photogrammetry on stranded whales
Kent Mori, Tadasu K. Yamada, Yuko Tajima
National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo
Photogrammetry or SfM (Structure from Motion) is the method for creating 3D images with digital camera and
applied triangulation. It is easy to take resource photos for 3D image construction in the field because it does not
need anything other than a digital camera. Additionally, we can produce 3D images regardless of the size with
photogrammetry. As a matter of course, cetaceans are huge, and it is extremely difficult to store their whole-body
morphology by formalin-immersion. However, you can get the whole-body morphology of whales using
photogrammetry. You can measure the body proportions of a 3D model with your computer in a reproducible
fashion. You can output the orthophoto from the 3D model. The technic of photogrammetry has made possible to
grasp the whole-body morphology of the whales. It is useful not only for the morphological studies but also for
education in museums and/or aquariums. We have four 3D data of stranded whales at present. In this presentation,
we will talk about the methodology and application of photogrammetry with the case of North Pacific right whale
(Eubalaena japonica) stranded on 21st February 2018 at Ito, Shizuoka-prefectural, Japan.
Keywords: 3DCG, photogrammetry, measurement, whales
Presenter: Kent Mori
Corresponding author: Kent Mori (kent@kahaku.go.jp)

27. 26
Marine mammal
Practical oral and dental health management, with notes on the anatomy and development of
teeth, in the Bottlenose dolphin (T. aduncus)
Paolo Martelli1*
, Lee Foo Khong1
, Sarah Churgin1
, Cedric Tutt2
1
Ocean Park Hong Kong; 2
www.theveterinarydentist.com
Oral and dental hygiene is an often overlooked yet fundamental aspect of health management with veterinary and
husbandry ramifications. We will present Ocean Park practices of cetacean oral health management as well
clinically relevant anatomical characteristics of dolphin teeth, common procedures and outcome of common
events.
Keywords: dental, dentistry, dolphin
Presenter: Paolo Martelli
Corresponding author: Paolo Martelli (paolo.martelli@oceanpark.com.hk)

28. 27
Marine mammal
Diet study of mass-stranded small toothed whale around Japan: Case study of Striped dolphin
(Stenella coeruleoalba) and Melon-headed whale (Peponocephala electra)
Ayaka Matsuda
JSPS/Hokkaido University
Striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) and melon-headed whale (Peponocephala electra) might have mass-
stranded around Japanese coast, but little is known about the diet. In this study, the diet of these two species were
revealed by combining the following two methods: stomach contents analysis and stable isotope analysis. From
the result of stomach contents of striped dolphin, few cephalopod beaks, no fresh prey species and no fish otoliths
were found. This result implied that striped dolphin might not have enough feed on prey before stranded. Two
oceanic squids, Onychoteuthidae and Histioteuthidae, were found only in female’s stomach of striped dolphins
while mesopelagic fishes and cephalopods were found in both sexes in melon-headed whales. Myctophid fishes
were the main diet of melon-headed whales. Diaphus gigas and Notoscopelus japonicas were dominat and
observed as the same composition in male and female. The value of δ13C (mean ± s.d.) of striped dolphin and
melon-headed whale was -18.2±0.9‰ and -18.29±0.38‰, respectively. The standard deviations for δ13C of the
striped dolphin were higher than melon-headed whale. From the result of two methods, it was assumed that two
species might behave differently during foraging, the mass-stranded striped dolphin might feed on prey with the
same school, while the melon-headed whales might feed on prey with the same member. Applying stomach
contents analysis and stable isotope analysis on diet study of mass-stranded cetacean can reveal not only their
prey speciest but also the feeding behaviour of offshore gregarious cetacean species.
Keywords: diet, stable isotope, stomach contents, stranding, toothed whale
Presenter: Ayaka Matsuda
Corresponding author: Ayaka Matsuda (matsuda@fish.hokudai.ac.jp)

29. 28
Marine mammal
Helminthic fauna of Finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaorientalis) in Korea
Sunmin Kim1
, Youngmin Choi2
, Hawsun Sohn2
, Hyunwoo Kim2
, Kyumjoon Park2
, Kyunglee Lee2
, Junpei Kimura1
,
Heejeong Youn1
1
College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea; 2
Cetacean Research Institute, National Fisheries
Research and Development Institute, Korea
The Narrow-ridged finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaorientalis) is a small odontocete distributed in eastern
Asia. Parasites of the finless porpoise in Korean waters have not been studied before. In this study, helminths of
dead finless porpoises were examined because the parasite is essential as an ecological indicator of the wild host.
Parasites not only can cause disease but also may contribute to stranding behavior of marine mammals.
Furthermore, parasites can regulate marine mammal populations at ecological and evolutionary scales. 75 finless
porpoises stranded and bycaught in Korean waters were dissected in 2016 and 2017. Endoparasites were collected
during dissection from the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, intestine), liver, air sinuses (bronchi, lung, pterygoid
sinus), mammary gland and muscle. Parasites were identified morphologically and also genetically when possible.
73 individuals among 75 finless porpoises had one or more than one species of parasites. The total prevalence of
endoparasitic infection was 97.33%. It includes Namatoda (Anisakis pegreffii, Pharurus sunameri, Halocercus
sunameri, Halocercus pingi, Otophocaenurus asiaeorientalis, and Crassicauda sp.), Trematoda (Synthesium sp.,
Campula oblonga, Nasitrema sunameri, N. spathulatum), Cestoda (Trigonocotyle globicephalae, Tetrabothrius
sp.) and Acanthocephala (Bolbosoma sp.). Most of the dead bodies had the parasitic infection. Especially, the
prevalence of Anisakis pegreffii which is zoonotic parasite was high as 46 of 75 individuals (61.33%). Because of
this high rate of infection, Anisakis spp. are of special public health concern. Further analysis including prevalence
pattern related to age and toxicological data should be carried out. This is the first record parasitic infection status
in wild cetaceans in Korea.
Keywords: Finless porpoise, helminthic fauna, parasite infection
Presenter: Sunmin Kim
Corresponding author: Hee-Jeong Youn (younhj@snu.ac.kr)

30. 29
Marine mammal
Immunotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the leukocytes of Common bottlenose
dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Wen-Ta Li1, 2
, Lei-Ya Wang1
, Chieh Lo1, 3
, Wei-Chang Yang1, 2, 4
, Hui-Wen Chang1, 4
, Victor Fei Pang1, 4
, Meng-Hsien
Chen5
, Chian-Ren Jeng1, 4*
1
Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, National Taiwan University; 2
Taiwan Cetacean Society;
3
Farglory Ocean Park; 4
School of Veterinary Mecine; 5
Department of Oceanography and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research
Center, National Sun Yat-sen University
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), an important source of Ag contamination, have been widely used in many
commercial products due to their optical properties, electronic properties, antimicrobial activity, catalytic activity,
and magnetic activity. The AgNPs are released into the environment, gradually accumulate in the ocean, and may
affect the animals of high trophic level via food-web chain, such as cetaceans and humans. Several rodent and
fish studies have demonstrated AgNPs can enter the blood circulation via alimentary/respiratory tracts and deposit
in multiple organs especially brain and testis. AgNPs have been reported to induce cellular oxidative stress, DNA
damage and apoptosis in these animal models, and cause toxic effects on algae, marine invertebrates, and fishes.
Cetaceans, as the top predators of ocean, may have been negatively affected by AgNPs, but no toxicity study of
AgNPs in cetaceans has been reported. Therefore, it is urgent to investigate the possible negative effects of AgNPs
on the health of cetacean. The current study revealed the cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity caused by AgNPs on
the leukocytes of cetaceans. All the data have demonstrated the negative effects of Ag/Ag compounds and AgNPs
on the health of cetaceans, and this study also raises the concern on the potential ecotoxicity of Ag in marine
environment.
Keywords: cetacean, cytotoxicity, ecotoxicity, immunotoxicity, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)
Presenter: Wen-Ta Li
Corresponding author: Wen-Ta Li (heerolee1104@gmail.com)

31. 30
Marine mammal
Seroepidemiology of Brucella infection in marine mammals inhabiting Russian waters
Kazue Ohishi1*
, Erika Abe2
, Masao Amano3
, Nobuyuki Miyazaki4
, Andrei Boltunov5
, Etsuko Katsumata6
, Tadashi
Maruyama7
1
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Present organization: Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo
Polytechnic University; 2
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); 3
Graduate School of
Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University; 4
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of
Tokyo; 5
Marine Mammal Research and Expedition Center; 6
Kamogawa Sea World; 7
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth
Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Present organization: School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University
As Brucella are known to induce reproductive disorders including abortion to mammalians, the surveillance of
Brucella infection is important for the conservation of wild animals. In order to know the situation of Brucella
infection in aquatic mammals in Russian waters, serologic surveys were performed under the Russian-Japanese
Joint Research Program for Biological and Environmental Studies. Serum antibodies against Brucella were
examined in Caspian seals (Pusa caspica, n=71), Baikal seals (P. sibirica, n=7), ringed seals (P. hispida hispida,
n=6), and beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas, n=4) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using
Brucella abortus and B. canis as antigens. The specific antibodies were detected in 4 Caspian seal serum samples
(4 %) for B. abortus. The same sera samples showed a weaker but detectable affinity for B. canis antigens. Several
discrete bands against B. abortus and B. canis antigens were detected by Western blot analysis of the ELISA-
positive seal sera; the bands against B. canis were weaker than those against B. abortus. Anti-Brucella antibodies
were also found in 3 beluga whale serum samples (75%) for B. abortus antigens. The whale sera did not react
with B. canis antigens in the ELISA. These ELISA-positive whale sera showed a strong positivity only against B.
abortus antigens in the Western blot analysis. These results indicate that Brucella infection occurred in Caspian
seals and beluga whales inhabiting Russian waters, and the Brucella strains infecting the seals and the whales
were antigenically distinct.
Keywords: antibody, Baikal seal, beluga whale, Brucella, Caspian seal, ringed seal
Presenter: Kazue Ohishi
Corresponding author: Kazue Ohishi (cie20910@syd.odn.ne.jp)

32. 31
Avian
Common medical procedures in rescued birds
Alessandro Grioni
Fauna Conservation Department, Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden
In a rescue scenario, there is a minimum level of medical attention that should be carried out in order to determine
the degree of health of a received animal and follow minimum animal welfare requirements. Several basic
procedures will also aid the decision process that will lead to a possible release. Common procedures may include
a full physical examination which starts with weight taking and whole body health check. Fluid therapy is strongly
recommended for newly received birds, combined with cage rest for few hours before any other medical check is
carried out, unless urgent. Following a period of rest during which the animal behaviour can be observed, more
tests may be carried out. At an appropriate time, a general anaesthetic is advisable and radiographs can confirm
or reveal underlying and secondary problems. Sample collection may also be required according to the species
and the presenting signs: faecal samples to determine the parasite load, crop samples for chicks that have digestive
problems, tracheal swabs for birds with respiratory problems and blood samples for birds with suspected
septicemia or toxicosis. All of the procedures that can be performed on any rescued bird should lead to a clear and
unambiguous assessment of the current condition, should follow minimum standards of animal welfare and aim
to provide a clear health picture for possible release consideration for individuals that meet full survival fitness.
Keywords: birds, examination, medical procedures, sampling
Presenter: Alessandro Grioni
Corresponding author: Alessandro Grioni (alexgrio@kfbg.org)

33. 32
Avian
Grey-crowned crane breeding experience in Langkawi Wildlife Park
Solehuddin Mohd Zainol*, Syahar Amir A. Gani, Siti Afiqah Amri, Ahmad Izzuddin Ramli, Nur Hamzani Hamzah
Langkawi Wildlife Park, Lot 1485, Jalan Ayer Hangat, Kampung Belanga Pecah, 07000 Langkawi, Kedah, Malaysia
A pair of the grey-crowned crane (Balearica regulorum) housed in Langkawi Wildlife Park, are among the elder’s
resident since the park opened in 2002. The birds are freely flying, foraging and mixed with other bird species in
an aviary with access to a pond. From 2002 to 2013, only one chick survived to adult size. On July 2013 the pair
was observed building a nest and started to lay eggs, therefore it was monitored and documented. In order to
ensure success in breeding, “double-clutching” or “multiple-clutching” was applied. Three clutches on average
were successfully observed per breeding season from 2013 to 2017. A total of 36 eggs were produced including
26 eggs artificially incubated. All eggs were fertile, and 21 eggs hatched from which six survived through hand-
rearing. Every year, the birds were given a chance to incubate their last clutch, but unfortunately, most of the
hatched chicks did not survive. The chicks from artificial incubation survived only for four to thirty-six days.
Deaths were most probably due to improper diet leading to dehydration and joint issues that need to be investigated
and addressed thoroughly for the guaranteed survival of the chicks. In conclusion, favoring replacement clutch in
grey-crowned crane can be an interesting method for breeding enhancement in this species.
Keywords: breeding, grey-crowned crane, Langkawi Wildlife Park, replacement clutch
Presenter: Solehuddin Mohd Zainol
Corresponding author: Solehuddin Mohd Zainol (solehuddin.wildlife@gmail.com)

34. 33
Avian
Phenotypic characteristics to differentiate between the male red jungle fowl, decoy chicken and
village chicken
Syahar Amir A.Gani, Syazwan Saidin, Adibah Abu Bakar
Faculty of Sciences and Mathematic, Sultan Idris Education University, Perak, Malaysia
Four diagnostic characteristics were observed to morphologically/phenotypically differentiate between wild
caught Male Red Jungle Fowl (MRJF), Male Decoy Chicken (MDC) and Male Village Chicken (MVC). Body
weight, body length, wing length, and tarsus length were measured. The mean weight was 2680 ± 309.9 gm
(MVC), 1428.0 ± 62.0 gm (MDC), and 901.6 ± 39.7 gm (MRJF). For body length (cm), MVC also showed the
highest at 44.3 ± 1.6cm, MRJF 39.4 ± 0.8 cm and MDC showed the lowest, 33.3 ± 0.9cm. The wing length of
MRJF (24.7 ± 0.4cm) and MVC (23.3 ± 0.4) showed significant different (p < 0.05), whereas MDC showed the
average range of 22.7 ± 0.4 cm. MRJF showed intermediate mean tarsus length at 8.7 ± 0.3 cm, which the longest
tarsus was MVC at 9.8 ±0.2 cm and the shortest was MDC at 8.4 ± 0.3 cm. In conclusion, several phenotypic
characteristics can be observed between MRJF, MDC and MVC groups during field sampling, which constitutes
the basis for further characterization and development of conservation strategies for red jungle fowl and chicken
populations in Malaysia.
Keywords: phenotypic characteristics, male red jungle fowl, male chicken
Presenter: Syahar Amir A.Gani
Corresponding author: Syahar Amir A.Gani (syahar_tucki@yahoo.com)

35. 34
Avian
Integrating DNA barcoding and restriction enzyme techniques for species identification of free-
ranging waterfowls
Liao Ci-Hui1
, Chen Chen-Chih 2*
1
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and
Technology; 2
Institute of wildlife conservation, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science
and Technology
Bird droppings collected from environment was commonly used as samples for disease surveillance program of
wild birds, such as avian influenza virus. Waterfowls, especially the genus of Anas, have been considered to be a
principal reservoir for some pathogens which may spread them through their migration. Technology of DNA
barcoding using bird droppings as samples has been commonly adopted for identifying the species,
epidemiological study, and disease management. The database of DNA barcoding of wild birds was built in many
countries but not in Taiwan. We collected 11 species of waterfowls in Taiwan and amplified a partial cytochrome
oxidase subunit I (COI) segment of mitochondrial DNA by semi-nest PCR with primers (Anser-F1, Anser-R1,
and Anser-R2). We confirmed the amplified sequences with NCBI database and identified the species based on
BLAST successfully. For increasing the efficiency of species identification with DNA barcoding techniques, we
verified fragmentations by two restriction enzymes, HaeIII and RsaI, to check different restriction patterns and
identify species using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Our study demonstrated that the combination of DNA
barcoding and restriction patterns largely prompt efficiency of species identification for waterfowls, particularly
in disease surveillance programs where only fecal samples are available.
Keywords: disease surveillance, DNA barcoding, restriction enzyme, species identification, waterfowl
Presenter: Liao Ci-Hui
Corresponding author: Chen-Chih Chen (ychih0502@gmail.com)

36. 35
Avian
A review of chemical residues and consequences of Cambodian vulture population declines: A
primary risk analysis of chemical hazard
Vutey Venn1*
, Worawidh Wajjwalku2
, Pam L. Whiteley3
1
Department of Veterinary Para-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom
Penh Cambodia ; 2
Diagnostic Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Thailand ;
3
Wildlife Health Surveillance Victoria Coordinator, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Cambodia has three vulture species, the White-rumped Vulture, the Slender-billed Vulture and the Red-headed
Vulture, all of which are critically endangered. These species have undergone dramatic declines due to food
limitation, pesticides and poisoning from illegal hunting practices. The population of vultures has suffered a
worrying decline with 16-vulture found dead in Mondulkiri province recently. The theory was confirmed by the
Singapore lab tests, which found levels of the pesticide in birds’ stomachs sometimes hundreds of times the lethal
dose. We take this as a very serious matter and risk analysis steps of chemical hazard Carbofuran has to be taking
into account. Risk analysis means the process composed of risk assessment, risk management and risk
communication. Risk assessment; hazard identification of Carbofuran is chemical hazard and dietary residues of
the Carbofuran in carcasses is a major exposure assessment to vultures. Risk management is a part of any
organization’s strategic management and Cambodia Vulture Action Plan 2016-2025 for any activity to increase
understanding and to reduce poisoning. In other risk communication is that the target International Vulture
Awareness Day and brings the awareness of the conservation of vultures to a wider audience and highlight the
important work being carried out by the Cambodia Vulture Working Group. This is the first to address the causes
and consequences of Cambodian vulture population declines. Improvement of scientific paper used in this primary
reviews is proposed to better prioritize exposure assessment models for Carbofuran and Diclofenac to ensure the
global survival of these three species.
Keywords: Cambodian vulture, carbofuran, chemical hazard, risk analysis
Presenter: Venn Vutey
Corresponding author: Vutey Venn (vennvutey@rua.edu.kh)

37. 36
Avian
Avian poxvirus infection in two captured cormorants (Phalacrocorax capillatus)
Tokuma Yanai1*
, Takumi Kuriharam1
, Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi2
1
Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Gifu University, Japan; 2
Laboratory of Animal Health, Tottori University, Japan
Cormorant fishing is one of Japanese traditional fishing with over 1000 years of history. Most cormorants used
are captured Japanese cormorants which are trained for fishing. In May and June in 2017, there were outbreaks of
avian poxvirus infection in captured Japanese Cormorants (Phalacrocorax capillatus) used for fishing in several
places of Japan including Gifu, Aichi, Hiroshima, Kyoto and Yamanashi prefectures in Honshu Island. Most of
the affected cormorants were young ones captured on the coast of Ibaraki Prefecture. There were almost no fatal
cases in spite of prominent firm nodular lesions, black in color, on face including the beak. Avian pox was
diagnosed by examining a surgically removed nodule and a naturally falling off nodule collected from 2
cormorants sent from Hiroshima and Yamaguchi prefecture. Histologically, the nodules consisted of various
amounts of epithelial cell hyperplasia with ballooning degeneration, containing frequent intracytoplasmic
Bollinger bodies, as well as multifocal bacterial colonies in the ulcerated keratinized epidermis. In addition,
avipoxvirus-specific 4b core protein (P4b) gene was detected from these samples by using PCR. The nucleotide
sequence of the amplicon was determined and subsequent BLAST search showed that the sequences were closely
related to the sequence of avipoxvirus detected from European Shag (P. aristotelis). This report demonstrates an
emerging novel avian pox in the Japanese Cormorants which were commonly used for cormorant fishing. Origin
of this avipoxvirus might be epizootic in wild birds including cormorants in Japanese sea coast and is needed to
evaluate its impact on the wild birds.
Keywords: avian pox, Avipoxvirus, Japanese cormorants, capture
Presenter: Tokuma Yanai
Corresponding author: Tokuma Yanai (yanai@gifu-u.ac.jp)

38. 37
Avian
Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of avian haemosporidia in wild birds in the Republic of
Korea
Haerin Rhim1,2
, Jae-ik Han1,2*
1
Chonbuk National University; 2
Chonbuk Wildlife Center
Avian blood parasites, including Haemoproteus spp. and Plasmodium spp. are found worldwide, but only limited
information of their occurrence is available in the Republic of Korea (ROK). We determined the prevalence of
Haemoproteus spp. and Plasmodium spp. and their phylogenetic characteristics in wild birds in ROK. Blood
samples were collected from 234 wild birds of 41 species in the Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, ROK. While 58 (24.7%)
were positive for avian haemosporidia on microscopic examination of blood smears, 109 (46.6%) were positive
on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the cytochrome b gene. By direct sequencing of PCR amplicons,
92 (84.4%) were identified as Haemoproteus species and 17 (15.6%) were Plasmodium species. Phylogenetic
analysis using the cytochrome b gene revealed that resident and migrant birds have very similar genetic lineages
of both parasites in ROK. Their horizontal transmission between resident and migrant birds, and also between
countries, suggests the possibility that migrant birds may act as a mediator for the parasite among Asian countries.
This subject is supported by Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) as "Public Technology Program based on
Environmental Policy (No. 2016000210002)". Avian blood parasites, including Haemoproteus spp. and
Plasmodium spp. are found worldwide but only limited information of their occurrence is available in the Republic
of Korea (ROK). We determined the prevalence of Haemoproteus spp. and Plasmodium spp. and their
phylogenetic characteristics in wild birds in ROK. Blood samples were collected from 234 wild birds of 41 species
in the Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, ROK. While 58 (24.7%) were positive for avian haemosporidia on microscopic
examination of blood smears, 109 (46.6%) were positive on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the
cytochrome b gene. By direct sequencing of PCR amplicons, 92 (84.4%) were identified as Haemoproteus species
and 17 (15.6%) were Plasmodium species. Phylogenetic analysis using the cytochrome b gene revealed that
resident and migrant birds have very similar genetic lineages of both parasites in ROK. Their horizontal
transmission between resident and migrant birds, and also between countries suggests the possibility that migrant
birds may act as a mediator for the parasite among Asian countries. This subject is supported by Korea Ministry
of Environment (MOE) as "Public Technology Program based on Environmental Policy (No. 2016000210002)".
Keywords: avian haemosporidia, Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, phylogenetic analysis, wild bird
Presenter: Haerin Rhim
Corresponding author: Jae-Ik Han (jaeikhan@gmail.com)

39. 38
Infectious disease
The phylogenetic relationship of carnivore protoparvovirus 1 isolated from domestic dog, cats
and leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) in Miaoli, central Taiwan
Yun-Shan Tu1
, Chen-Chih Chen2*
1
Institute of Wildlife Conservation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; 2
Research Center for Animal
Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
The population of leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) in Taiwan is facing several threats, such a low
population abundance and low genetic diversity. In addition, previous studies indicate that wild leopard cats were
commonly infected with carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CP1). CP1 has the potential of cross-species transmission
between sympatric carnivores, such as domestic dogs and cats, and inducing high mortality in wild felids. In order
to figure out the phylogenetic relationship of CP1 isolated from wild leopard cats, and domestic dogs and cats.
We collected 45 individuals of wild leopard cats distributed around Miaoli County in central Taiwan. In addition,
we collected rectal swabs and blood samples from 22 stray dogs and 8 stray cats in the same sampling area of
leopard cats. We adopted PCR for screening CP1 in samples. We identified the infection of variants of canine
parvovirus type 2a, 2b, 2c (CPV-2a, CPV-2b, CPV-2c) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) in leopard cats. The
phylogenetic tree constructed by the maximum likelihood method of partial VP2 gene revealed that sequences of
CPV-2a, CPV-2c, and FPV isolated from domestic dogs, cats, and leopard cats were identical. However, we found
some of the isolations from leopard cats were separate in the different sub-cluster from cats and dogs. According
to the phylogenetic analysis, we conclude that CP1 can be transmitted between sympatric carnivores. For the
distinct sub-cluster of variants isolated from leopard cats, further sample collection would be needed for improving
the evolutionary isolation of CP1 in the population of leopard cats.
Keywords: Canine parvovirus, cross-species transmission, Feline panleukopenia virus, Leopard cat
Presenter: Yun-Shan Tu
Corresponding author: Chen-Chih Chen (ychih0502@gmail.com)

40. 39
Infectious disease
Comparison of the prevalence of Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 in live-captured and road-killed
wild carnivore in Taiwan
Ai-Mei Chang1
, Chen-Chih Chen2*
, Yu-Sin Shaw3
1
Graduated Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine National Pingtung University of
Science and Technology; 2
Institute of wildlife conservation, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University
of Science and Technology; 3
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung
University of Science and Technology
Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CP1), including the variants of canine parvovirus 2a, 2b, and 2c, and feline
panleukopenia virus (FPV), have been detected in various domestic and wild carnivore species with typical
clinical signs, such as panlymphopenia and haemorrhagic enteritis. Our objectives of this study were to investigate
the distribution of CP1 and its possible effect on free-ranging carnivores. During 2015 to 2018, 131 individuals
of ferret badgers (Melogale moschata), masked palm civet (Paguma larvata) and crab-eating mongoose
(Herpestes urva Hodgson) were sampled. For the collected carnivores, 99 individuals were live-trapped and 32
were road-killed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected partial VP2 gene of CP1. The PCR products were
sequenced, and CPV-2a, CPC-2b, CPV-2c, and FPV, were identified. CPV-2a was the primary variant found in
both road-killed and live-trapped with 46.67 % and 40 % of prevalence, respectively, followed by CPV-2c
(33.33 %, 30 %), FPV (13.33 %, 10 %) and CPV-2b (6.67 %, 0 %). The prevalence of road-killed was 46.88%
(95% Confidence Interval: 29.58 - 64.17 %), which was significantly higher than 10.1% of prevalence of live-
trapped (95% CI: 4.16 - 16.4 %). The histopathological examination of CP1 positive individuals revealed the
pathological changes of enteritis. The present study showed that the CP1 is distributed in the population of free-
ranging carnivores in Taiwan. Furthermore, histopathological changes indicated that the infection of free-ranging
carnivores with CP1 variants could be lethal or diminishing the ability to react to the environment and increase
the risk of the vehicle collision.
Keywords: cross-species transmission, Parvovirus, road-kill, wildlife conservation
Presenter: Ai-Mei Chang
Corresponding author: Chen-Chih Chen (ychih0502@gmail.com)

41. 40
Infectious disease
Molecular detection of Babesia spp. from confiscated Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) in
Thailand
Manakorn Sukmak1,3*,
Rungrueng Yodsheewan2,3
, Bencharong Sangkharak4
, Nongnid Kaolim3
, Raveewan
Ploypan2,3
, Nantana Soda3
, Worawidh Wajjwalku1
1
Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University;
2
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University; 3
Kamphaengsaen Veterinary Diagnostic
Center (KVDC), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University; 4
Department of National Parks Wildlife and Plant
Conservation
Asian pangolin (Manis spp.) is one of the demanded species for wildlife trafficking and considered their status as
critically endangered. Thailand is a hub for trafficking of wildlife and forest product. Two population of trafficking
Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) (group 1, n = 41 and group 2, n = 37) were captured then transfer to Wildlife
Quarantine Center Nakhonnayok for rehabilitation. The blood collection and physical examination were
performed routinely. The physical examination revealed normal body condition and no babesiosis was observed
on the blood smear. However, we detected the presence of Babesia spp. from blood samples by Babesia-18s-
specific-PCR. The 63.41% (26/41) and 21.62% (8/37) were positive by PCR for group 1 and 2, respectively. The
samples that showed positive result by PCR were randomly subjected for sequencing. The alignment of obtained
sequences from both pangolin populations showed 100% similarity. Phylogenetic tree construction based on
partial 18s rRNA gene revealed unique monophyletic clade that differs from previously reported Babesia spp.
commonly found in small carnivore and others. This can be implied that uncharacterized Babesia spp. found in
this study is species-specific parasite with the unknown pathogenic association on pangolin health. However, few
reports on babesiosis in pangolin and the 18s rRNA sequences were available. Further analysis of this Babesia
spp. genome characteristic, morphological study and pathogenic effect on pangolin health are still required.
Keywords: 18s rRNA, Babesia spp., Manis javanicus, Sundan pangolin
Presenter: Manakorn Sukmak
Corresponding author: Manakorn Sukmak (fvetmksu@gmail.com)

42. 41
Infectious disease
Leprosy in Red squirrels in the British Isles
Anna Meredith1*
, Anna-Katarina Schilling2
, Karen Stevenson3
, Jorge del Pozo2
, Peter Lurz2
1
Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne; 2
Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of
Edinburgh; 3
Moredun Research Institute
Leprosy in British Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) was first described in 2014, as a novel infectious
disease discovered through scanning surveillance of red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) carried out by the University
of Edinburgh and Moredun Research Institute. Collaborative studies using genomics, histopathology and
serology found squirrel leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium lepromatosis in red squirrels from England, Ireland
and Scotland, and Mycobacterium leprae in squirrels from Brownsea Island. These bacilli cause human leprosy,
no longer a British disease concern but with around 220,000 cases per year globally. Until this discovery, the
armadillo was the only other non-primate species known to be susceptible to leprosy. Clinical, preclinical and
subclinical disease prevalence varies locally, but it is not possible to assess disease progression via surveillance
of submitted carcasses. It is unclear whether leprosy contributes to the demise of the red squirrel population or
how they become infected, and we are undertaking detailed pathological and epidemiological studies sampling
the UK and European populations. Our findings demonstrate that a combination of several diagnostic methods
needs to be used to confirm clinical cases of red squirrel leprosy. Subclinical and preclinical cases can currently
only be identified using molecular methods. Tissue samples from UK grey squirrels and from several squirrel
species in continental Europe screened for the presence of M. leprae and M. lepromatosis have all been negative
to date. The implications of leprosy in a wild rodent reservoir remain unclear in terms of both zoonotic risk and
wildlife conservation.
Keywords: leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium lepromatosis, Red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris
Presenter: Anna Meredith
Corresponding author: Anna Meredith (Anna.Meredith@unimelb.edu.au)

43. 42
Basic science
External characters of fruit bats and their ectoparasites in Tanjung Ringgit Bat Cave on
Lombok Island
Kholik
Nusa Tenggara Barat University, Indonesia
Bats and their ectoparasites have an important role to transmission of several pathogens. Fruit bats have can live
together with thousands of individuals in one cave. These make them natural reservoirs of many ectoparasites.
Tanjung Ringgit cave is bat cave where massive colonies of cave-dwelling bats. The aim of this research was to
identify of ectoparasites of fruit bats as potential vector transmission of diseases. The survey was conducted in
Tanjung Ringgit bat cave on Lombok Island during Mei, 2018. The fruit bats were captured by the net trap.
Identification of fruits bat was based on the external appearance. The length of forearm (FA), third metacarpal
(3MT), head body (HB), tibia (TIB), tail (TL), hind foot (HF) and Body Weight (BW) were measured in each
captured fruit bats. The External characters of 12 captured fruit bats had length of FA = 75.75±7.79 mm, 3MT =
48.50±4.23 mm, head HB = 100.33±13.99 mm, TL = 18.33±2.57 mm, TIB = 33.75±3.95 mm, HF = 20.16±2.58
mm and BW = 56.41±20.71 gram. The fruit bats in Tanjung Ringgit cave were infected with the external parasite
of Eonycteris sp. Eucampsipoda sp, Ischnopsyllus sp, and Spinturnix sp. Fruit bats in Tanjung Ringgit bat cave
can be potential vector transmission of diseases on Lombok Island.
Keywords: external character, ectoparasites, fruit bats, Lombok Island
Presenter: Kholik
Corresponding author: Kholik (kholiqvet@gmail.com)

44. 43
Basic science
Metagenomic analysis of fecal microbiome in captive giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis), Korea
Ho-Seong Cho1*
, Yeonsu Oh2
, Sung-Hyun Moon1
, Jong-Woog Choi3
, Byeong-Cheol Yoon3
, Yong-Gu Yeo4
, Kyung-
Yeon Eo4
, Jae-Ik Han1
, Ki-Jeong Na5
, Tark D6
1
Veterinary Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Meicine, Chonbuk National University; 2
College of Veterinary
Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; 3
Uchi
Park Zoo, Gwangju 61028, Republic of Korea; 4
Conservation and Health Center, Seoul Zoo, Gwacheon 13829, Republic of
Korea; 5
Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Republic of Korea; 6
College of
Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that has effects on health and diseases of host with the interactions of
many other factors together. The objective of this study was to characterize the structure of the fecal bacterial
community of five giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) at Seoul Zoo, Jeonju Zoo and Uchi Park Zoo, Korea. Fecal
genomic DNA was extracted and variable regions 1-3 of the 16S rRNA gene were PCR-amplified and then
sequenced. A total of 388,785 non-chimeric bacterial sequences were obtained, and the average number of
sequences per sample was 77,757 ± 4,325. Sequences were assigned to 136,325 operational taxonomic units (OTU)
with 95% of genetic similarity. Twelve phyla were detected and Bacteroidetes (38.6%), Proteobacteria (26.5%),
Firmicutes (25.8%), Spirochaetes (5.5%) and Tenericutes (2.9%) were the most dominant phyla (more than 2%
of total sequences) and constituted 99.4% of the classified sequences. Xanthomonadaceae, a family of
Proteobacteria, was predominant family and the specific function and mechanism of Xanthomonadaceae in
giraffes need further study. Our results indicated that captive giraffes in Korea had higher fecal bacterial diversity
than other countries. Abundance and quantity of diet source for giraffes played a crucial role in shaping the
composition and structure of gut microbiota.
Keywords: captive giraffes, Giraffa camelopardalis, gut microbiome, metagenomics, NGS
Presenter: Ho-Seong Cho
Corresponding author: Ho-Seong Cho (hscho@jbnu.ac.kr)

45. 44
Basic science
Analysis of gut microbiome of wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Korea
Ho-Seong Cho2*
, Yeonsu Oh1
, Sung-Hyun Moon2
, Jae-Ik Han2
, Tark D3
, Ki-Jeong Na4
1
College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Republic of Korea; 2
College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Chonbuk National University, Iksan
54596, Republic of Korea; 3
College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Chonbuk National
University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; 4
Korea Zoonosis Research Instituter, Chonbuk National University, Iksan
54531, Republic of Korea; 5
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of
Korea
The importance of the gut microbiota of animals because of its pivotal roles in the health and well-being of animals
is widely acknowledged. In this study, we characterized the gastrointestinal bacterial communities of wild boars
(seven samples) from feces by analyzing the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene via high-throughput sequencing
technology on IonTorrent platform. Firmicutes (64.4%) and Bacteroidetes (35.5%) were the most predominant
phyla in wild boars. The result suggested that the fecal microbiome of wild boars was less diversity compared
with domestic pigs in regard to Phylum analysis. It corresponded to intestinal microbiome analysis of captive sika
deer conducted elsewhere; the results indicated that captive sika deer in the farm was richer in diversity than the
wild. The abundance of diet source for sika deer could be playing a crucial role in shaping the composition and
structure of gut microbiota. Therefore, based on the diversity and abundance of the intestinal microbiome analysis
of wild boars might not be sufficient to justify the animal health just because they live in nature and have better
animal welfare. They are constantly exposed to various pathogens, and food gathering is not always easy. The
further study such as immunological status and pathogenic virus analysis should be followed.
Keywords: gut microbiome, metagenomics, NGS, Sus scrofa, wild boars
Presenter: Yeonsu Oh
Corresponding author: Yeonsu Oh (yeonoh@kangwon.ac.kr)

46. 45
Asian bear
Infectious disease risks in a captive population of sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) in Cambodia
Kirsty Officer1*
, Nev Broadis1
, Nhim Thy2
, Paul Horwood3
, Phon Sourphea1
, Jonathon Cracknell4
1
Free the Bears; 2
Forestry Administration, Cambodia; 3
Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; 4
Conservation Medicine
Services
Captive environments can increase the risk of disease to bear species in Asia. High densities and proximity to
other captive wildlife as well as domestic animals and humans can amplify infectious disease risks in particular.
While infectious diseases identified in captive individuals are often not considered to pose a significant risk to
wild populations, they can nevertheless be important to bear conservation. They can have a devastating effect on
captive insurance populations and potentially impact the ability to transfer individuals for breeding programmes
and wild release. Furthermore, if shrinking and increasingly fragmented habitats bring wild bears into closer
contact with each other and with other species, infectious disease interface threats may increase. For these reasons,
as well as individual animal health and welfare, thorough disease investigations in ex-situ bear collections
throughout Asia are crucial, and can expand the limited knowledge of disease susceptibility and transmission in
these species. A number of infectious diseases seen in the sun bear population at Phnom Tamao Wildlife Rescue
Centre in Cambodia serve as case examples. Finally, the approach taken to address tuberculosis in this population
will be described. Twenty-six cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection were confirmed in sun bears
(Helarctos malayanus) at Phnom Tamao Wildlife Rescue Centre since 2009. Little is known about tuberculosis
in sun bears. Accurate and reliable diagnosis of active tuberculosis is the cornerstone of control, yet the disease
remains a challenge to diagnose in all species. Missed and delayed diagnosis is a major contributor to sustained
transmission and lack of control in both human and animal populations. Control of tuberculosis in this ex-situ sun
bear population, the largest in the world, is essential for public health, animal welfare and conservation reasons.
Historical reliance on passive detection of tuberculosis disease when sun bears developed clinical signs was
replaced in early 2017 with a strategy of active case finding, resulting in increased case detection. In consultation
with all stakeholders, a strategic approach was agreed on, aimed at eventual eradication of the disease. A risk
assessment tool was designed to identify sun bears at highest risk of infection and to prioritise resources and a
target group of animals for screening. Historical contact data for all cases was used to refine and re-apply the
assessment tool to rank all bears at the rescue centre and assist in scheduling ongoing surveillance for the disease.
The approaches to and challenges associated with diagnosis, control, and prevention of this disease in sun bears
will be covered.
Keywords: Cambodia, infectious disease, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Sun bear
Presenter: Kirsty Officer
Corresponding author: Kirsty Officer (kirsty.officer@gmail.com)