Open cut coal mining impact on the environment

2. Proceeding
The 4th
International Seminar of Environmental Engineering 2013
Advances in Sustainable Environmental Resource
Management and Sanitation Technology
Department of Environmental Engineering,
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
in collaboration with
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine,
Udayana University

3. The 4th
International Seminar of Environmental Engineering 2013
Proceeding
Advances in Sustainable Environmental Resource Management
and Sanitation Technology
Department of Environmental Engineering,
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
in collaboration with
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine,
Udayana University
Copyright © 2013 by Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh
Nopember, Indonesia.
Published and distributed by
Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya,
Indonesia.
October 2013
Cover: Department of Environmental Engineering ITS, 2013

5. The 4th
International Seminar on Environmental Engineering
Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University
iProceeding ISEE 2013
ISBN 978-602-95595-6-9
Welcome Speech of Organizing Committee of International
Seminar
Om Swastiastu.
and sincere greetings to all.
On behalf of the organizing committee, it is my distinct honor to welcome all of the participant
in the 4th
International Seminar on Environmental Engineering (ISEE). The ISEE is four-
yearly international seminar organized by Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut
Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya. And for this year, this seminar organized under
collaboration of Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh
Nopember and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University.
The main topic of the 4th
ISEE 2013 is Advances in Sustainable Environmental Resource
Management and Sanitation Technology. And it’s a great pleasure for us to have eight
outstanding keynote speakers this year came from Australia, Austria, Japan, Malaysia and
Indonesia as well.
This year, about total 160 participants has been registered, and 120 of the participants will
present their paper to share their expertise and experience on this two days seminar. We are
very pleased to have participants from researchers, lecturers, industrial practitioners, and
students that come from different countries include Iran, Jordan, Bangladesh, Philippine,
Malaysia and Indonesia.
The 4th
ISEE 2013 will be held in two days, 25 and 26 June 2013, in Widyasabha Usadha
Theather, Udayana University.
We do hope that all participants will have the constructive discussion during this seminar and
finally can give significant contribution to sustainable development in the future.
Thank you…
Om Shanti, Shanti, Shanti Om

6. The 4th
International Seminar on Environmental Engineering
Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University
ii Proceeding ISEE 2013
ISBN 978-602-95595-6-9
Welcome Address from Rector of Udayana University
Prof. Dr. dr. I Made Bakta, SpPD (KHOM)
Om Swastiastu.
Rector of Udayana University
Bali
and sincere greetings to all.
We are very honored to be the host for The 4th
International Seminar on Environmental
Engineering, that is organized under collaboration between Department of Environmental
Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember and School of Public Health, Faculty of
Medicine, Udayana University.
I would like to take the opportunity to thank Prof. Dr. Tri Yogi Yuwono, Rector of Institut
Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, for collaborating the successful conference and all keynote
speakers. I also would like to thank Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut
Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana
University, all the organizing and scientific committee members for their contribution to the
organization of this seminar. I hope this seminar will prove to be an inspiring and truly
transformative experience for you.
As the Rector of Udayana University, we continuously support the initiative from our civitas
academica that could enhance our real contribution directly to our people and in the same
time, could strengthen our international recognition through collaboration with other
universities. This conference is the sort of activities that complies both missions.
Finally, I would like to wish the conference a great success. I would also like to wish all
participants an enjoyable visit to Bali.
Thank you.
Om Shanti, Shanti, Shanti Om

7. The 4th
International Seminar on Environmental Engineering
Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University
iiiProceeding ISEE 2013
ISBN 978-602-95595-6-9
Welcome Speech from Rector of ITS
Prof. Dr. Ir. Tri Yogi Yuwono, DEA
Rector of Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Surabaya
Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb.,
Dear Distinguished guest, ladies and gentlemen,
It gives me great pleasure to welcome all the speakers, participants and distinguished guests
to the 4th International Seminar on Environmental Engineering at Udayana University, Bali. I
trust that you will find the conference informative and interesting, and hope that numerous
scientific discussions will be deliberated and friendship will bloom aswell.
I would like to express our highest appreciation to all keynote speakers who is willing to
share experiences in this conference, to our close partner Udayana University, particularly,
Prof. Dr. dr. I Made Bakta, SpPD (KHOM) Rector of Udayana University who has given us a
chance to collaborate and put his confident to make this conference possible.
I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to the
organizers of The 4th International Seminar on Environmental Engineering for their
commendable effort in organizing and conducting the conference, Department of
Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember and School of Public
Health, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, and also speakers as well as participants
for their distinctive role in making this seminar a success.
It is quite fascinating to learn that our colleagues from different universities have similar
interests and dedication. We appreciate every effort that has been put down by each of us,
with impudence expectation that we could share our knowledge in sustainable environmental
resource management and sanitation technology.
It is already known, the environmental issues are often triggered by ‘conservative factors’
such as increase in population growth and living standard. These factors would lead to
imbalance exploitation on natural resources that could eventually raise the number of
environmental pollutions in the following years. As a result, the natural resources would be
more vulnerable to devastation so that be unable to support the sustainable living. Another
common environmental issue in developing countries is lack of adequate sanitation facilities
for community. Poor sanitation contributes child deaths from diarrhea. chronic diarrhea can
also hinder child development by impeding the absorption of essential nutrients that are
critical to the development of the mind, body, and immune system. Therefore managing of
environmental resources and creating sanitation infrastructure will very important for our
future.
Finally, I would like to convey our gratitude to all participants, distinguished guests and
presenters that make this seminar a success. Have a nice and pleasant seminar.
Thank you.
Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.

8. The 4th
International Seminar on Environmental Engineering
Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University
iv Proceeding ISEE 2013
ISBN 978-602-95595-6-9
Reviewer
Prof. Ir. Wahyono Hadi, MSc, PhD (ITS-Surabaya)
Prof. Dr.Ir. Sarwoko Mangkoediharjo (ITS-Surabaya)
Prof. Dr. Yulinah Trihadiningrum, MAppSc (ITS-Surabaya)
Prof. Ir. Joni Hermana, MscES, Ph.D (ITS-Surabaya)
Prof. Jhy Chern Liu (NTUST-Taiwan)
Prof. Akimasa Fujiwara (Hiroshima-Japan)
dr. Putu Ayu Swandewi Astuti, MP, MPH (Udayana-Bali)
Ni Made Utami Dwipayanti, ST, MBEnv. (Udayana-Bali)
Editor
Advisor
Eddy Setiadi Soedjono
Chief Editor
Warmadewanthi
Editor
Ellina S.Pandebesie and I Gede Herry Purnama
Technical Editor
Arseto Yekti Bagastyo, Welly Herumurti, Sang Gede Purnama
Publisher Team
Susi Agustina Wilujeng, Beiby Voijant Tanggahu, Putu Ayu Indrayathi, Ali Masduqi, Alia
Damayanti, Hari Mulyawan, Made Ayu Hita Pretiwi, Assomadi, Alfan Purnomo, I Made
Kertaduana, Atiek Moesriati, Ni Ketut Sutiari

9. The 4th
International Seminar on Environmental Engineering
Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University
vProceeding ISEE 2013
ISBN 978-602-95595-6-9
Table of Content
Welcome Speech of Organizing Committee of International Seminar .......................................i
Welcome Address from Rector of Udayana University.............................................................ii
Welcome Speech from Rectorof ITS ......................................................................................iii
Reviewer..................................................................................................................................iv
Editor .......................................................................................................................................iv
Table of Content ...................................................................................................................... v
Keynote Speakers .................................................................................................................A
Capacity Building for Environmental Health Disaster Management ........................................ 1
Decentralised wastewater management as a measure to solve sanitation and water
resources problems in developing countries – the example of India ....................................... 6
Safety of Balinese Ethnic Foods: A Case Study on Dearrheal Outbreak in Karangasem
and Jembrana Bali................................................................................................................. 15
Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Surface Ozone in Urban Area: A Multilevel and
Structural Equation Model Approach..................................................................................... 21
Sustainable Waste Management Towards A Low Carbon Society........................................ 35
Water Treatment and Water Resource Management..........................................................B
River water quality evaluation for drinking water standard .................................................... 43
Experimental investigation of condensate production of air conditioners:quantity and
quality of condensate asdrinking water................................................................................. 57
Water resource management in Kupang – East Nusa Tenggara Province............................ 64
An Eco Drainage Concept For Drainage System In Surabaya .............................................. 70
Analyzing variability of the rainfall and discharge, for sustainable management of water
resources in the semi-arid area (Case Tilong Watershed, Indonesia)................................... 76
Ground water quality in Tanah Abang District, Jakarta; based on distribution patterns of
Escherichia coli...................................................................................................................... 86
Water quality monitoring at Soekarno Hatta Airport August 2011-July 2012 ......................... 93
The influence of hydrodynamics on the spread of pollutants in the confluence of two
rivers.................................................................................................................................... 100
(W S 01) Synthetic rubber ball as a high mobility tank which can save water in order to
solved clean water shortage in the evacuation area............................................................ 106
Spatial distribution of phytoplankton in Bali Strait ................................................................ 112
The effects of hypolimnetic aeration on the changes of ammonia in Lake Lido, Bogor,
West Java............................................................................................................................ 121
Technical review of coagulation-flocculation process in Babat Water Treatment Plant,
Lamongan Regency ............................................................................................................ 131
Roughing filter as pre-treatment of river water .................................................................... 138
The effectiveness of geotextile on slow sand filter in removing pollutant............................. 142
Evaluate the loss level of water and its handling method in company of drinking water
area (PDAM) Klaten Regency ............................................................................................. 149

10. The 4th
International Seminar on Environmental Engineering
Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University
ISBN 978-602-95595-6-9
Environmental Health and Environmental Modelling........................................................ C
Analysis of physical environment factor and prevention practice on lung tuberculosis
(Case in Kota Lama Sub District and Kelapa Lima Sub District 2011)................................. 157
The susceptable test of Aedes aegypti mosquito to malation and Aedes Aegypti larvae
to temefos (Abate) at Kupang City....................................................................................... 166
Spatial study of malaria at Oesao Village East Kupang Sub-district, Kupang Regency
East Nusa Tenggara Province ............................................................................................. 171
Health risk analysis of exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) on
scavengers of Alak Landfill Kupang in 2012 ........................................................................ 184
Informing the drinking water sector using health risk-based approach: Challenges in
application and policy implicationin Indonesia .................................................................... 193
Averted cost of poor sanitation: A driver for acceleration..................................................... 201
Improvement of Tropical Water Index for assessing a flood prone area.............................. 208
Environmental impacts identification of Jeneberang River Sand and gravel mining in
South Sulawesi .................................................................................................................... 216
Determining the coordinate of potentially pollutant sources in the confluence of two
rivers .................................................................................................................................... 224
Correlation of hidrodinamic with pollutant dispersion on confluence of two rivers ............... 231
Application of least square method for predicting sea level rise (Case study of Northern
and Western Coast Partof Surabaya) ................................................................................. 240
Optimalization design for a ceiling material on bank office (IT) in Surabaya........................ 248
Eco-drainage study at Metro Watershed Malang................................................................. 259
Study on the potential of application of environmental drainage system for overcoming
flood in the District of Batu-Batu City.................................................................................... 267
Technical assessment to optimize drainage at Bandengsari Sub Drainage System in
Pekalongan City................................................................................................................... 274
Strategy of the usage management of biotechnology using decision making method in
Indonesia ............................................................................................................................. 281
Models of fisheries management policy in the thousand islands ......................................... 292
Organochlorines risk analysis in human which consuming tilapia fish (Oreochromis
niloticus) from Saguling Reservoir ....................................................................................... 304
Wastewater Treatment and Management ........................................................................... D
Bacterial identification in hybrid membrane bioreactor of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)..... 317
Economic study development building component for house using waste midrib leaves
oil palm................................................................................................................................. 324
Utilization Mango Wood as Alternative Building Material in Making Cement Board ............ 332
Experimental Evaluation of Natural Refrigerant to Replace HCFC-22 in a Split-type Air
Conditioner for Energy Savings ........................................................................................... 345
Decolorization of dye (Remazol Red RGB) using Zeolite-TiO2 in textile wastewater
treatment.............................................................................................................................. 352
Chemical coagulation of partially treated (anaerobic) coffee wastewater ............................ 360
Effects of pH and C/N ratio Ammonium sulfate as nitrogen sources on biosurfactant
production by Azotobacter vinelandii ................................................................................... 366
vi Proceeding ISEE 2013

11. The 4th
International Seminar on Environmental Engineering
Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University
v
ii
Proceeding ISEE 2013
ISBN 978-602-95595-6-9
Phosphate recovery potential as struvite from laundry wastewater..................................... 376
Comparative study between on-site system and off-site system of sanitation access in
comunal scale...................................................................................................................... 381
C-AR 43 (Current Arrachis Hypogeae 43) ; innovation concept of toxic-free water
treatment for industrial waste water aquaculture areas through utilization of waste
actived carbon from peanut shell......................................................................................... 393
Biosorption of Lead (Pb) by Bacillus subtilis isolated from Scirpus grossus ........................ 398
Improving the Quality of Washing Fish Wastewater using Modified of Bio-Rack Wetland .. 405
Impact Comunal Waste Water Treatment Plan (CWWTP) to people welfare (Case
study: Gambiran and Gondolayu, Yogyakarta City) ............................................................ 416
Analysis of services quality to customer satisfaction of Denpasar Sewerage
Development Project (DSDP)in Denpasar.......................................................................... 426
Household waste bioreactor modification based on anaerobic decomposition ................... 431
Bioremoval of Zinc by Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Electroplating
Wastewater.......................................................................................................................... 440
Microorganism and Saccharomyces cereviceae addition enhanced methane production
of Water Hyacinth composting............................................................................................. 447
Strategy of domestic wastewater management development community-based in the
City District and Kalianget District Sumenep Regency ........................................................ 453
Post-mined (void) area solar energy potential at Tabalong, South Kalimantan................... 462
Quality improvement of tapioca wastewater by trickling filter............................................... 468
Bioremoval of Chromium by Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in
simulated electroplating wastewater.................................................................................... 477
The wastewater treatment of chicken slaughterhouse by using submerged upflow
anaerobic biofilter ................................................................................................................ 484
Evaluation of domestic wastewater management in The Boulevard Area of Manado
City....................................................................................................................................... 491
Technical analysis of communal wastewater treatment plant system in Bantul District ....... 497
Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, and Phytoremediation...................................E
Effect of artificial aeration on Scirpus mucronatus growth in diesel contaminated-sand
phytoremediation................................................................................................................. 503
The management of sustainable development: Malaysian Local Government’s Role......... 511
Open cut coal mining activities impact on the environment ................................................. 521
The Study of DeGraDaSi (Anggle Degree, Gradien, Distance, Stem Diameter)
Mangrove Rhizopora apiculata’s as Ecoturism Development Based on Mangrove
RhizophoraChitecture (MRaC) ............................................................................................ 529
The effect of reduced impact logging to opened areas in natural tropical forest, East
Kalimantan........................................................................................................................... 534
Identification of transferring system on municipal solid waste management in Bandung
City....................................................................................................................................... 539
Evaluation of communal municipal solid waste treatment facilities in Sukabumi City,
Indonesia ............................................................................................................................. 548
Biogas production and digestate potential of the anaerobic digestion of paper sludge ....... 557
Proceeding ISEE 2013 vii

12. The 4th
International Seminar on Environmental Engineering
Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University
ISBN 978-602-95595-6-9
Estimation of methane generation from Sanitary Landfill Banjardowo District
Jombang, Indonesia by US EPA LandGEM Model and Triangular Model ................ 558
Evaluation of municipal solid waste collection and transportation at Northern Area of
Bandung City ....................................................................................................................... 566
Potential pollution prediction of solid waste treatment with using plasma gasification
method (Case study: Benowo Landfill, Surabaya) ............................................................... 576
Solid waste composition and greenhouse gas potential from solid waste in Gubeng
Distric Surabaya................................................................................................................... 581
Evaluation of solid waste transfer and transport facilities in East Surabaya ........................ 587
Solid waste transportation system in Kupang City............................................................... 595
Evaluation of solid waste transportation in the study area of Semarang.............................. 601
Evaluation of solid waste transportation in Bengkulu........................................................... 607
Evaluation of land requirement and municipal solid waste transfer depo in urban spatial
planning (Case Study: Sukabumi City) ................................................................................ 613
Hospital hazardous solid waste management in Surabaya City, Indonesia......................... 620
Household hazardous waste characteristic and management studies in Tangerang,
Banten.................................................................................................................................. 626
Air Pollution Control, Global Warming Mitigation-Adaptation ..........................................F
Design of Neo-Local West Sumatera Stove for boiling Gambir (Uncaria Gambir Roxb.) .... 633
Study of Local West Sumatera Stove performances in boiling Gambir (Uncaria Gambir
Roxb.) .................................................................................................................................. 640
Integrating greenhouse gas mitigation and bioremediation at the livestock sector .............. 646
Gaseous sulfur sorbent regeneration using CO2 for gasification process............................ 653
Increasing influence of dry scrubber Ca(OH)2 to reduce SO2 emissions at PT Cement
XYZ ...................................................................................................................................... 658
Impact of future climate change on water availability in Kupang City .................................. 664
Emissions of NOx and particles P10 from highway.............................................................. 673
Quality of emission improvement and fuel saving on motor vehicles using electrolyzer ...... 679
Increasing of Carbon dioxide removal by environmental conditions modification of
green microalgae Ankistrodesmus sp. cultivated in photobioreactor ................................... 689
Mapping of greenhouse gas (CO2) due to domestic energy and household electricity

13. @F "",]lH"1l"rHifffiifffi;iffiii{fi{ili"#fr1t*i.#Jr+sf"*", o
Open Cut Coal Mining Activities lmpact On The Environment
Rudy Hendrawan Noor *
Program of Mining Engineeing, Akademi Teknik Pembangunan Nasional (AT?N) Banjarbaru
Jl. E. P.M. Noor No. 10 Banjarbaru-South Kalimantan 70714
rudyhe n dnwa n 2 I @g m a iL co m
Abstact
coal mining is very useful for industry and etectrical energy for a/, soclors of society also
have an impact on the environment. coal mining activities are expected to lead io the
potential impact is generally summed up in four stages namely the pre-construction phase,
construction phase, opentional phase, and the postoperative phase. The prc-construction
activities include socialization, acceptance labor, and land acquisition. ihe construcrion
phase includes the mobitization of equipment and materiat procurement, tand clearing,
construction of infnstnrcture and facilities prc-mining, inftastructure and pre-construction
suppoft facilities. operational phase includes activities and handting of iopsoil stripping,
trenching and ovehurden removal, excavation or mining of coal, coat processing, coil
hauling, stockpiling coal, mine water draining, reclamation and revegetation, the opera[nn of
facilities_and infrastructue, regional development and empowermeit of curmunities through
CSR Posfoperative phase include reclamation and rcvegetation of mined laid,
demobilization of equipment, termination.
Scoping process of determining the s@pe of the project studies the impact of coal mining
and priorities impoftant to the rhree sfages, namely: identif,cation of potential impacts, impact
evaluation and pioitization of potential significant impad.s.
Environmental components that wiil be affected by aal mining is the physical and chemicat
components that include climate, air quality, noise and vibration, physiography and
geomorphology, land and space, soil hydrology and hydrcgeotogy, and water quatity.
Another component is the component that includes the biological aquatic and terrestiat
biota. S@ial component includes demognphic, sacio4conomic, socio-cultural, attitudes and
perceptions, as well as public health.
The most impoftant impact of hypothetical major coal mining by open pit methods are
changes in land use, air and water quality degndation, the landscape change, dectining soil
quality and feftility, increased erosion and sedimentation, and water changes in tenestrial
communities, socio-economic changes communities, and health deterioratbn affeded
communities.
Keywords: coal , mining, environment
Prcceedi,tg ISEE 2013
tsBN 978-ffi2-9559+6-9
477

14. D "",rif"1::iTi$,*Fil1,'i:"ffii{{ff1j;"ffr:ffi!=ifii+:$;'.", €)
Open Cut Coal Mining Activities lmpact On The Environment
The lndonesian goyellment policy in meeting the electricity needs of the country through
cross program of 10,000 MW coal plant in lndonesia as well as to meet the needs of in
industry in general needs to be met by coal mining activaties. This is supported by the
resources and reserves are quite large spread in lndonesia, and particularly on Kalimintan
and Sumatra (Figure 1).
ln general, coal mining is a widespread soil demolition ac.tivities that u/ould alter the condition
cf the vegetation, top soil and soil bottom layer (sub-soil). Thus will change the landscape in
bcations where there is coal underneath. lmpact activities that occur only in the mining and
mined land and if managed well will be used for other purposes at ihe end of mining.
llowever, realize also that during mining activities take place, usually there will be
environmental degradation, both components of the geophysical environment-chemical,
lio*cgical and social components and public health associated with the mining business. This
inpac{ is generally negative, except for the impact on the social componentsihat may still be
pcitive if the management gives a positive contribution to the well-being of communities
aound the mine.
cel mining is very useful for industry and electrical energy for all sectors of society also
have an impact on the environment. The existence of mal mining ac{ivities, when viewed
tqn the environmental management policy will have an impact dual negative and positive
inpacis.
Irpads arising from mining planning, such as measurement of boundaries Mining ended up
dtvities. Potential impacts of preconstruction activities such as employment ind zoning
fiiE footprint area in relation to the possession of territory and licensing process, while at
fie time of construction, the employment activities and infrastructure development for both
foduction and support can have an impact on the environment component.
h the post construction stage (op€rational), the mining and transport of coal, also have an
.rTact on the environment component, whereas at the time post-operation, the effects may
f arise, especially in the reclamation activities and termination.
one of the important things to consider in the preparation of the environmental impact
Gessment of coal mining is conformance with the spatial location of District and Provincial
Sp6tal established government.
To implement the concept of environmentally sound mining, one of the steps taken is to obey
J bws and regulations relating to the environment set by the government. ln preparing the
Erwironmental lmpact Assessment document in accordance with the lndonesian
Regulation No.. 27 of 1999 on Environmental lmpact Assessment and Decision
the Minister of Environment No.11 of 2006 concerning Types of Business and / or
Requiring an Environmental lmpact Assessment. At this regulation stated that coal
iE operations with production of> 1,000,000 tons per year or broad licensing (Kp)> 200
e required to prepare a document for the Environmental lmpac{ Assessment (ElA).
Ptp€eedh]g ISEE 2013
,saN 978-602-9559t&9

15. D
The 4th lnternational Seminar on Environmental Engineering
Department of Environmental Engineering, lnstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University
Open Cut Coal Mining Activities lmpact On The Environment
-lre lndonesian government policy in meeting the electricity needs of the country through
toss program of 10,000 MW coal plant in lndonesia as well as to meet the needs of an
riustry in general needs to be met by coal mining activities. This is supported by the
€sources and reserves are quite large spread in lndonesia, and particularly on Kalimantan
and Sumatra (Figure 1).
. general, coal mining is a widespread soil demolition activities that would alter the condition
J the vegetation, top soil and soil bottom layer (sub-soil). Thus will change the landscape in
ocations where there is coal underneath. lmpact activities that occur only in the mining and
rined land and if managed well will be used for other purposes at the end of mining.
nowever, realize also that during mining activities take place, usually there will be
e.vironmental degradation, both components of the geophysical environment-chemical,
rological and social components and public health associated with the mining business. This
mpact is generally negative, except for the impact on the social components that may still be
:ositive if the management gives a positive contribution to the well-being of epmmunities
around the mine.
Soal mining is very useful for industry and electrical energy for all sectors of society also
-ave an impact on the environment. The existence of coal mining activities, when viewed
rcm the environmental management policy will have an impact dual negative and positive
mpacts.
mpacts arising from mining planning, such as measurement of boundaries Mining ended up
activities. Potential impacts of preconstruction activities such as employment and zoning
-line footprint area in relation to the possession of territory and licensing process, while at
re time of construclion, the employment activities and infrastructure development for both
roduction and support can have an impact on the environment component.
n the post construction stage (operational), the mining and transport of coal, also have an
mpact on the environment component, whereas at the time post-operation, the effects may
still arise, especially in the reclamation activities and termination.
One of the important things to consider in the preparation of the environmental impact
assessment of coal mining is conformance with the spatial location of District and Provincial
Spatial established government.
To implement the concept of environmentally sound mining, one of the steps taken is to obey
all laws and regulations relating to the environment set by the government. ln preparing the
Environmental lmpact Assessment document in accordance with the lndonesian
Government Regulation No.. 27 of 1999 on Environmental lmpact Assessment and Decision
of the Minister of Environment No.11 of 2006 concerning Types of Business and / or
Activities Requiring an Environmental lmpact Assessment. At this regulation stated that coal
mining operations with production ob 1,000,000 tons per year or broad licensing (KP)> 200
ha are required to prepare a document for the Environmental lmpac{ Assessment (ElA).
Proceediry ISEE 2013
/sBN 9 Z8-602-9559$6-9
I

16. @ "",1,1H"1:"li:iff*:[ili*H"ft{r;Triin#:Tf,'fi"s:'&",", o
Other rules are also referred to in the preparation of this document is the Decree of the
Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of lndonesia No..
1457.W24MEM12000 Technical Guidelines on the Preparation of EIA for activities in the field
of Mining and Energy. With the establishment of EIA documents, the company will be able to
implement environmentally sound mining practices, namely by controlling the negative
impacts and maximize positive impacts.
fuffiis,161 Bt
Figure 1. Resource Conditions and coal reserves in lndonesia
Source: Geological Agency, 2012 (www.ristek.go.id)
Sing activities are generally divided into four (4) phases of activity, ie, the pre-construction,
@nstruction, operational and post-operational.
?re€onstruction phase
This phase is intended to prepare the project site area is planned for other activities at the
qrstruction stage. Pre-construction phase begins with socialization, land acquisition
srdidate, followed by the recruitment and mobilization of equipment.
l-1 The socialization, socialization of business plans and / or activities to the community
about the poect plan be implemented either through the media or directly to the
surrounding community.
Acquisition and Land Acquisition, land location determination coal mining plans under
consideration: the results of an exploratory study; area is a location plan of the ground
state and in accordance with the District Spatial Planning and the Provincial Spatial
Planning and Ministry of Forestry Republic of lndonesia 435 Years 2009; located not at
the location of protected forest.
Acceptance of Labor, the number of workers needed to support operations in accordance
with the mine plan, to administrative staff numbers are relatively fixed over the life of
mine, while for the staff involved in the direct mining operations, primarily for equipment
Reserves : 28 Bt
Lltnlte :36 %
Stlbbltumlnous :58 96
Bituminou. & Anihrlclr.: 5 %
479

17. D
The 4th lnternational Seminar on Environmental Engineering
Department of Environmental Engineering, lnstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University
operators tailored to the amount of equipment that must be operated. organizational
structure of the worKorce can be as simple as illustrated in Figure 2.
Figure 2. General organizational structure of a coal mining company
'1.4 Mobilization of Equipment, ln mobilizing the equipment required some supporting
equipment such as cranes low vouy (trailler) and passing other vehicles on the roads
wide enough. Equipment used during the construction of mining infrastructure relatively
less use of heavy equipment. The equipment used for mining operations are mechanical
equipment, ie bulldozer as a means of land clearing and stripping (back hoe) as an
excavator and dump truck unloading and tools as a means of conveyance. Equipment
used during the construction of mining infrastructure is relatively small when compared
with the heavy equipment used in mining operations stage.
Construc'tion phase
Plan activities that will be canied out at this stage is the construclion of access roads and the
construction of supporting facilities.
2.1 Road Construction
Construction of a road linking the work surface with landfill mver soil. Mine road to 2 lane
carriage prepared tipping trucks with a maximum speed of 40 km / hour. Truckloads speed
should not exceed 25 km / h road around the bend.
2.2 Construction of Supporting Facilities
Provision of support is necessary to support the mining operations that can be run as
planned. The facility is planned to be built and also the supporting facilities are workshops,
offices, employee housing, security posts, clinics, water tanks, fuel tanks, diesel power
generators, dewatering systems, and means of communication networks.
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Operations phase
Mining activities canied out by the conventional cycle using a combination of tools for digging
bulldozer, backhoe for digging and loading, as well as the dump truck for transport. This
method has the flexibility and selectivity in the excavation, as well as the availability of both
the type and size of the market.
Mining activities each year consists of land clearing activities first, followed by the
excavation, loading and transporting the same time. lt means that during land clearing
activities continue to take place and after a sufficient area of land cleared and safe for the
workplace excavator, the digging activities begin. This activity was followed by loading and
haulage activities, both coal and overburden.
Plan activities in the operational phase include: clearing land; topsoil handling; excavation,
loading and transportation of overburden; excavation, loading and transportation of coal, as
well as operational support facilities.
3.1 Land clearing, these activities include tree felling and wood cutting, pruning bushes and
shrubs.
3.2. Topsoil stripping, stripping topsoil with an average thickness of 1.2 meters is done with
Bulldozer then collected in piles at the dump top soil, in order to further use later on when the
reclamation activities.
3.3. Excavation, Loading and Transport overburden
Excavation operations in the form of overburden soil cover and interburden, done using
excavators and bulldozers assisted with. For weak to moderate material, can excavator
digging and loading directly into the dump truck. As for the hard materials, bulldozers will
help decipher the material, before excavated and loaded by excavator. Use the bulldozer
ripper will be tailored to the needs of material decomposition operation.
Overburden stripping for mine done carefully and consider the safety factor due to the work
surface is relatively steep. Designed so that the slope is quite appropriate geotechnical
analysis of 50" - 63"). Landfill cover soil can be divided into two, namely: dump inside and
outside the dump.
3.4 Coal excavation
Open pit mining methods take into account the form of mal deposits, coal deposits spread,
the slope of the coal seam, and topography.
3.5 Mine water dewatering
Surface water can lead to erosion of the slope flops, haul roads and haul roads softening.
Ground water resulting in reduced shear strength of rock and soil, so that the pit slope
instability require flatter slopes.
Mine water can also lead to the lifting of incline from the bottom floor of the mine pit, as well
as water seepage slopes causes erosion. For system level (benching) needed a safe slope
stability.
Proceectitlg ISEE 2o13
tsBN 978-&2-9559s69
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19. /Sa The 4th lnternational Seminar on Environmental Enoineerino A
W] Oepartment of Environmental Engineering, lnstitut Teknologi SepJtun ruop#Oer lry
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University
On the whole pit will be created along the channel draining the mine area. Channel draining
ponds will be drained into the first pit is provided at each location which is located not far by
any mine openings. Furthermore, from the first storage pond (settling pond) water and mining
activities flowed into settling ponds second and third, until the condition of the acidity of the
water to neutral (pH = 6-9) and then flowed into the nearest body of water, or used for the
purposes of mining activities back .
This aqueduct serves to drain the water that is in the top level to the bottom mine so there is
no standing water in the upper level which can affect the stability of slopes.
Of the established channels flowed into a settling pond consists of 3 squares, with a depth of
approximately 2 meters, the length of each tub of 15 meters and width of 10 meters. lt is
adapted to conditions on the ground. At first tub of water entering physically deposited (input
Coagulant Alum (Al2 (SO4) 1 if there are many levels of particles or solids contained in the
waste, then from the first tub bath into the second which is chemically treated with the
addition of lime (Ca (OH)'?) as a neutralizing pH and the third is biological. As its image as
exemplified (Ficture 3).
Compa^ement IICompartement tII Compartement I
Figure 3. Sketch ot Mine Water Shelter
3.6 Loading and Transportation of Coal
The activities include the loading and transportation of coal. The coal transportation activities
will have an impact on the environmental aspects of the geophysical-chemical form of
change or a decrease in air quality and noise. Air quality will decline, especially in the dry
season when the streets where trucks transport coal potential blow dry dust during transport
vehicles pass. Whereas the noise problems will occur due to coal transport vehicle using a
large truck that has implications for the impacts on terrestrial flora and fauna, attitudes and
perceptions and the potential for disease transmission. Transporting coal by truck which
resulted in noise and air quality deterioration caused by dust can be replaced with a
conveyor belt system.
Proceeding ISEE 2013
tsBN 97 8-602-9559*69

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3.7 Operation Supporting Facilities
The activities include operations some supporting facilities, such as workshops, employee
dormitory, offices, power plants, as well as mining and other processing facilities. lmpact of
thb activity b the reduciion of ak quality, noise, hydrology and hydrogeology, and water
qrfty Oegrdatidr are implicated in changes to aquatic biota, the formation of public
Fcrptirls and atihrdes ard changes to the public health aspects.
aB n€{F.d Der€lopfiEfit and Community Empowerment
ftagrJn d regidral developrnent and community empowerment in the mining of coal is as a
bd of scbl U-ansformation of society and as a form of implementation of corporate social
resporsitt lity (CSR).
Pct€porations Phase
4.1 Teminatbn of Empbyrnent, Termination is a thing that cannot be avoided at the end of
ml production aciivities.
4.2 Redamation and revegetation, reclamation and revegetation activities conducted in the
area of vrcrk that has been done taking coal. Reclamation priority at this stage in the work
areas that have eritensive and wide front ivorking in the direction of progress of mining.
Scoping
Scoftng process of determining the scop€ and priorities important impact study conduc{ed
three phases, namely, the identification of potential impacts, impact evaluation and
prioritization of potential significant impacts.
Proceeding ISEE 2013
tsBN 978-602-95596G9
Desciption of
the plan of
actirities
Eart-"
Entironnental
Outlook
Identification of
potential
impact s
Imponant
prioritl'
hlpotbetical
impect
de$i$s*ips
and prioritl'
sldsilis* or
poteudal
impacts
Figure 4. General Flowchart Scoping
483

21. The 4h lnternational Seminar on Environmental Engineering
Departrnent of Environmental Engineering, lnstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University
Environmental components that will be affected by coal mining is the physical and chemical
components that include climate, air quality, noise and vibration, physiography and
geomorphology, land and space, soil, hydrology and hydrogeology, and water quality.
Another component is the component that includes the biological aquatic and tenestrial
biota. Social component includes demographic, socio-economic, socio-cuhural, attitudes and
perceptions, as well as public health.
lmportant lmpac{ Priority hypothetical
a. Changes in Land Use. Activities of land clearing, stripping topsoil and overburden in
mining operations and mine management infrastructure in post-mining activities will
change the fabric of space.
b. Decline in water quality. Significant impact on water quality is the continued impact of
changes in hydrology and other environmental components as the negative impacts
caused by land clearing aclivities, stripping topsoil and overburden stripping, water
draining operation of the mine and support facilities.
c. Decllne in air quality. Land clearing activities, coal mining, coal transport, the activity of
motor vehicles and heaw equipment for mining activities is one of the priorities of the
significant impacts that need to be studied, because the activity of a relatively large
decrease environmental quality.
d. Landscape change. Significant impac{ on the form of the physiographic landscape
change (topography and morphology) and increase the potential for landslides.
Significant negative impact on physiographic o@urs because the activities of top soil
stripping, stripping overburden and coal excavation operation phase.
e. Declining soil quality and fertility. Significant impact on the ground in the form of a
change in physical and chemical properties of soil, soil fertility due to activities in the
operational phase, the activities of land clearing, topsoil stripping, stripping of
overburden, coal excavation, despite the improvement in the postoperative phase as a
result of reclamation and revegetation.
f. lncreased erosion and sedimentation. Land clearing and excavation activities, causing
the land to be open. ln the rainy season the situation easily eroded, especially in the
areas of deposits and peelings in the mine area.
g. Ghanges in tensstrial and aquatic biota communlty. Significant impacts on tenestrial
biota in the form of a change in the population and habitat of flora and fauna which is
mainly caused by land clearing activities, topsoil stripping, stripping overburden and coal
excavation and is expected to give effec't to the decrease in species diversity and relative
abundance of aquatic organisms.
h. Socio+conomic changes in society. Significant positive impact on the socio e@nomic
activities caused by land acquisition, recruitment and development of CSR activities,
whereas significant negative impact brought about by the dismissal of the employee.
Proceeding ISEE 2013
lsaN 978-602-9559&&9

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i. Decline in the quality of public health. An important impact on public health in the
form of a change in the pattern of the pain which is the cumulative impact of almost all
mining activities. This activity resulted in environmental degradation, especially public
health and an increased prevalence of the disease and decrease the intensity of
environmental sanitation.
Conclusion
The most important impact of hypothetical major coal mining by open pit methods are
changes in land use, air and water quality degradation, the landscape change, declining soil
quality and fertility, increased erosion and sedimentation, and water changes in terrestrial
mmmunities, socio-economic changes communities, and health deterioration affected
communities.
References
Hadi, S.P., 2002. Aspek Sosial AMDAL: Sejarah, Teori dan Metode. Gadjah Mada
University. Press, Yogyakarta.
Govemment Regulation no. 27, 1999 of the Republic of lndonesia on Environmental lmpact
Assessment.
Decree of the Minister of Environment No.11 of 2006 concerning Types of Business and / or
Activities Requiring Environmental lmpact Assessment.
Hartman. H.L. 1987. lntroductory Mining Engineering . Wiley, New York.
Law No.4 of 2009 Republik lndonesia concerning mineral and coal mining.
Sudarsono, A., 2003. Pengantar Preparasi dan Pencucian Batubara,lTB press, Bandung.
Mucfijidin. 20O6. Pengendalian Mutu Dalem lndustri Batubara,lTB press, Bandung.
Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2004. National Coal Policy 2004-
2020. Department of Energy and Mineral Resources, Jakarta.
Soernaryroto. O. 2003. AnalisiJ Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan, 10 k ed. Gadjah Mada
Universrty Press. Yogyakarta.
Suratrno. Gunarman. 2@4. Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan, 10
e ed. Gadjah Mada
University Press. Yogyakarta.
Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of lndonesia No..
1457.K281MEM12000 Technical Guidelines on the Preparation of EIA for activities in
the field of Mining and Energy.
Proceeding lsEE 2013
/sBN 978-602-95595-6-9
485