This article discussed the month of Ramadan. Various prospects of starting and ending of month will be discussed. The acts and observatories of starting and ending Ramadan are discussed in this article.

1. Start and End of Month of Ramadan
Accordingto the majorityof Ulma,the monthof Ramadan beginswhenthe monthof Sha'banreached
thirtyfull days,orwhenthe newmoonis seen,if onlybyone personof integritybecauseof the hadeeth
narratedby Abdullahibn'Umar,may Allahbe pleasedwithhim. He saidinthe hadith: “People began to
scan the horizon in search of the new moon (of Ramadan). Iinformed theProphet (PeaceBeUpon Him) I
sawthis moon. He fasted and ordered thepeopleto fast. "(AbuDawood).
Anothergroupof Ulma believesthatthe <a href="http://www.qurantutorlive.com">beginningof
Ramadan</a> cannotbe confirmedbythe sightingof the new moonby twopersonsof integrityas isthe
case forthe newmoon of the monthof Shawwal. Theyare basedonthe hadeethof 'Abdal-Rahmanibn
Zayd who,doubtingthe beginningof Ramadangave aspeechandsaid: "Irubbedthe Companionsof the
Prophet(Peace Be uponHim) andtheytoldme that the Prophet (Peace Be uponHim) hadsaid:
“Fast when you see the newmoon (of Ramadan)and breakyourfastwhen you seethenew moon (of
Shawwal). If cloudspreventyou see,considerthemonth laststhirty days. And completethepilgrimage
and sacrifice according to this observation. If two justwitnessesand Muslimsobservethenew moon,
fastand breakyourfastaftertheir sighting of thenew moon."(Ahmed).
There isalso the hadithof the Emir of Makah,al-HarithibnHatib,whosaid: " The Prophet(PeaceBe
Upon Him) ordered us to performthepilgrimageand sacrifice upon thesighting of thenew moon. If we
do not observeand integratetwo witnessesobserve,weadaptourrites according to their
observation."(AbuDawood).
Majorityof Ulma howeverarguesthatthe observationof the twowitnessesisrequiredinthe case
where the observationof asingle personisnotexpressedverballyandexplicitly,inthe case where that
personwavedhishandfromthe top of a mountain. If,however,thispersonverballytestifiesshe
observedthe newmoon,histestimonymustbe acceptedasthe oral testimonyismore credible.
PendingthatIslamicstatesagree onthe methodtobe followed,eachpopulationshouldfastaccording
to whatis establishedbythe State towhichit belongs. Itshouldnotbe dividedintotwogroups,one
that conformsto whatis establishedbythe state,andanothergroupwhodidnot comply,andfollowing
anotherState where the fastbeginsbefore orafterbecause itbroadensthe circle of differences. It'sthe
same for a personwhoseesonlythe new moon,itmustnot onlyfastany givenhadithof the Prophet
(Peace Be uponHim):
“The day of yourfastis when you fasttogether,and theday of breaking thefastis when you breakyour
fasttogether,and theday of Eid al-Adha iswhen you celebrate togethertheday of al-Adha"(Tirmidhi,
withsimilarterms).
Accordingto scientists,thismeansthatwe mustfastandbreakthe fastwithall Muslims,butone that is
inan isolatedareawhere there isnoone else thathe shouldfastwhenobserve the new moonbecause
there isthat alone at thispoint.

2. Summary: This article discussedthe monthof Ramadan.Variousprospectsof startingandendingof
monthwill be discussed.The actsandobservatoriesof startingandendingRamadanare discussedin
thisarticle.