The Souls Of Black Folk

The Souls Of Black Folk
1. 'What after all, am I? Am I an American or am I a Negro? Can I be both?' (Du Bois, 1897).
Discuss.
As a Mexican–American, Du Bois' quote, "What after all, am I? Am I an American or am I Negro?
Can I be both?" (1897) is something I have personally struggled with all my life. This question can
be answered in two different time periods. To Du Bois the ideal, what Negroes should strive for,
would be to be both. But in his time this was impossible due to institutionalized and taught racism.
Today I feel like it is possible to be both; however it is not exactly what I feel Du Bois had in mind.
Du Bois argues in his book The Souls of Black Folk, that the gap between being black and American
is far too wide. This is not an unjustified view especially in his time period, where laws were set in
place purposely to prevent equality of the freedman. But even today, where those laws are no longer
in place, a non–white American is too ethnic to be American and is simultaneously too American to
be ethnic. Du Bois entertains the idea of a Negro being both black and American but unfortunately
his blackness cannot be unseen. However from personal experience, I am convinced that today
ethnic Americans have created their own identity where they are not exclusively either, and they are
not both, they are their own individual category. Not black or white, or black and white, but grey. In
this essay I will explore what race is, whiteness, and blackness. Within the discussion of race, I will
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The Events That Shaped My Life
This paper explores the events that shaped my life up until this point. The paper analyzes
experiences that I have had in my short 19 years alive. I delve into the particulars of being raised in
a broken home by my mother. Also being addressed is how that event altered my outlook on people
and life. Being black is not just about the color of someone's skin. There is a responsibility that
comes with it. During different stages of my life, things have occurred bringing my closer to
realizing my responsibility as a black person. The paper also demonstrates my willingness to
become an aware Black person. Eleanor Roosevelt once wisely said, "People grow through
experience if they meet life honestly and courageously. This is how character is built." Experiences
that I have been through shaped my character, but they shaped the very essence of my being. We all
are shaped by our experiences in our lives. And the memories, good and bad, have forever
transformed our viewpoint towards our lives and on the way to our future. I am progressing as a
young black woman whom is full of knowledge. The only way to tell if you have gained knowledge
is through experience. This does not mean that I have a totally Africentric view on the world just
yet, but with gaining knowledge on the world, I will get there. I have used my experiences as a
young child, preteen, and adolescent to aid me becoming a more aware Lisa Glasper. A little girl's
first and true love is supposed to be her father. In

Compare and Contrast of “Sonny’s Blues” and “Everyday Use”...
Compare and Contrast of "Sonny's Blues" and "Everyday Use" These two stories "Sonny's Blues"
written by James Baldwin and "Everyday Use" written by Alice Walker are both examples of
struggle for African American people. These two authors Alice Walker and James Baldwin are both
African Americans. Through their writings both writers wanted to critique, analyze and assess the
culture that they belong to. In each of the two short stories, "Sonny's Blues" and "Everyday Use,"
allow people who read these stories to make discoveries of the lives of African American families.
These people who are apart of these families have to live in society and be able to deal with
struggles and difficulties around them from being equal but separate at the ... Show more content on
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Sonny had learned his own ways to deal with the "ambiguity and irony of Negro life" since leaving
prison. Sonny had discovered a way to find his freedom that worked best for him and that was
through music. He started to play Bebop. By playing his music he let go of his frustrations that came
with being another unsafe black person living in this place. His father would always be negative to
his mother when she would bring up the idea of wanting to move to another neighborhood. He
would think that any place they could move to would be the same and all be unsafe for children and
for anybody. Through playing and being a part of music Sonny had discovered a solution to his
marginalization and being left alone from his own society. Sonny was able to reconnect with African
Diaspora by learning to play blues music and Bepop. He was then able to escape the social and
economic issues that he faced living in the ghetto which also allows this reconnection to represent
his roots. This music was his solution and only way that Sonny could feel free. When Sonny would
play blues, his brother and many other people were able to understand and also through his music he
could help them be free too. In contrast of "Everyday Use" written by Alice Walker, the use of her
character Dee discovers a different and special way to make a description of what Baldwin calls the
"ambiguity and irony of Negro life." Dee really did not want to resemble her

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Essay
The Effects of One Person Upon The World From an apprehensive child growing up in a small town
in Arkansas, Maya Angelou has evolved into an influential, wise, and respected woman. She has
overcome obstacles and has grown into one of the élite intellectual people of this country, and
perhaps the world. Along her numerous struggles, various people have given her positive guidance
and passed down their knowledge to her. Among these people was Mrs. Bertha Flowers, a person in
which Maya respected greatly. She was a dignified person that Maya could strive to achieve the
gratitude that Mrs. Flowers gave to the people around her, a sense of appreciation. In her life story, I
Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Maya Angelou attributes her ... Show more content on
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In addition to the importance of voice, Mrs. Flowers opened Maya’s to literature, and the
knowledge it brings. Earlier in Angelou’s life, she was interested in comics and some poetry,
but now a new outlook was imposed upon her, the power literature. This discovery changed her life
drastically. From a child who once wished for a super hero to rescue her from the monster who was
molesting her, Maya now realized the truth and what can be solved through knowledge and what
can’t be solved through imagination. Consequently, Maya began reading classic novels such
as A Tale of Two Cities. Thus, her love for books began. She had always understood poetry greatly;
especially for a poor black child who received a limited education, but never made the connection
that a novel would and put it into perspective to the reality of life. With all of this understanding and
appreciation in regard to literature, Maya became the acclaimed author that she is today.
Furthermore, Mrs. Flowers influenced Maya to be the proud, black woman she is today. She saw
Mrs. Flowers as, “…the aristocrat of Stamps…She was our side’s
answer to the richest white woman in town.” Maya wasn’t afraid to hold her head up
and let it face the sun. She became a Black person, instead of a Negro. In addition, Maya saw the
similarities in races through Mrs. Flowers. She wore ivory gloves, which were only worn by the

Racial Tension Between Black And White Americans
Jenifer Coderko
History 7B
Professor Matthews
November 11 2014
Essay 4
The term "The Negro Problem" was used throughout the 1950 's and 60 's as a slang description of
the racial tension between black and white Americans. The two essays in "The Fire Next Time" talk
about the problem that the African American community faced, but from different perspectives. The
author is writing to his nephew and is trying to make him understand that the situation is intolerable
and not likely to change. He suggests that instead of reacting from a place of anger and hate, that the
nephew should fight and strive to change the situation rather than confronting it violently. That his
nephew and even the community as a whole should try to almost outsmart the whites by being the
opposite of what they think of them. To prove them wrong and hopefully change the way they are
looked at. He suggests a change of attitudes on both sides, to spread love and understanding instead
of hate and animosity.
Baldwin grew up on the streets of Harlem; he began to realize the all of the temptations such as sex
and drugs was all around him. In order not to give into these temptations, he went to the church in
the hopes it would give him some insight on what to do. Eventually Baldwin sadly realized that the
church was not preaching the idea of love to everyone, but only to the ones who believed in the
same things they did. "It is not too much to say that whoever wishes to become a truly moral human
being ...must

The Brutality Of The Police Force
Police Misconduct The brutality of the police force has been a long worldwide problem, but
especially between the years of 2012–2016. Black people are being unjustly beaten and shot in plain
sight for doing nothing while being unarmed. Journal of African American Studies "Blacks are
viewed as deserving of harsh treatment in the criminal justice system" (482). "Black males with
more "Afrocentric" features may receive longer sentences than blacks with less Afrocentric features
like lighter skin and straighter hair"(482). Nowadays it is important to know about the police force.
It's important to know our rights as citizens and be careful around cops. Not everybody is good, but
not everybody is bad also. In The New York Amsterdam News 21 people were killed by Chicago
police in 2008. Entire families were being attacked. They believe it's because of their skin color and
how they are different. The year of racism started off with the world seeing the police murder of
Oscar Grant. "The media have pushed people away from hearing the issue of police brutality, and it
has fallen off of the radar screen."(2) "You can't give in. They will try to make an example out of
you, try to break your spirit!"(2) African Americans say do not trust the cops with anything. "They
will ruin you."(2) Technology has shaped the large social movement. #BlackLivesMatter has been a
useful and positive tool in 2015 and in 2016. In the Social Media Helps Black Lives Matter Fight
the Power it talks about how

Palmas Del Mar
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Palmas del Mar History
What is now Palmas del Mar Conference Resort Hotel began as San Antonio Beach Resort in the
late '60s. The resort had a salt–water pool and a children's playground plus horseback riding, fishing,
and boating as added attractions. Always free was a walk along the narrow break–water, an activity
that was fun, wet, and challenging, especially during stormy weather.
The main structure of the present club–house was constructed and new freshwater pools were built
in the early '70s, supposedly so that the resort could be rented out as a casino. The declaration of
Martial Law in 1972 put an end to these plans and since the family was more occupied with real
estate developments than with managing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These are employees of Palmas Del Mar Resort. The respondents of the researchers for this study
are the employees of these establishments since they are the ones who run the business, they
certainly know if they practice TQM or not.
SAMPLING DESIGN Since this study aims to determine the Palmas Del Mar Resort that uses Total
Quality Management, the research design used in the study is comparative approach. This is to find
out if Palmas Del Mar Resort are using different TQM practices. The methods used are non–
probability sampling method and purposive sampling technique.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT The researchers chose survey questionnaires as a research instrument.
The survey questions used in the study is acquired through our team efforts. The researchers chose
to use the said questions because it correlates with the study. The questionnaire is about the usage of
the TQM in their establishments. The questionnaire does not only ask about the TQM practices but
also other activities that relates to TQM in improving the products and services offered by the
company. There are a total of 6 questions in the survey.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE Survey questionnaire was used as an instrument to gather data.
The research procedures were divided into three stages.
STAGE 1: Giving the letter and questionnaires to the respondents.
The researchers leave the

Oil And Gas Exploration And Production Company
INTRODUCTION
Headquartered in Houston, Occidental Petroleum Corporation is the fourth largest U.S. oil and gas
exploration and production company based on equity market capitalization with operations in
Middle East, North America, North Africa and United States. Occidental Petroleum or "Oxy" mainly
operates through three of its subsidiaries, Occidental Oil and Gas, OxyChem and Midstream and
Marketing.
Oil and Gas
Oxy's oil and gas exploration and production operations are focused on mainly three core areas –
The U.S, North Africa/Middle East and the Latin America. As of Dec'13, Oxy had approximately
3.5 billion barrels of oil equivalent net proved reserves making it one of the largest oil and gas
producers in California, U.S. based on gross operated barrels of oil equivalents.
Oxy's growth strategy in this domain has primarily relied on Enhanced Oil Recovery (Explain),
exploration and acquisitions.
OxyChem
This is a wholly owned division of Oxy and is a leading manufacturer of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
resins, chlorine and caustic soda in America. These products form an important part of a variety of
products such as plastics, pharmaceuticals and water treatment chemicals. The manufacturing
facilities are mainly concentrated in US, Canada and Chile.
Midstream and Marketing
This segment of Oxy gathers, processes, transports, stores, purchases and markets oil, condensate,
natural gas liquids (NGLs), natural gas, carbon dioxide (CO2) and power. It also trades around its
assets,

Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee
To Kill a Mockingbird In the book To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee creates an amazing story, but
there is one thing that is controversial in the book: Did Atticus do the right thing by taking on Tom's
case? In the book, Tom Robinson, who was a black man, was wrongly accused by Bob Ewell for
raping Ewell's daughter, and Atticus, a lawyer, decides to take on the case in a Maycomb, which was
a very racist town. Bob Ewell, who is mad when Atticus makes a fool of him, goes after, and hurts,
Atticus's kids. So, the question is, did Atticus do the right thing by taking on the case, and by doing
so, put his kids in danger? Most likely, the answer is yes, even though he put his kids in harm 's way,
he still did the right thing, since his kids only came out of the experience with mild injuries, but a lot
of knowledge and experience about how to live in the racist town of Maycomb. So, Atticus did the
right thing by taking on Tom Robinson's case, because it was the right thing to do, especially in
Maycomb, because without Atticus, Tom wouldn't have stood a chance. If Atticus did not take on the
case, he would not have felt right, and his kids would not have looked up to him the same as they
did before the case, because they are "colorblind". "'If you shouldn't be defendin' him, then why are
you doin' it?' 'For a number of reasons,' said Atticus" (Lee 100). This quote shows that Atticus was a
very noble man, and he did the right thing, even though he probably should not have

Cultural Analysis of The Coldest Winter Ever Essay
The Coldest Winter Ever
Born Lisa Williamson in 1964, Sister Souljah is a hip–hop artist that burst to the forefront of
mainstream media in 1992 when she was criticized by then Presidential candidate Bill Clinton for
saying "If Black people kill black people every day, why not have a week and kill white people?"
Clinton was trying to prove to other Democrats that he did not sympathize with the organization that
Souljah was a member of. She basically said Bill Clinton and went on to sign music and publishing
contracts. She has become one of the more passionate and articulate voices to emerge speaking for
young African Americans in the United States. She has written and published to works: No
Disrespect, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This illustrates a problematic aspect of the African American community. Material identity has
become a prevalent aspect surrounding the hip–hop community. Material is illustrated most often
through the type of car a person drives and the accessories that they put on it. It is also illustrated
through clothes and jewelry. This bar judged men that Winter would consider dating. Souljah uses
Winter's love of material possessions to illustrate what becomes the downfall of many people in the
African America community.
Although it took Winter getting put in jail to realize the error of her ways, she has learned a valuable
life lesson that can sometimes only be learned through personal experience. In the end of the book
she is talking to her sister, is involved with a drug dealer. Winter starts to tell her sister to change her
ways, but realizes that her words of advice will fall of deaf ears. She says to herself, "Hell, I'm not
meddling in other people's business. I definitely don't be making no speeches . . . She'll learn for
herself, that's just the way it is" (413). These learned lessons form culture. We learn the lessons
make humanity positive or negative. This book serves to show that there is not a happy ending. Our
life is what we make it.
There is a pervasive notion in fiction that the work must have a happy ending. That

The District North Point : Ayala Mall Essay
COMPANY DESCRIPTION
The District North Point – Ayala Mall is the first and only community center mall in Western
Visayas Region, Negros Occidental, Philippines. One of the biggest Community malls of Ayala
Land. It is Ayala Land's first fully combined community center in Negros. It is close to Ayala North
Point Subdivision in Talisay City along National Highway.
Negros Occidental is much known for its sprawling sugarcane plantations, expansive cane mills, and
the friendliness and hospitality of its people called "Negrense". It is the third largest island in the
whole Philippines and a total land area of 972, 608 hectares. Negros Occidental is approximately
375 kilometers far from the north to south the south of Negros region. It is being known as the
"Sugar capital or sugar bowl of the Philippines."
The District's one of kind contemporary architectural design gives a standout. The District North
Point has a gross leasable area of approximately 15,000 square meters or 1.5 hectare property close
to the Chinese school, residential homes, business and recreational amenities.
ROLE OF MARKETING IN THE COMPANY
Marketing is the most important activity of a company because it markets the name of the company
to generate profit and sales. According to (Lorette, n.d.) the success of every business lies in its
marketing. The business might offer the best products and services but, without marketing, the
potential customers may not have an idea about it. Marketing is the one

The Role of Television in Ending Segregaation in the...
The Role of Television in Ending Segregaation in the United States
In 1964 segregation was banned in public places as part of The Civil Rights Act. Leading on from
this, things for black Americans improved until in the 1987 17 large US cities even had black
mayors. But before these times there was segregation everywhere, from schools and restaurants to
buses and water fountains. Black and white Americans simply did not mix. The decision for
desegregation leads from a number of things, with various forms of media playing a central part,
including television, and without this, could desegregation really have been obtained at all?
By the time of desegregation in the USA, almost everybody had a ... Show more content on
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Previously it was unheard of for a black person to have a role in any film, unless it was a degrading
role such as a slave or an old cleaner. White men were more likely to dress up as Negroes instead,
but as the years passed there was a gradual change of the image of black people and they were
eventually accepted as stars, thanks especially to remembered actors such as Sydney Poitier.
Images were shown both on television and in newspapers and books. Photographs such as Source C,
a picture of Elizabeth Eckford on her first day at Little Rock High School showed the truth. We can
see how the white citizens are reacting to the enrolment of black pupils at their school, which once
again provokes sympathy from the white American's who were not fully aware of what was
happening around them, especially in the north, where racism wasn't nearly as extreme as it was in
the southern states.
Various forms of literature

India And China 's President Of The United States
Barack Obama, the President of the United States since 2009, proposed multiple bills during his
speech, "State of the Union 2011", to help improve the economy, education, job rate, and deficit
(Obama). Obama Stated, "We need to out–innovate, out–educate, and out–build the rest of the
world," which was said to help encourage the audience to help improve the way we think, teach, and
even learn (Obama). Throughout many years, the United States has become deeper in debt;
therefore, Obama decided to help our country prosper more by taking responsibility for our deficit
and helping to reduce it (Obama). In the beginning of the speech, India and China were referenced
in relation to education and how they have begun teaching children sooner, longer, and more in the
areas of science and math in order to compete in the world (Obama). In this day and age we live in a
world of technology that is only beginning to take off. Technology will soon be the center of
everything and the only way to compete is to win in means of having technology, knowing how to
work technology, and gaining more information about technology for better use (Obama). During
the speech Obama uses pathos, logos, and archetypes to persuade the audience in helping to
progress the United States.
Historical Background
During his high school years in Hawaii, Barack Obama was given the nickname of "Barry
O'Bomber" on his basketball team for his long–range jumping (Davis). He was an avid reader and
had a passion for

The Negro Digs Up His Past
Why Dig Up the Past? This article "The Negro Digs Up His Past'' by Arthur schomburg on 1925,
elaborates more on the struggles of slavery as well as how history tend to be in great need of
restoration through mindfully exploring on the past. The article, however started with an interesting
sentence which caught my attention, especially when the writer says ''The American Negro must
remark his past in order to make his future'' (670). This statement according the writer, explains how
slavery took away the great deal freedom from people of African descendant, through emancipation
and also increase in diversity. The writer (Arthur Schomburg) however, asserts that "the negro has
been throughout the centuries of controversy an active collaborator, and often a pioneer, in the
struggle for his own freedom and advancement" (670). In other words, this tend to take a great vast
amount of time for the society to understand the great importance of intelligent people of African
descendant, who tend to be capable of, just as any other ethics group, alternatively, for many
centuries this has not be recognized because of the fact that the continuation of hatred and
segregation flourished continually not until current decades, thereby, causing a standstill to the the
advancement of the Africans. It is observed that the historical happenings have a great negativity on
the face of the society, which is yet to be fixed. And so,

Essay on Natural Symbolism in "Blood-Burning Moon"
Racial and Gender Conflict: According to Toomer, it's only Natural. There are two real conflicts in
Jean Toomer's "Blood–Burning Moon." The first is racial, which can be referenced in the very first
sentence, and the second is a gender conflict, that subtly unfolds with the main characters'
development. In this essay, I will show how Toomer uses vivid descriptions and comparisons of
nature to establish these conflicts, and also to offer an explanation of their origin. He writes to argue
that these roles, like the earth, are natural and therefore irrefutable. A close reading of the opening
paragraph will reveal the sharp contrast between white and black, as it is described in a metaphor of
wood and stone. It can be argued that the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Direct, honest, bold. ... She was worth it. Beautiful Nigger gal. Why nigger? Why not, just gal? No,
it was because she was a nigger that he went to her. (1507) When Toomer writes of Stone, the entire
tone changes. He writes in the analytical and possessive inner monologue of a `white man', which is
formal and calculating. All focus is removed from the environment, and devoted to the mind of Bob
as he deliberates his relationship with Louisa. "He was going to see Louisa to–night, and love her.
She was lovely––in her way. Nigger way. What way was that? Damned if he knew. Must know"
(1507). Bob is confused by his feelings for Louisa, and the choppiness of his thoughts comes out in
Toomer's writing. Bob loves Louisa, but doesn't understand her. Although, given the way Toomer
has structured the story, how can he be blamed? Bob has a mind of stone, and Negro's are described
as wooden, and more connected to the earth. In other words, the moon, trees, and wilderness that is
familiar and welcome to the Negroes, is interpreted as `gloom' in Bob's mind. This hints to the
irreconcilable differences between blacks and whites, each thinks and relates in a completely
different way to their environment. While Bob rambles through the trees, his thoughts are on Louisa,
a woman he seeks to control, but can not relate to. He has no care to establish his place in nature,
and no thought to believe that there is a power above his own. The sharp contrast against

Alfred M. Green Delivered Speech
Alfred M. Green delivered a speech during the first month of the Civil War that addressed the issue
of African Americans enlisting in the Union Army. Green believed that African Americans deserved
the opportunity to prove their value to the Union. Throughout his speech, Green persuades black
people to enlist in the military using an appeal to their emotions and logic. It is important to note
first that Alfred M. Green is an African American speaking to other African Americans. If it were a
white person trying to convince black people to join the army the speech would not have been
nearly as compelling. Green calls them his "brethren" because they have shared common
experience. Green is hoping that African Americans will listen to him because he is able to relate to
his audience. He creates his speech in a way that shows the issues he is concerned about are ones all
African Americans should share. His repetitive use of possessive pronouns, such as "our" and "us"
make the speech more personal. It proves that he and all other African americans are in this together.
The opening of Green's speech involves calling on the cultural pride and patriotism of African
Americans. He commands his listeners to "give evidence" of the "bravery and patriotism" that he
knows black people possess. He challenges black people to prove to "the world'' their "love of
country, freedom and civil and religious toleration" The tone he uses is daring African American to
do more than stand by and do

Differences Between Love Canal And Chernobyl
Love Canal and Chernobyl are two different environmental disasters that share many similarities,
yet have their differences too. Love canal is located in Niagara Falls, New York and is the site of a
seventy–acre landfill. This landfill caused a major environmental pollution disaster that affected
hundreds of people. Toxic waste began to invade homes, backyards, and playgrounds. Two hundred
and forty–eight different chemicals were found buried beneath this community. Eight–hundred
families had to relocate. (Softschools.com). Chernobyl is located in Ukraine, this natural disaster
was the explosion of reactor number four, and occurred while under maintenance check. This
explosion let out two–hundred times the amount of radiation than Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Seven
Million people were affected, and three–hundred and fifty thousand people were forced out of their
homes and relocated. This explosion damaged sixty–three thousand square miles of land
(friendsofchernobyl.org). It is important to realize although differences are present, both Love Canal
and Chernobyl had similar effects on humans and the land. Many people suffered from these
disasters, and had to change their lifestyles because of the effects done to the land.
Chernobyl and Love Canal both had many negative effects on humans and the land near these
places. The land in both events was impacted drastically. Neither places could grow food that could
be consumed anymore. In Chernobyl people who harvested food were

Comparasion of Frederick Douglass's 4th of July Speech &...
Rhetorical Equality Successful, self–educated abolitionists Frederick Douglass and Booker T.
Washington fought tirelessly to eradicate slavery. Born into slavery, Douglass and Washington
shared the belief of equality, but differed on the manner in which it would be achieved. Douglass's
philosophy was "agitate!, agitate!, agitate!" whereas, Washington was of the 'work!, work!, work!"
mindset. Through his crafty use of rhetoric, Douglass delivered a scathing attack on the hypocrisy of
America in his self–referential speech, "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July." The speech
articulated his passionate pursuit for liberty and equal rights. Douglass's speech passionately argued
that in the eyes of the slave and even the "free" black ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"For the present, it is enough to affirm the equal manhood of the Negro race. Is it not astonishing
that, while we are ploughing, planting and reaping, using all kinds of mechanical tools, erecting
houses, constructing bridges, building ships, working in metals of brass, iron, copper, silver and
gold...that, while we are engaged in all manner of enterprises common to other men...we are called
upon to prove that we are men!" (Douglass) During his speech, Douglass elaborated on the different
aspects of why blacks have a natural right to freedom as any other human being He argued it is
wrong to turn a man into a "brute" and proceeded to argue that slavery is not divine in its origin.
Douglass's speech was a calling for equality, for change. He accomplished his goal and proved the
fourth of July was a revolting reminder to him and those like him of the continual inhumane cruelty
American attempted to conceal through its mockery. In contrast to Douglass, Washington's famous
speech known as the "1865 Atlantic Compromise" was not a protest or challenge of the political
system, nor did he speak about the lack of social equality. Instead he focused his efforts on what
blacks could accomplish, how they could compromise. He believed the militant rhetoric of Douglass
and others distracted blacks from the path of liberty, equality, and economic success. Washington's
speech emphasized that it was the dual responsibility of blacks and whites to make the blacks a
more

Summary Of The Short Story ' Going On Meet The Man ' By...
AFAS 101 In the short story Going to Meet the Man by James Baldwin, we see how psychological
conditioning at a young age turned an innocent–minded boy into a full–bodied racist. In this short
story is filled cover–to–cover with extensive racism and prejudices, the reader is invited to see how
apathetic a crowd of people can be in the face of a lynching. Through a mob mentality, a young
Jesse transforms from a young man with African–descendant friends, to someone today defined as a
classic bigot. The largest attribution to Jesse's hatred towards blacks can be found in his
environment. In a post–Civil–War south, there is a great deal of anger and bitterness towards
northern ideals. When Jessy interrogates one of the ringleaders of the singing debacle at the local
prison, he tells the ringleader, "You are going to stop your singing, I said to him, and you are going
to stop coming down to the court house and disrupting traffic and molesting the people and keeping
us from our duties and keeping doctors from getting sick white women and getting all them
Northerners in this town to give own town a bad name!" (Baldwin 233). Clearly, Jessy is not
referring to the ringleader specifically, or the even the entire group. Jesse has been conditioned at a
young age that Africans are nothing but trouble and must be dealt with. When young Jesse has a
moment of angst for the well–being of his friend Otis, his father replies "Otis can't do nothing. He's
too little....we just want to make sure

Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee
"There 's four kinds of folks in the world. There 's the ordinary kind like us and the neighbors, there
's the kind like the Cunninghams out in the woods, and kind like the Ewells down at the dump, and
the Negroes," (Lee 230). To Kill a Mockingbird, written by Harper Lee, is a must read novel and an
unforgettable classic that was an instant success which touched the hearts of many at its release in
1960. Written to connect and demonstrate living during much discrimination and racial tension
taking place in the small town of Maycomb, Alabama during the height of the Great Depression.
Jean Louise (Scout), the narrator of the novel, is a part of the Finch family, along with her older
brother Jem Finch and her father Atticus Finch. Jem and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Determined through wealth, income and status, Maycomb creates defined levels of class in which
members of society long to maintain or reach their spot at the top. Low in class, the Cunninghams, a
family of farmers, lose all they have in the Stock Market Crash, which leaves them with very little.
"He ain't company, Cal, he's just a Cunningham–" (33). Scout see's that her new first grade teacher,
Miss Caroline, does not understand the levels of society and tries to offer Walter Cunningham
money for lunch. The Cunninghams do not take money because they cannot pay back what they
have borrowed.Due to Scout speaking up for Walter, she gets in trouble from Miss Caroline. Jem
invites Walter for dinner and Scout notices that he eats differently than they eat and she makes a
rude remark regarded towards him. Scout knows how low in class they are and refuses to admit that
he is their company after Calpurnia mentions he is. Scout gets caught up in society 's standards and
her innocent mind grabs onto do what those around her do and believe is right. She thinks that
Walter does not deserve to be treated like company and since he is a Cunningham, he does not need
to be treated well because of how low in class he is. Scout does not fully understand how defined the
lines between classes are and how much importance society puts onto the social hierarchy system
and as a result she is under the influence of the corrupted adults in Maycomb. As Scout grows and
matures,

Robinson Jeffers: Life and Poetry
Robinson Jeffers: Life and Poetry
"Poetry is more primitive than prose. It existed before prose and will exist afterward, it is not
domesticated, it is wilder and more natural" (qtd. in Hunt, "Prose"). Robinson Jeffers said this about
poetry, and a reader can feel this in his poems. Jeffers lived an interesting and fulfilling life. He
enjoyed the solitude of his home on Carmel Point, and spending time with his family. He wrote
during the Modern Era, but he didn't write like a modernist. Jeffers wrote as if he was speaking with
the reader. "Hurt Hawks" was criticized by Tim Hunt. Hunt said that it was one of Jeffers's greatest
poems. Another appreciated poem, "Oh Lovely Rock", has been analyzed as well. His descriptive
setting makes it feel real to a reader. Robinson Jeffers was a prominent, award winning, American
poet in the Modern Era who changed the format of poetry with his prophetic and enlightening
writings including "Hurt Hawks" and "Oh Lovely Rock". Robinson Jeffers was born on January 10,
1887 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His parents were Dr. William Hamilton Jeffers and Annie
Robinson Tuttle Jeffers. His father was a Presbyterian minister and a biblical scholar. Jeffers never
had any siblings. His family traveled to Europe quite often and they would stay for a long periods of
time. Jeffers' education occurred mostly in Germany and Switzerland over the years 1898–1902. He
learned German and French and could also converse in Italian. Before his family returned to

Essay about Love Canal
Love Canal
When one thinks about an environmental disaster, the image of a large explosion in a highly
industrial area comes to mind. Such is not the case in the Love Canal emergency. Unlike most
environmental disasters, the events of Niagara Falls's Love Canal weren't characterized by a known
and uncontrollable moment of impact. It developed over a period of several decades, since the
effects of leaching chemicals is uncertain and slow in development and the visual effects are very
limited. This disaster could have been identified earlier or later for as far as the rest of the world was
concerned there was no emergency until the authorities made it public. The importance of Love
Canal is that acknowledging the danger that existed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From 1942 until 1953, the canal was filled with 21,800 tons of toxic chemical wastes (Hoffman 6).
The uncertain inventory includes over 13 million pounds of lindane (benzene hexachloride), more
than 4 million pounds of chlorobenzenes, and 400,000 pounds of dioxin–contaminated
trichlorophenol, which are all extremely carcinogenic compounds. There are at least 200 identified
chemicals dumped in the canal, but many unknowns are also present as a result of chemical
reactions that took place in the complex mixture.
In 1953, the canal (which had previously been widened to hold more waste) was nearly full, so it
was covered over with clay to seal it. As the vicinity around Niagara Falls grew rapidly, Hooker sold
the 16–acres of land to the Niagara Falls city school board for $1. However, the deed for the land
included a disclaimer that warned that hazardous chemicals were buried on the property and cleared
the company of any future responsibility (Levine 11). On the site, the 99th Street Elementary School
was constructed along with houses, sewers, and roads. Early signs of the potential hazards were
identifiable in the early 1950s, such as uneven fields with sink holes from decomposing barrels,
strong odors, skin irritations on children and dogs and a black, oily substance in basements were
ignored by the residents of the area. Not until

Alice Walker Essay
Best known for her Pulitzer Prize–winning novel The Color Purple, Alice Walker portrays black
women struggling for sexual as well as racial equality and emerging as strong, creative individuals.
Walker was born on February 9, 1944, in Eatonton, Georgia, the eighth child of Willie Lee and
Minnie Grant Walker. When Walker was eight, her right eye was injured by one of her brothers,
resulting in permanent damage to her eye and facial disfigurement that isolated her as a child. This
is where her feminine point of view first emerged in a household where girls were forced to do the
domestic chores unaided by the brothers. Throughout her writing career, Alice Walker has been
involved in the black movement and displays strong feelings towards ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
&#9;Walker is very much of a feminist, which is demonstrated by the previous quote.
According to David Bradley of The New York Times, &quot;She coined the term
&quot;womanist&quot; which she used to describe the Black women's issues that are at
the heart of so much of her work&quot;(1984). One of the major themes that she had
incorporated within several of her writings was the difference between black and white authors,
along with the Women's Movement. She contemplated the fact that black women had been
suppressed for so long that they would never know what kind of great artists they may have lost
during all the times while there was slavery.
This is what the short story &quot;In Search of Our Mother's Gardens&quot; discusses.
The title has a special meaning because Walker is referring to her own mother. In this work, she
discusses all the talents of older black women writers such as Phyllis Wheatley and Zora Neal
Hurston. What she is referring to in the title is her own mother's talent in art and gardening. She
talks about how well known her mother was for her gardening skills that even strangers would stop
and admire her handiwork. She points out the fact that it was so beautiful that her childhood, which
was filled with poverty and sadness, was made a little more bearable because of it. When she thinks
back on it, all she remembers is the beautiful neighborhood, and has

The Importance Of Saving And Sharing The Heritage Of Our...
The importance of saving and sharing the heritage of our African ancestors is a focus we should all
strive for. After the crossing over of the Middle Passage to the so called New World, it is thought
that all heritage and culture was lost. W.E.B. DuBose agreed when he stated "cultural survival of
Africans in the New World and discusses how their language, religion, and practices survived" (as
cited in Belgrave and Allison, 2014, p. 139). We will look at how the African heritage was in fact
not lost but how it sustains even across the waters. The Africans carried within them first landing
first in the Bahamas then to the Americas a rich tradition. What traits of our African ancestors
installed in each of us that is shared among African ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Approximately around 1629 is the time the English to rule over the islands of the Bahamas, in 1783
the Europeans started bring African slaves to the Bahamas to set up plantations.
The people of the Islands of the Bahamas went through many changes from harboring confederate
blockade runners during the American wars and being a hiding place for pirates. After over four
hundred years of being under the rule of an oppressive power the Afro Bahamians thought it was
time for them to rule themselves. In 1973 the Bahamas became an independent sovereign state from
England which ushered in a changing of the guards from Euro English rule to African decedent's
Bahaman ruling.
Likewise the African American people went through a lot of changes from the civil war and the
hardship and changes that it brought to the civil rights movement and the struggles that came with
that movement in their efforts to gain equality in a country that said they did not have a right to the
same, a country too that changed hands starting with the Spanish, French, Dutch, and the English
and ending with their own independence fight.
With such parallel beginnings and changes with ownership of lands and humans and the language
adaptations the afro–Bahamian and afro– American still held on to many of our African roots. With
the abolishment of

Essay on Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. DuBoise
Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. DuBoise Booker T. Washington believed that blacks should not
push to attain equal civil and political rights with whites. That it was best to concentrate on
improving their economic skills and the quality of their character. The burden of improvement
resting squarely on the shoulders of the black man. Eventually they would earn the respect and love
of the white man, and civil and political rights would be accrued as a matter of course. This was a
very non–threatening and popular idea with a lot of whites. For two decades Washington established
a dominant tone of gradualism and accommodationism among blacks, only to find in the latter half
of this period that the leadership was passing to more ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Others advocated struggle for civil rights, specifically the right to vote, on the theory that economic
and social rights would follow. Most agreed that solutions would come gradually. Negro leadership
near the turn of the century was divided between these two tactics for racial equality, which may be
termed the economic strategy and the political strategy. The most heated controversy in Negro
leadership at this time raged between two remarkable black men–Booker T. Washington and W. E.
B. DuBois. The major spokesman for the gradualist economic strategy was Washington. DuBois was
the primary advocate of the gradualist political strategy. Washington learned the doctrine of
economic advancement combined with acceptance of disfranchisement and conciliation with the
white South from Armstrong. His rise to national prominence came in 1895 with a brief speech,
which outlined his social philosophy and racial strategy. Washington was invited to speak before an
integrated audience at the opening of the Cotton States and International Exposition held in Atlanta
in September 1895. He was the first Negro ever to address such a large group of southern whites
Washington is remembered chiefly for this "Atlanta Compromise" address. In this speech, he called
on white America to provide jobs and industrial–agricultural education for Negroes. In exchange,

The Theme of Prejudice in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay...
The Theme of Prejudice in To Kill a Mockingbird 'To Kill a Mocking Bird' teaches us about the
deceit and prejudice amongst the residents of Maycomb County, all of whom have very contrasting
and conflicting views. We are told the story through the eyes of little girl, Scout, and the day–to–day
prejudices she faces amongst society. Her father, Atticus, is a white man defending a Negro, even
though the town frowns upon such a thing. He is trying to bring order to the socially segregating
views, both within the court and out. The most common form of prejudice, which is seen many
times throughout the novel, is racism. The white folk of Maycomb County feel they have a higher
status in society than the black community, and that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This shows what a bad father he is and why his family have been given a bad name. The rules in
Maycomb state that no one is allowed to set traps or hunt for game, however these have been
bended slightly for the Ewells. Atticus says that no landowners will begrudge Bob Ewell any game
he kills, because it is sometimes the only source of food the children get. Even with these many
faults the Ewells are received with a higher status and well being, than any of the well living and
good Negroes. Prejudice is also shown against Boo Radley. This is because no one really knows
what he is like and makes up their minds about him, without fully understanding his personality. The
residents speculate about his behaviour, and what he gets up to while inside his residence. Rumours
were also spread that he "went out at night when the moon was down, and peeped in windows... any
stealthy small crimes committed in Maycomb were his work". Miss Stephanie Crawford says that
she saw him peering into her window late at night, which may of course not be true as she is known
to gossip. When stories such as that are spread around, people start believing them. Children can
easily be influenced by adults, and often pick up on what they say. Most of the time they will
believe what an adult tells them, leaving them to make up their minds on the rest. Jem speculates to
Dill "Boo was about six and a half feet tall, ... there was a long jagged scar that ran across his face;
what

Book Review : ' Kill A Mockingbird '
Courtney Roeder
Professor Carmel
Classics of the 20th Century
1 June 2015 To "Kill a Mockingbird" was written during the 1930s which was a very rough time for
American history the country was going through turmoil of the Great Depression which had a huge
impact on how people reacted towards each other. The novel is about memories that Scout has about
her past and then she relays her memories to us. This story being told through her gives us a
viewpoint from innocents. In the story a black man named Tom Robinson is being accused of a
crime that he clearly did not do. Though we know he did not do it he was brought to trial because he
was black and the people were too scared to side with him because of his race and were worried
about what others would think about them. It seemed like no matter what he was in situation that he
would not be able to win against. Luckily for him he had Atticus was on his side to help prove that
he was not guilty. This story reflects on the discrimination of blacks, the social class and women's
rights. We get to see the story unfold through the eyes of a young innocent girl named Scout. The
1930s was a time of discrimination against the African Americans, the lower class, and women. The
blacks were harassed and taunted by the white people no matter the age or gender. During the 1930s
the Klu Klux Klan was started and was made up of white extremist who did whatever they could to
taunt and degrade the black race. Along with the extremist some of

The Black Lives Matter Movement
Alicia Garza created the Black Lives Matter Movement with Patrisse Cullors and Opal Tometi after
the death of 17 year old Trayvon Martin. Black Lives Matter is an ideological and social group in a
world where black lives are systematically and institutionally targeted. It became more than a
hashtag and began to empower people. They began to move the hashtag from social media to the
streets. It is movement to all people and supports the coming together to fight and protest against
oppression. It has had many public protests in cities worldwide with supporters of all races in tow.
The Black Lives Matter Movement has connected people across the country working to end the
various forms of injustice impacting our people today. Alicia Garza along with her co–founders of
the movement have hosted national conference calls focused on issues that are critical to working
hard for the liberation of African Americans. The goal is according the the founders of this
movements is to create a space for the celebration and humanization of black lives. "Black Lives
Matter is a unique contribution that goes beyond extra judicial killings of black people by police and
vigilantes. It goes beyond the narrow nationalism that can be prevalent within some black
communities, which merely call on black people to love black, live black and buy black, keeping
straight black men in the front of the movement while our sisters, queer and trans and disabled folk
take up roles in the background or

Themes in the Novel "Black Boy" Essay
Book review of Richard Wright's Black Boy, 1945
Introduction:
"I have never seen any part of the world where it seemed to me the masses of Negro People would
be better off than right here in these Southern States"
– Booker T. Washington –
Published in 1945, Richard Wright's autobiographical novel Black Boy was to prove the contrary. It
documented prejudice and oppression caused by the Jim Crow laws in the Deep South in the early
twentieth century. It is an account of the difficult road of an African American, who was convinced
to have greater destiny than that of a stereotypical black person, the white people tried to transform
him into.
Wright tells the violent and disturbing story of his own life between the years 1908 ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Richard receives intense and often seemingly unreasonable beatings from his mother and
grandmother, moreover, the members of his family are extremely religious and base their life
principally on the word of the bible.
Perhaps because of his natural distrust Richard remains unaffected by the religion, he simply does
not feel anything and is hence considered dead by his grandmother and aunt.
As years pass by Richard's alienation increases in relation to the black community and the white
world. Wright seems to criticize the subdued members of the black community who silently accept
the white rule over them. The role model the southern whites have introduced for the blacks is so
dominant that when Richard's first short story is published in a black newspaper, instead of
receiving compliments he is regarded as weird and he becomes even more isolated from the
community. His grandmother accuses him of lying and condemns his fiction as devil's work. It is
this sense of isolation that drives Richard towards writing. Later in his life he grows to understand
the true power of his words.
Perhaps the most difficult challenge for Richard during the years in the South is to learn to deal with
white people. He cannot understand why he should adapt to white supremacy and content with his

place as a second–class citizen. However, in order to make his way out of the South, he has no
choice but to act

Essay on Love Canal: Environmental Disaster
A beautiful city, Niagara Falls in the state of New York, ruined by careless decisions of the city of
Niagara Falls and The Hooker Chemical Company. Families suffered and died from several of
diseases cause by toxic waste that was place underground near homes and schools. A mother, Louis
Gibbs who lived near the Love Canal said, " When I brought this American dream home my son was
one and very healthy. Then he started to get very ill and experiences some liver problems, asthma,
and then epilepsy. I could not understand, they came one after another, until I read a series written
by Mr. Michael Brown, who explained that the Love Canal has toxic waste underneath the
neighborhood school and it leaches in resident homes." She continued on by ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
(Gibbs) In the 1920's, the city bought the land at public auction, which became the municipal and
chemical disposal site. (Beck) The city of Niagara Falls and The United States also participated in
dumping garbage, military warfare material, and Manhattan Project. This was a disposal site for
more than twenty years, until Hooker Chemical Company purchased the site for their chemical
disposal. (Beck) In 1953, the Hooker Chemical Company filled the canal with twenty–two thousand
tons of waste in barrels, which leaked, broke apart when being dump, and poured into the soil.
(Gibbs) In addition, to avoid contaminants leaked to the top layer soil they would cover them up
with cinders, ash, clay or loom to decrease the spill. (Gibbs) Hooker claimed that he warned the
Board of Education not to buy the land because it was not suitable for construction of school
buildings. However, The Board of Education was in desperate need of more classroom space and
needed the land quickly. On April 28,1953 Hooker sold the land to Board of Education for one
dollar. He turned the deed over to The Board of Education and confirmed that they were not
accountable for any problems that should arise in the future. (Case Study: 6 Love Canal) Later, The
Board of Education sold portion of the land to an investor that wanted to build more than hundred
homes in the area, which they sold to middle class families, who were unaware of the toxic waste

The Library Card Essay
"The Library Card," by Richard Wright is a strong essay on how books can affect and influence
readers. Richard Wright writes that his first experience of the real world is accomplished through
novels. He read an article criticizing H.L. Mencken and it tempted him to read some of his books.
The article labeled Mencken as "a fool." Wright wanted to know what this man had done to cause
such hatred against him. "I wondered what on earth this Mencken had done to call down upon him
the scorn of the South. The only people I had ever heard denounced in the South were Negroes, and
this man was not a Negro," (pg.319) Wright writes that tells us that the South was filled with racism
and hatred among the whites and blacks. Mencken must have had ideas ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Back then, black people could hardly read or write and they were not offered the education to learn
so. Once Richard took out the books, he headed back to the Irish Catholic and told him that the
librarian might telephone him. It is to make sure that the books were for him and not for Richard. If
Richard gets caught taking out the books and reading it for himself, he will get in big trouble for it.
Richard first book was "A Book of Prefaces," which was written by Mencken. He was surprised on
how Mencken fought with words in the book, and he was shocked with his style. When he couldn't
understand some words, he had to use a dictionary to help him out. After he read the book, he felt
that he had experienced something new, "I hungered for books, new ways of looking and seeing. It
was not a matter of believing or disbelieving what I read, but of feeling something new, of being
affected by something that made the look of the world different." (pg.323) Books had made him
view the world differently and they opened his eyes. Every time he read a book, he could not put it
down. The mood of it lingered, coloring everything he saw, heard, did. He identified himself with
the books he read, and it made him vaguely guilty. "Would I, filled with bookish notions, act in a
manner that would make the whites dislike me?" he questioned himself and it made him feel
isolated from the world around him. Every time he reads a book, he learns

Black Male Success in Higher Education Essay
Introduction
Over the years there has been a significant decrease in the percentage of African American male
success in higher education. Not only does this effect society as a whole, but more importantly this
effects the African– American community as well. The high percentage of uneducated African–
American males will result in increased crime rate, shortened life span and overall hard life.
However this epidemic can be stopped by looking at the contributing factors of why there is a
decrease in African–American male success in higher education and how to change it. Throughout
the paper I will be addressing the issues as to why there are not more black men in higher education,
by looking at the contributing factors such as environmental ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In retrospect, not only are our young black men not doing better than white young men, but they are
also not doing as well as our young black women. Is the reason that minority students and more
importantly black male students are not doing well in school, because they are not being properly
prepared? Under–preparedness
Students attend school starting at pre–school then kindergarten, kindergarten to first grade and
leading up to middle school then high school, the classes and teachers are supposed to prepare them
for the next level. With the correct preparation and tools, after graduating high school, many
students have their mind set on attending college as the next level. However many African–
American male students who do have the ability to graduate high school, are not prepared for their
next level which is college. Due to the quality of these schools "the school districts in urban
neighborhoods have fewer academic offerings, less qualified teachers, out of date materials and
lower quality curriculum" (WOOD, J. (2011), results in the poor education of the minority students
attending them. Also due to the different academic and environment backgrounds that white and
black students come from, many teachers are unaware of how to teach black students and how to
gain their attention in the classroom. Other than

The Relationship Between The World And Me, By Coates Writes
In the novel, "Between the World and Me," Coates writes a letter to his fifteen–year old son. He uses
his personal experiences in order to explain the realities of being African American to his son. He
also reveals the scathing truth on the constant fear present in society while growing up. Coates
successfully shows how black people experience of America was essentially different.
In the first part, Coates begins by introducing the idea of race. He explains how race is an
unchangeable characteristic, which is used to reduce and dehumanize people. Furthermore, he states
that attributing names based on personal appearances were not originally used to characterize
people, instead it was used originally to implement a hierarchical system. He ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, Coates' mother was brutally attacked in her house. As a result, she would clutch
Coates' hand tightly and scold him if he went out of her sight, In addition, Coates goes into great
detail on the authors, who greatly influenced and interested him. He especially emphasizes Malcolm
X, where he describes Malcolm's writings to be very honest. Lastly, Coates mentions how Howard
University was his "Mecca." He explains how his views expanded after attending Howard and how
his different love interests influenced him. In the second part, Coates begins by recounting when he
got pulled over by the PG County police. He describes the thoughts and fears present in his mind
during the wait. The numerous the different news stories, where there were reports of officers
choking, shooting, and abusing people, invaded his mind. However, the officer simply gave back
Coates his license and offered no explanation to why he was pulled over. Unfortunately, Coates had
read an article which reported the death of Prince Jones later that month. Upon learning the story,
Coates was in utter shock. The article stated that the Jones was shot because he attempted to run
over the officer. Coates was adamant over the fact that the officer was lying and refused to give
forgiveness. Furthermore, he was indignant towards the final verdict, where it was decided that the
officer would be set free. In addition, Marx continues on by describing his life in New

The By Johnathon Scott Halloway 's Confronting The Veil
Johnathon Scott Halloway's Confronting the Veil explores the scholarly and social history of Abram
Harris Jr., E. Franklin Frazier, and Ralph Bunche during their early careers. These notable men
formed an alliance that led the Division of Social Sciences at Howard University during the New
Deal. During these years they eventually started a movement of young black radical scholars. At the
nucleus of their intellectual radicalism was the notion that class status was to blame for African
American's more than race for black Americans' degraded position in society. This notion was
compared to idea that race was the issue and the answer to the question of Holloway's study of
Harris, Frazier, and Bunche exam ines how the three promoted the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Johnson's competence as a leader and his beliefs in academic freedom allowed Harris, Frazier, and
Bunche to use the Division of Social Sciences at Howard University as an avenue that connected
their scholarship to social activism.
The book's central chapters evaluate the ideas that were present in the articles, speeches, books, and
the general daily lives of Harris, Frazier, and Bunche. These chapters really disclose how each
scholar expressed their ideas on race and class. Abram Lincoln Harris, Jr. was the first to get to
Howard in 192. He was the first African American to achieve prestige in the academic realm of
economics. Abram Lincoln Harris, Jr., was born into a middle–class African American family on
January 17, 1899 in Richmond Virginia. His father was a butcher and his mother was a
schoolteacher, which made it possible for their son 's developmental years to occur with economic
stability and lots of intellectual stimulation. His father worked at a meat shop owned by a German–
American, and because of his interaction with the owner 's family, Harris Jr. was able to fluently
speak German while he was very young. This was conducive in his older age when he studied the
works of German or German–trained economists ' proposals for social reform.
He was very receptive of the racial division that was present among American laborers. Very
specifically, he noticed the exclusion of African Americans in the work force. After

The Word Nigger Essay
The Word "Nigger"
"My niggas. Some niggas that you don't wanna try. My niggas. Some niggas that's really do or die.
My niggas. Ain't no longer living a lie. My niggas is stong. My niggas is real."
Does this artist use the word nigger in the same way that racists have and still are? The answer to
this question is a simple one– no. Today's urban society have changed, not only the definition, but
also the spelling of this word, which was once used to belittle those of African–American decent.
Now, the definition as proved through today's urban youth holds many denotations– positive and
negative. But has the definition really changed? Or are today's urban society just being ignorant and
socially blinded ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A 1700 quote by judge Samuel Sewall uses the term in a denunciation of slavery. Gradually,
however, polite discourse increasingly used the term negro (which dates to at least 1555) and nigger
became relegated to the vulgar tongue, increasing in offensiveness over the centuries.
So for instance, when Mark Twain uses the word in Huckleberry Finn , by the standards of his day
he is not being especially offensive (although even then it was a term that would not be used in
polite society), but is using the term as a marker of class and socio–economic status of the characters
who utter it. In the 20th century of course, it has become extremely offensive. It, along with cunt are
just about the only taboo words in American discourse today (it's interesting that the most offensive
terms have strong racial or gender discrimination components). About the only acceptable use is in
Black English when African–Americans use it to refer to themselves.
In the O. J. Simpson trial of 1995 when evidence of its use by a detective whitness, Mark Furhman
was introduced, the word became reffered to as the N–word. Mark Furhman continued to lie and say
he never used the word nigger in his life, evidence of a tape recording was brought against him as he
stated "we have no niggers where we grew up" along with many other citations.
After all of the hardships the background of "nigger" has proven to have had on African–American
ancestry, why would urban

Social and Economic Equality of African Americans in America
Social and Economic Equality of African Americans in America The struggle for social and
economic equality of Black people in America has been long and slow. It is sometimes amazing that
any progress has been made in the racial equality arena at all; every tentative step forward seems to
be diluted by losses elsewhere. For every "Stacey Koons" that is convicted, there seems to be a
Texaco executive waiting to send Blacks back to the past. Throughout the struggle for equal rights,
there have been courageous Black leaders at the forefront of each discrete movement. From early
activists such as Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, and W.E.B. DuBois, to 1960s civil
rights leaders and radicals such as Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Significantly, he argued for submission to the white majority so as not to offend the power elite.
Though he preached appeasement and a "hands off" attitude toward politics, Washington has been
accused of wielding imperious power over "his people" and of consorting with the white elite.
William Edward Burghardt DuBois, on the other hand, was more of an idealist. DuBois was born in
Massachusetts in 1868, just after the end of the Civil War and the official end of slavery. A gifted
scholar, formal education played a much greater role in DuBois's life than it did in Washington's.
After becoming a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Fisk and Harvard, he was the first Black to earn a
Ph.D. from Harvard in 1895. DuBois wrote over 20 books and more than 100 scholarly articles on
the historical and sociological nature of the Black experience. He argued that an educated Black
elite should lead Blacks to liberation by advancing a philosophical and intellectual offensive against
racial discrimination. DuBois forwarded the argument that "The Negro problem was not and could
not be kept distinct from other reform movements. . ." DuBois "favored immediate social and
political integration and the higher education of a Talented Tenth of the black population. His main
interest was in the education of 'the group leader, the man who sets the ideas of the community
where he lives. . .'" To this end, he organized the "Niagara movement," a meeting of 29 Black

Graduation Speech By Maya Angelou
Deshanna Glenn
Professor Juliet Green
Eng. 1310–014
February 18, 2016
Graduation
Graduation is a ceremony that almost every single person is familiar with, thus building the
connection of the reader. Graduation is an important transition in one's life. It represents an
accomplishment and signifies moving on to something better, more important and the pathway to
use one's knowledge to achieve one's life goals. It calls for a celebration along with a grand
commencement among family, friends, and peers. Maya Angelou's, "Graduation", is about a young
African American girl, who is excited and proud of her academic achievements. She strives to bring
the reader into her world, while looking forward to her grand commencement. There is no doubt that
Maya Angelou is a fantastic writer and by her standards, "Graduation" is an amazing piece of
writing and what Angelou does best is evoke feelings and empathy from her readers. By relating to
them and detailing her emotions for everyone to see, she emphasizes her sense of being wronged
Angelou's graduation was a pivotal moment in her life. She led the readers through her graduation as
if they are sitting alongside her. Angelou's method of telling her story is through imagery; Angelou
describes the graduates, "Like travelers with exotic destinations on their minds..."(pg10) "everyone
said I looked like a sunbeam." (Pg. 13) These give the readers a true picture of what was going on
and imagery vision of how broadly the kids were

Aunt Ester : A Critical Thinking And Writing About Literature
Troy Heck
English 104 Critical Thinking and Writing about Literature
Dr. Slack
April 27, 2016
Aunt Ester's significance in August Wilson's plays August Wilson uses a woman named Aunt Ester
as the main character in five of his ten paly in the Pittsburg cycle. "Gem of the ocean" is the first of
the plays that we actually see Aunt Ester and she becomes more that just a voice the reader. "Gem of
the Ocean" is a play depicting the life of newly freed slaves living in the Hill District of Pittsburg,
centering on how one woman, Aunt Ester, helps people that are in trouble, either legally or
spiritually. Aunt Ester is the main character in many of Wilson's play. She is an older woman that is
more like a spiral healer than just a resident of the town. She uses her life skills and teachings to
help the residents of the town during times of disturbances in their lives. Aunt Ester is more than just
a woman living her life; she takes great pride in helping others and is trying to pass the knowledge
that she has gained throughout her life along. Her role and actions in Wilson's plays are the
backbone of what of what he is trying to portray to African American men and their loss of their
heritage. Aunt Ester takes on many roles in Wilson's paly, but her role as a mother figure to the
entire town is one of the biggest. Everyone in town knows to go to Aunt Ester when they are in
trouble or need advice. In "Gem of the Ocean" Citizen Barlow is told to "Go see Aunt Ester" with
the

Jim Crow Laws Essay
"Jim Crow Laws were statutes and ordinances established between 1874 and 1975 to separate the
white and black races in the American South. In theory, it was to create "separate but equal"
treatment, but in practice Jim Crow Laws condemned black citizens to inferior treatment and
facilities." The Jim Crows Laws created tensions and disrespect towards blacks from whites. These
laws separated blacks and whites from each other and shows how race determines how an individual
is treated. The Jim Crow laws are laws that are targeted towards black people. These laws determine
how an individual is treated by limiting their education, having specific places where blacks and
whites could or could not go, and the punishments for the "crime" ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
WW II, changed everyone. With Hitlers "Masters Race" it made Americans think and President
Truman to action to promote racial equality.
The lack of education was an issue regarding black people because of their race. In Florida the Jim
Crow Laws state, "The schools for white children and the schools for negro children shall be
conducted separately" ("Jim Crow Laws–Martin Luther King Jr. National Historic Site"). Due to the
separation of the black and white school much of the money sent towards the school went to the
white only school. This shows that the state did not want interracial schools and refers back to the
thought "separate but equal" but not really equal. Although the thought was "separate but equal", it
doesn't exactly mean people will follow that thought. In Concord, North Carolina, a black woman
named Mary McLeod Bethune wanted to spread education for other black children. McLeod opened
a school with any money she had and borrowed, for an all black girl institute in Daytona Beach.
When other people discovered what she did, the Ku Klux Klan threatened to burn down the school,
but never followed through. In 1929, the all girls' school merged with an all men's school ("The Rise
and Fall of Jim Crow"). "It is our pledge to make a lasting contribution to all that is finest and best
in America, to cherish and enrich her heritage of freedom

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