Heroism In Hamlet

Heroism In Hamlet
The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, often shortened to Hamlet, is a tragedy written by
William Shakespeare at an uncertain date between 1599 and 1602. Set in the Kingdom of Denmark,
the play dramatises the revenge Prince Hamlet is instructed to enact on his uncle Claudius. Claudius
had murdered his own brother, Hamlet's father King Hamlet, and subsequently seized the throne,
marrying his deceased brother's widow, Hamlet's mother Gertrude.
Hamlet is Shakespeare's longest play and among the most powerful and influential tragedies in
English literature, with a story capable of "seemingly endless retelling and adaptation by others."
The play seems to have been one of Shakespeare's most popular works during his lifetime It has
inspired writers from Goethe and Dickens to Joyce and Murdoch, and has been described as "the
world's most filmed story after Cinderella".
The story of Hamlet ultimately derives from the legend of Amleth, preserved by 13th–century
chronicler Saxo Grammaticus in his Gesta Danorum, as subsequently retold by ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Written in Latin, it reflects classical Roman concepts of virtue and heroism, and was widely
available in Shakespeare's day. Significant parallels include the prince feigning madness, his
mother's hasty marriage to the usurper, the prince killing a hidden spy, and the prince substituting
the execution of two retainers for his own. A reasonably faithful version of Saxo's story was
translated into French in 1570 by François de Belleforest, in his Histoires tragiques. Belleforest
embellished Saxo's text substantially, almost doubling its length, and introduced the hero's
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Identity and Culture Essay
Every person, or group of people, has an identity and a culture. An 'identity' is the image that one
project out into the rest of the world, and 'culture' is the image which one has of themselves.
Countries are no exception; every country over their course of history has created an identity and
culture for themselves. It has been said that the worst act one could perform on another would be to
strip them of their identity, and deny them of their culture. This is why, in order for a country to
become a great nation, their culture and identity must be formed so that it is able to strive. History
and the changes made to history are two of the main things that could create the identity and culture
of a country. The Canadian Film Industry, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(CANADIAN FILM, CLANDFIELD). These were the first documentaries which the world had
seen, with multiple films being released to the public in the 1920's. (MADE IN CANADA, 8). It
was the National Film Board who organized these documentaries to promote Canadians.
(CANADA'S CENTURY, 286). Film as an art form would not be created for some time.
(CANADIAN FILM, CLANDFIELD). Even with all of this new technology, the Canadian film
industry still hid in the shadows next to the American film industry. The American Film Industry
was already creating a name for themselves long before Canadian Industry blossomed, with
Hollywood in the spotlight during World War I. This was "during the period when Hollywood was
establishing itself as a global force" There were a limited number of Canadian films being produced
by English film makers during the war, and this number would later begin to slowly rise when
Quebec filmmakers joined the industry following World War II.
(http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0011672).
Right around the time of World War I, American film companies had discovered the potential that
Canadian film had to offer and began making films with Canadian content. Soon, they were
advertising their interest in taking over the Canadian film industry. (CANADIAN FILM,
CLANDFIELD). It was through all of this that the Canadian Film Industry began.
Before a country can obtain a

Pia Bausch Essay
PINA BAUSCH: CLASS PRESENTATION
Introduction
Pina Bausch was born in Germany during World War II. It is hard to even imagine the totality of
destruction in Germany after the war. In Wuppertal, the industrial town in the West part of Germany
where Pina Bausch lived and worked, 64% of private houses and 75% of all the schools were
destroyed.
Germany was able to rebuild thanks to American financial aid. People in Germany, as in other
European beaten countries after the war, began to pin their hopes for happiness on the acquisition of
cars, television sets and furniture. About the time of Bausch's adolescence, comparing status
symbols began to be a more powerful form of personal communication than simple human contact.
Against this background ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The interior world is represented by the two female performers wearing petticoats and dancing with
their eyes closed, but also by the only man who dances without seeing. The exterior world, on the
other hand, is represented by the red–haired woman in fur–coat who moves around the set tic–
tocking with her high–heels. While her gestures and dance moves are aimed outwards and can be
easily associated with bustling urban environments and popular forms of entertainment, the gestures
of the two women in petticoats are aimed inwards, often towards the interior of their chests. The
external world is also populated by the man who clears the furniture out of the way (he was
originally played by Rolf Borzik, Pina's close collaborator, stage–designer and first husband) and by
the last man who tries, unsuccessfully, to shape the ways in which one of the interior women is
embraced by the interior man.
On the border between interior and exterior worlds, we find this café, connected to the outside by a
revolving glass door on which dancers sometimes smash themselves. In this space, the interior
women are blind to their surroundings except when bumping against the furniture. On the other,
bodies coming from the outside can see their surroundings and avoid bumping into the furniture but
are nonetheless unable to grasp the interiority of the other

The Renaissance And The Renaissance Era
When looking back at the array of time periods discussed in modern history, some stick out more
than others. One historical period that stands out in regards to the richness of the culture, as well as
the progressions in civilization, is the Renaissance era. Culture was a huge part of the Renaissance
era. The vast artistic styles in all aspects of life during this time made for such a cultural focus. The
Renaissance era was called a rebirth of cultural awareness; theatre was a large part of this, including
Shakespeare's Globe Theatre. To understand the role theatre played in shaping the Renaissance era
one must understand what exactly the Renaissance was. The Renaissance is normally thought to
have begun in Italy during the fourteenth century and to have ended in the late sixteenth century
(Atlas). The Renaissance was described as a movement that affected all aspects of culture, literature,
and scholarship as well as painting, sculpture and architecture– and that consciously sought to
recover and revive the achievements of classical antiquity (Atlas). The diffusion of Renaissance
culture from Italy to Europe was made possible partly by the way Renaissance culture had diffused
and changed within Italy (Atlas). When the Renaissance movement reached Europe the English
Renaissance began. This is thought to have occurred in the early sixteenth century continuing until
the early seventeenth century. This era in England was called the Renaissance, meaning rebirth,
because of the

Richard Burbage
Edward Alleyn and Richard Burbage were both notable actors in Elizabethan England. These actors
have contributed to theatre in many ways, for both Elizabethan and English theatre. They have also
contributed to modern English Society in many ways. These actors have also performed in plays that
were scripted by Shakespeare himself. They have also performed and contributed to both the Globe
Theatre, and the Fortune Theatre. These actors also are notably rivals of one another in Elizabethan
theatre. These actors demonstrate their importance to theater and society through their construction
of theatres, their acting careers, and their contributions towards Elizabethan society in general.
Edward Alleyn was born in 1566, and was born in London, England. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He inspired others in Elizabethan Theatre, while also assisting in the construction of the well known
Globe Theatre. He also was a very good friend of Shakespeare, and therefore collaborated with him
in many of his plays. Richard Burbage also joined the Lord's Chamberlain's Men, which was a
theatrical company run by Shakespeare, and presented many fine plays in the timeframe. The Globe
Theatre may not have stood for over 200 years, but it inspired the construction of a brand new
theatre in 1997 named Shakespeare's Globe. This particular theatre not only modeled after what the
original Globe Theatre looked like, but it also introduced and hosted many plays over the years.
Richard Burbage may not have done a whole lot for English Society, but he mainly contributed to
the construction of the original Globe Theatre. Edward Alleyn however did many notable things in
Elizabethan theatre. He assisted in the construction of the Fortune Theatre, which was constructed in
a unique way that was much different than most Elizabethan theatres back in the day. The theatre
was constructed in a rectangular fashion on the inside, which was very different and unusual for
most Elizabethan theatres. Edward Alleyn also contributed to the English society in one specific
way, which was the construction of the Dulwich College. This was significant as it provided an
education and housing for the least fortunate scholars in

Progression Of Theatre Essay
The beginnings of theatre go back far I history. It started by acting out of religious rites portrayed by
sings and dances to their gods. It's believed to be started by the Greeks. " The very words theatre,
drama, tragedy and comedy are Greek in origin"(Brown 13). England has been the center of
theatricals for many generations. There are many actors from England that have achieved success in
America. England's plays have been preformed on American stages. This paper follows the
progression of the theatre and its elements of acting, set design and technology from birth to future
in American theater. Americans love theatre, people flock to New York City to see the top plays,
first runs and classics. There are many local community players, performing their arts in warehouse,
strip malls, dinner clubs and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A craft that was thought only for the rich has been marketed to children in schools, to their parents
and tickets are now more affordable. People are drawn to this style of entertainment. There are
theater lingo's like break a leg, the show must go on, dim the lights and curtain calls. I believe in
times of struggle the theatre is a form of escape for the masses and has been an escape method
throughout history. Theatre has continued to live on from the birth of American theatre to modern
theatre and continuing on now to the future through the progression of acting, design and
technology.
To understand the progression of acting, design and technology in theatre we start with the past
history, birth of American theatre. "It was the visiting actors from England, landing first in Virginia,
who laid the foundations of the American theatre, and along English lines that it developed"(
Hartnoll 165). Playhouses began to spring up in Virginia, North Carolina and Philadelphia. These
were the main areas of theatrical activity. The English

Difference Between Jacobean And Elizabethan Play
In general, Elizabethan as well as Jacobean plays, not only those of Shakespeare, were more or less
influenced by the tradition from which they had arisen, by the sources of information on which they
were based, and also by the current political situation in which they were written. While scholars
have disagreed about the direct influence of Seneca on Elizabethan drama. The Elizabethan era was
a time of relative hope and confidence. In the early seventeenth century, however, the national mood
seems to have become tense and anxious, partially because James was not as skillful a ruler as
Elizabeth. This period, called Jacobean from the Latin form of James's name, also is known as the
early Stuart era after James's family name. William Shakespeare ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Every fresh addition to the knowledge of the history and thought of ancient Greece and Rome was
eagerly welcomed. Sir Thomas North's translation of Plutarch's Lives, which was first published in
1579, provided the framework, and sometimes, even the wording, of the Roman plays of
Shakespeare, Beaumont and Fletcher, Ben Jonson and Massinger. These plays and their leading
figures undoubtedly made a special appeal to the Elizabethan playgoer, who perhaps drew a parallel
between the history of those days and the stirring times in which he himself was living. We may,
indeed, note here that it was easy for the English to identify themselves with the Romans, whose
occupation of Britain had left so firm an impression on their life, laws, and language, and whose
feeling for order, justice, and personal integrity in administration they had inherited. In later times,
when the English, like Romans, became great Empire–builders, their writers and orators often
expressed their pride in this similarity of ideals and achievements.Shakespeare himself must have
been keenly conscious of this affinity between his countrymen and their ancient

Essay on Katherine Dunham: a Woman of Many Wonders
Katherine Dunham was born in Chicago, Illinois on June 22, 1909 as the youngest child of Albert
Millard Dunham and Fanny June (Guillaume), with an older brother, Albert Jr., as well as children
from her mother's first marriage. Her heritage included Indian, French Canadian, English, Malagasy
(Madagascan) and African ancestry (Aschenbrenner 7). Dunham's mother passed away when
Katherine was only four and their father left the children with their aunt Lulu, where Katherine
faced multiple instances of prejudice as African Americans were flooding North at this time
(Aschenbrenner 8). These early experiences of prejudice and as a go between in her aunt Lulu's
custody battle for Dunham and her brother played a large role her approach between ... Show more
Influenced primarily by cultural roots and incredibly opportunity, Dunham had the luxury of
studying in the West Indies as well as anthropological study of other cultural style dances. The West
Indian experience changed forever the focus of Dunham's life and caused a profound shift in her
career. This initial fieldwork began a lifelong involvement with the people and dance of Haiti. And,
importantly for the development of modern dance, her fieldwork began her investigations into a
vocabulary of movement that would form the core of the Katherine Dunham Technique. Though
many of Dunham's primary influences lies within her multicultural experiences, Mark Turbyfill also
seemed to play a large role in her future dance career, giving her private lessons despite his doubt in
the opening of her student company (Kaiso! 187). Katherine Dunham has been list as an influence to
"everyone from George Balanchine to Jerome Robbins, Alvin Ailey, Bob Fosse and Twyla Tharp.
American dance, including ballet, modern dance, Hollywood and Broadway, would not be the same
without her" (Aschenbrenner 226).
Her student dance company was founded in 1931, "Ballet Negre" and awarded a Rosenwald Travel
Fellowship in 1936 for her combined expertise in dance and anthropology. While studying with
Ludmilla Speranzeva and Mark

Characteristics Of Renaissance Theatre
English Renaissance theatre, also known as early modern ENGLISH THEATRE, Or as Elizabethan
theatre, refers to the theatre of England between 1562 and 1642.
This is the style of the plays of WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE and
BEN JONSON.
It is considered to be the most brilliant period in the history of English theatre.
English Renaissance theatre encompasses the period between 1562 and 1642. Theatrical life was
largely centered in London, but plays were performed by touring companies all over England.
England company's even toured and performed English plays abroad; in Germany and in Denmark.
Costumes were often bright in colour and visually entrancing. Costumes were expensive,however so
usually players wore contemporary clothing regardless of the time period of the play. Otherwise
,costumes would be recycled and used in multiple different plays multiple times until it was too
worn to be used.
The growing population of London , the growing wealth of its people, and their fondness for
spectacle produced a dramatic literature of remarkable variety,quality , and extent. Although most of
the plays written for the Elizabethan stage have been lost ,over 600 remain.
Genres of the period included the history play, which depicted English or European ... Show more
So far, none of her suitors has decided to risk choosing one of the caskets, which is all for the good,
because Portia has no liking for any of them. However, when Nerissa mentions the name of
Bassanio, a possible suitor, Portia's mood brightens. He was once a visitor at Belmont, and Portia
was impressed with

William Shakespeare 's The Elizabethan Era
William Shakespeare is one of the most famous poets, dramatists, and actors of his time, let alone all
of all of history. Though many details of many aspects of his life are uncertain, it is evident through
the popularity of his works that he forever remain a distinguished individual of the Elizabethan era.
The stability of England under Queen Elizabeth I allowed artists to flourish as the populations
attention turned from that of the political and religious scene to more interest based endeavors,
including and arguably most importantly, the theater. Though his actual birth date is unknown,
William Shakespeare was born in Stratford–upon–Avon and baptized on April 23, 1564. Born to
John Shakespeare and Mary Arden, William had seven ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, it is known that after whatever education he experienced in his childhood and adolescence
came to a halt as he did not continue his education at the university level. Because of this detail,
there is speculation concerning the authorship of Shakespeare's works. At age eighteen, Shakespeare
married twenty–six year–old Anne Hathaway on November 28, 1582. At the time of their wedding
Anne was pregnant with the couple's first child, a girl, named Susanna. The newlyweds produced
two more children, a set of twins named Hamnet and Judith, in February of 1585. It is known that
Hamnet died at the age of eleven. Following the birth of the twins begins a period in Shakespeare's
life often referred to as the "Lost Years." It is known by this name as the author seemingly
disappeared from all records for approximately seven years. He was later found in London in the
year 1592. It is commonly believed that Shakespeare may have had to leave his hometown,
Stratford–upon–Avon, due to theft and poaching related incidents. Though it is only theorized,
Shakespeare came to London in the year 1588. It is at this time that the prodigy began to establish
himself as the writer and actor we know him as today. In 1594, Shakespeare was not only working
as an actor and writer for the prominent theater company titled Lord Chamberlain 's Men, but was a
managing partner in the business as well. The company's name was later

Essay On Girish Karnad
Godugunuri Prasad
The Man and The Writer
Girish Karnad is one of the foremost playwrights of the contemporary Indian stage. He has given the
Indian theatre a richness that could probably be equated only with his talents as an actor–director.
His contribution goes beyond theatre: he has directed feature films, documentaries and television
serials in Kannada, Hindi, and English and has played leading roles as an actor in Hindi and
Kannada art films, commercial movies and television serials. He has represented Indian in foreign
lands as an emissary of art and culture.
Karnad was born at Matheran ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He also acted the lead roles in 'Oedipus Rex' and 'Jokumaraswamy,' directed in Kannada by B.V.
Karanth, for the open–air festival in Bangalore in 1972. Karnad has also published a number of
articles, the most significant being 'In search of a New Theatre' in Contemporary Indian Tradition,
ed. Carla Borden (Washington; Smithsonian Press, 1988) and 'Theatre in India,' in Daedalus,
Vo1.118, No.4, pp.331–52.(7) While as Karnad is a multi–faceted personality, it is essentially as a
playwright that he is at his best. He confesses, "I have been fairly lucky in having a multi–pronged
career. You know, "I have been an actor, a publisher, and a film–maker." But in none of these fields
have I felt quite as much at home as in playwriting." In India, unfortunately, the writers cannot live
on their writing alone; it does not yield enough royalties for sustenance. Karnad says, "One can't
earn a comfortable living even from a successful play. Take Tughlaq,.' As we know, it's been
enormously successful ¬critically as well as in performance. Playwrights in the west have been able
to retire on such successes – or at least, to devote themselves to that activity entirely. I can't." Today
Girish Karnad considered one of the most significant Indian dramatists. He has enriched the Indian
literary scene by his contribution to art, culture, theatre and drama. It is most befitting that Karnad
has been conferred by the President of India, the prestigious awards, Padmasri in 1974 and
Padmabhushan in 1992. Also, he received the Gubbi Veeranna Award from the Government of
Karnataka in 1997. Karnad is based in Bangalore and lives with his wife, a medico and his two
children – a daughter – a

How Did Shakespeare Influence Today
Have you ever studied Shakespeare and the influences he has on our life today? Shakespeare has
over one hundred separate ways he influenced modern life. William Shakespeare has influenced
modern life by how we perform plays, our early childhood education, and the way we write poetry.
Shakespeare's writing has inspired many authors to study his work and create many wonderful
works of art. Even though Shakespeare died many years ago, some of his greatest works of art, such
as King Lear, Macbeth, and Hamlet are still enjoyed, and studied by many across the U.S. today.
Not only has he had an impact on life in the United States, he has had a lasting effect worldwide.
The words he created and wrote did not just affect the English language in England, ... Show more
Shakespeare introduced how actors could mimic a real life dramatical story, and many of today's
authors follow Shakespeare's example in the way they conduct and perform their plays. Most of
today's plays and movies can all connect to Shakespeare in some way. Theater, in particular has
encountered many changes throughout the years, including stage sets, costumes, and performances.
Even though todays theaters are not designed and shaped the same way as in Shakespeare's time, "It
is important that we understand Shakespeare's theater because it influenced how he wrote his plays"
(Anderson 728). Shakespeare wrote and performed many of his plays in the Globe Theater, but in
one play he references it as the "Wooden O." He placed trapdoors in the floor of this stage for
immediate exits, which even producers do in today's society, to make exiting less distracting, but
also to give the play a more dramatic effect. He gave us different variations of tragedy and comedy
plays, and the only difference is the resolution. In comedy plays the lovers are restored by the end,
but in tragedies the lovers either die or are parted forever. Many of Shakespeare's plays were written
with very intense emotions, adventures, and modern problems that we would face in society today.
Shakespeare's plays are still performed in schools, theaters, and festivals across the United States,
and one of the most famous productions is Romeo and Juliet. His tragedies like Romeo and Juliet
shaped modern theatrical culture to invent musical performances such as West Side

"Spunk" Play Review
Spunk Kenny Leon's True Color Theatre Company's production of Spunk: Three Tales by Zora
Neale Hurston at the 14th Street Playhouse on September 25, 2013, presented the audience with a
very culturally embellished version of Hurston's original three tales: "Sweat," "Story in Harlem
Slang," and "The Gilded Six Bits." Zora Neale Hurston strived to portray the reality of life as an
African American in the early 1900s through native dialect in her short stories and novels. Her most
notable production, Their Eyes Were Watching God, is a prime example of her effort to illustrate the
life of the everyday Negro in search of a better life. Each of the short stories portrays a different, yet
comparable view on African American culture in separate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Longing for her husband's forgiveness, Missy May promises to obey and fulfill his every desire
henceforth. After silent days and nights, Missy May decides to rid Joe of her presence, believing that
to be his wish. Reluctantly, she stays to prove her determination and love for her husband. The
conception of their first child really sparks the match in Joe's head that Missy May never meant to
do him wrong; after many months of neglect, Joe traveled down to Orlando for errands and took a
detour to his favorite candy store. With Otis Slemmons' gilded coin, Joe spent "all dat in kisses."
While there, he though of his "lil boy chile [at] home now. Tain't a week old yet, but he kin suck a
sugar tit and maybe eat one them [molasses] kisses hisself" (p. 11). The True Colors Theatre
Company take advantage of their minimal stage space and set to immerse the audience into the era
of Spunk and create the illusion of an enormous space. Although the stories focus mainly on
dialogue between the players, True Colors used an upper stage for the narrator to oversee the action
as it unfolds downstage, or close to the audience. All players in the company acted as narrators,
which displayed to the audience the feeling and importance of community during the Harlem
Renaissance and Black Migration. So much unhappiness and desire for change and improvement
consisted throughout the play. This circles all three of the stories back to spunk, which is defined as
courage,

The Character of Macbeth in William Shakespeare's Play Essay
The Character of Macbeth in William Shakespeare's Play
Macbeth
Macbeth was most likely written in 1606, early in the reign of James I, who had been James VI of
Scotland before he succeeded to the English throne in 1603. James was a patron of Shakespeare's
acting company, and of all the plays Shakespeare wrote under James's reign, Macbeth most clearly
reflects the playwright's close relationship with the sovereign. In focusing on Macbeth, a figure from
Scottish history, Shakespeare paid homage to his king's Scottish lineage. Additionally, the witches'
prophecy that Banquo will found a line of kings is a clear nod to James' family's claim to have
descended from the historical Banquo. In a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The conventions of a play like Macbeth are very clear, as Shakespeare presents them to the audience
throughout. For example, when Macbeth is on stage on his own he has several monologues. These
can be perceived as the character talking to the audience, as this empowers the audience, and the
reader of the play. When characters are alone on stage they gain a greater meaning of the art form,
and can relate to both the character on stage, and any political or cultural factor involved within the
play. Moments like this in the play are easy for the audience to understand, Shakespeare clearly lays
out the form for the audience throughout the play and this helps develop the meaning.
Macbeth is a famously violent play. Interestingly, most of the killings take place offstage, but
throughout the play the characters provide the audience with gory descriptions of the carnage, from
the opening scene where the captain describes Macbeth and Banquo wading in blood on the
battlefield, to the endless references to the bloodstained hands of Macbeth and his wife. The action
is bookended by a pair of bloody battles: in the first, Macbeth defeats the invaders; in the second, he
is slain and beheaded by Macduff. In between is a series of murders: Duncan, Duncan's
chamberlains, Banquo, Lady Macduff, and Macduff's son all come to bloody ends. By the end of the
action, blood seems to be everywhere.

The Quakerism Movement
Quakerism began as a loose movement of radical dissenters in the mid–17th Century. They were
undoubtedly a revolutionary and unsettling movement when they first started. They rejected
scripture, the sacraments, hierarchy and the Church of England. Many Acts were passed to ensure
that they were ostracised from society and making their worship illegal and punishable with fines
and imprisonment. Early on in their development they were a nebulous and individualistic
movement but several high profile schisms within the movement led to an effort to regain control of
Quakerism through various measures; yearly epistles full of advice for Friends and the adoption of a
loose hierarchy in the form of Elders, Clerks and Overseers. This attempt to gain control of the
movement gained pace in the eighteenth century despite a concerted movement towards the laws
against Quakers and other nonconformists being repealed and relaxed. Some historians argue that by
the 18th Century, when Wild Oats was written, the Quakers had become almost sect–like: 'By mid
eighteenth century, the term 'sect' could rightly be applied to the Society of Friends [Quakers]. The
organisation showed many of the hallmarks: supervision of ministry, censorship, limitation of
individual activity, strict marriage discipline, endogamy, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
He trained as an artist, but at the age of twenty–seven his sight began to deteriorate (he traced the
source of the problem to falling into the River Liffey and catching a chill in his youth). After a two
year trip to London, where he became an admirer of playwright and director David Garrick, he
turned instead to acting and writing plays for the Dublin and London stages. As he said, 'a man can
compose with his pen in the hand of an amanuensis [typist]; but the pencil he must hold in his own
hand'. O'Keeffe wrote his first play The She Gallant when he was twenty, and it was performed in
Dublin at the Smock Alley

Essay about Elizabethan Theater
Elizabethan Theater
Drama changed literature and theater into what it is today. I. History of Elizabethan Theater a.
forming of theater 1. medieval church 2. mystery and morality b. actors 1. rogues and thieves 2.
acting guilds II. Influences and people a. commanding actors 1. Shakespeare 2. Burbage b. other 1.
wars of the roses (other historical influences) 2. laws restricting theater III. The theaters a. prices 1.
seating 2. stage b. the theater and the globe 1. locations and characteristics 2. Burbage and other
accomplishment Elizabethan Drama During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, England underwent a
dramatic change in priorities. The importance of art and literature became highly prevalent. The
impact of the Elizabethan drama and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When Christopher Marlowe, the most famous playwright in his time (Lace, 79), died, William
Shakespeare was his successor. Shakespeare decided drama was to be his career after seeing the
Queen's Players during a visit to his hometown of Stratford–on–Avon in 1587 (Lace, 79). By the
time of Marlowe's death, Shakespeare was already well known for his three part "Henry VI" in 1592
(Lace, 79). His plays "Love's Labour's Lost" and "Romeo and Juliet", both in 1594, were performed
and he became the most outstanding playwright of his time (Lace, 79). Before Elizabeth's reign was
over, "Richard II", "Julius Caesar", "Henry V", and "Hamlet" had been performed (Lace, 79). James
Burbage was the second most influential actor of the Elizabethan period, but not only for his acting
talent. Burbage built the first ever public playhouse in England, opening in 1576 (Unknown, 218).
Burbage financed the building of "The Theater" alone, a well off man but was still considered a
rogue. Actors were not the only influence on theater. When Mary Tudor decided the throne was
rightfully hers, the War of the Roses ensued (Lace, 73). Because of the War of the Roses, many
nobles, that employed actors, were killed (Lace, 73). This forced actors to form their own troupes
(Lace, 73). In 1572, parliament passed the Poor Laws, making it a criminal offense to be a vagabond
(Lace, 75). This reduced the number of acting companies and required them to be

Bubonic Plague Outline
Jack Shi
Mr. Smith
English 2 Honors
16 October 2014
Shrewsearch
Topic: The Black Death
Summary:
The Bubonic Plague, otherwise known as the Black Death, was a contagious disease that had been
spread throughout many countries such as China and Egypt during the early 1340s. During the late
months of 1347, the plague had finally arrived into Europe by using 12 trading ships and their
sailors as hosts. A person with the disease would usually have large, black boils that formed near
their underarm or groin area. These boils would usually cause blood and pus to leak out and be an
early symptom for someone who had the plague. The forming of these boils would usually then lead
to vomiting, fever, and unable to keep in food. All these symptoms would ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Boy am I glad I got to research him though. I always knew him as just an important person in
American literature but I didn't really know any history behind it. I've read some of Shakespeare's
works in school but they never really interested me because I did not understand a lot of the book. I
always thought he was a crazy playwright who wrote in a tongue that not really anyone but the
teachers understood. By researching about this person, I'm able to gain new knowledge that I had
not known before while also gaining information about the book we're going to read. William
Shakespeare has just improved the amount of things I know in my life. I know how life back then
was for someone as famous as Shakespeare. I know that he was just someone who was pretty much
normal until he created his famous writing style. I can kind of relate to Shakespeare because our
childhoods were somewhat similar in that we both grew up in just a middle class family. We weren't
really anything special until we went on to discover who we truly were. Learning about Shakespeare
also helps me understand a little more about The Taming of the Shrew. I know that because this
book is a comedy, he wrote this in the early years of his career. By doing this research on
Shakespeare, I was not only able to gain extra knowledge for myself but also a bit of background for
the book we're going to read.

Impact Of Duritan Era On India
IMPACT OF VICTORIAN ERA ON INDIA: LITERATURE AND LANGUAGES;
STREAMLINING ENGLISH MEDIUM EDUCATION The British Rule lasted for about 200 years
in India (1763–1947). Early on, it started with the East India Company invading and conquering
India and eventually there was a colonial shift of power, from the East India Company to the Crown,
which was under the reign of Queen Victoria. She was an important proponent in transferring
control of India from the East India Company to the British Government in 1858. She was declared
"Empress of India" in 1876 after this shift of power. This process had many long–term effects,
including the increased use of the English language outside of Europe. It is important to realize from
the outset that the Victorian period is quite long. Her reign stretched for about 63 extensive years,
longer than any other British monarch. The period saw the rise of a highly idealized notion of what
is "English" or what constitutes an "Englishman". ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They employed the strategy of emotional and intellectual colonization in India to consolidate the
political colonization expecting the malleable Indians to learn, speak and believe English and
become shadows of Englishmen. The cunning colonial government selected the education system as
the instrument for hitting the target. Since 1813, the planned enterprise started and was given a
precise dimension with the formulation of T.B Macaulay's "The Minute on Indian Education" in Feb
1835. Macaulay in his Minute completely ridiculed the Indian languages and called them dialects,
labeling them as rude and poor. He stated "I have never found one (oriental scholar) among them
who could deny that a single shelf of a good European library was worth the whole native literature
of India and

William Shakespeare Research Paper
William Shakespeare is accredited to writing thirty–eight plays, sonnets, and five other poems. It is
believed that he was born in the Shakespeare dwelling on Henley Street, Stratford–upon–Avon,
England. His birth date is widely assumed but, the actual date was not recorded as British births
were not registered and birth certificates were not manufactured. Shakespeare was born to John and
Mary, as the third child of the residence. Joan and Margaret, the two previous children died
tragically of the Bubonic Plague. As his grandfather was a farm produce seller, his family was in
constant state of danger of the Bubonic Plague. Shakespeare wed Anne Hathaway on November 28,
1582, in Worchester. Hathaway was pregnant during this wedding, and their first child Susanna was
born May 26, 1583. Two years later, Hathaway delivered twins named Hamnet and Judith. Hamnet
later died of the Bubonic Plague at the age of eleven. After the twins were born, there were seven
years ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is regarded as the connection between the Middle Ages and our modern history. It is believed that
it originated in Italy as a cultural movement during the Late Medieval period. This spread
throughout the rest of Europe, marking the origins of the Early Modern Age. The scholarly basis of
this period was its own version of humanism. Renaissance humanism is the study of the classical
antiquity of which originated in Italy, gradually spreading across Western Europe during the
fourteenth to sixteenth centuries. This new philosophy became visible in literature, science, politics,
architecture, and art. Shakespeare influenced this period in a plethora of ways. A few of the ways he
did this were by standardizing the English language, expanding the vocabulary of the English
language, and deepening the humanity of his characters through emotional complexity and many
references to Greek and Roman

Analyse the Dramatic Uses of the Chorus in Greek Tragedy;...
The full influence of Greek tragedy upon our modern theatre is incomprehensible, with the
mainstays of theatrical convention largely demonstrating roots within Greek tragedy. The choric
function is just one of these conventions. This essay hopes to explore various uses of the Chorus
within Greek tragedies by Aeschylus and Sophocles, and then to analyse how traits of a Greek
Chorus, and the choric function can be found within 20th Century Theatre. The Chorus in Greek
tragedy was a large group (it is suggested between 12 and 30) of people who sang or chanted songs
and poems that helped set the scene of the play, bring the audience up to date with the events
preceding the play and inform the audience of any political or social consequences ... Show more
They explain, ‘Fear's a good gateman to stand guard of the passions' (page 100).
For Sophocles the Chorus has yet again a more reduced role, as more actors are introduced into his
plays. The focus yet again turns towards dialogue between characters, and away from interaction
purely between actor and Chorus. The Sophoclean Chorus is not emotionally separate from the
action, it is involved emotively with the story being portrayed, and can show sympathy (and in
contrast, hatred) towards the events on the stage. In Sophocles' Oedipus the King the Chorus
function as witnesses to the downfall of Oedipus from proud monarch to blind, helpless man. The
Chorus' first speech to Oedipus describes the plague that has infected the city. As Oedipus insists he
wants to find the murderer of Laius, the Chorus suggest that he ask Teiresias (page 194). The Chorus
here prompts the actor to step further towards his impending fate. The Chorus also prove to be a
calming influence, trying to mediate between Teiresias, Oedipus, Creon and Jocasta at various
points within the play. They also are still optimistic when the truth is nearly out, telling Oedipus to,
‘hope, until you hear from the man who saw what happened' (page 216). The Chorus within

Medieval And Renaissance Theatre : Overview Of Medieval...
Overview of Medieval and Renaissance Theatre Throughout the early Middle Ages, the theater had
suffered some underdevelopment and ultimately diverged a great deal from the Greek ritualistic
theater. The Middle Ages ranged from the 5th century to the 15th century A.D. and theater during
this time is split up into two parts. During the early age, (5th to 8th) it was a time where there was
essentially no major progress in the field and everything learned seemed to have been forgotten. The
activities that were going on at the time made theater a simpler version of what everyone looked up
to. It was a time where theater really struggled to survive. By the end of the age (9th to 15th), the
theater got out of its failing state and once again began prospering and contributing for the new
generations. In hindsight, it is surprising theater survived this period due to disinterested people.
Early this period, the interest for the theater was at it all time nadir amongst the Western world and
the only attentive viewers were the royal families. Bearing in mind this vigorous demographic,
theatrical plays performed prominently for the French and Anglican kingdoms (Walker 188). It is
stimulating to note that theater was not only performed in small groups it was also regarded as the
same type of entertainment as the ones of mimes, acrobats, dancers, jugglers, storytellers, and
wrestlers (Walsh 375). One would think that it would have been highly regarded even during these
dark

Robert Wilson's Influence On Theatre
Introduction
The art form of theatre can be traced far back several centuries, with its origin not properly
identified. We can find many different styles of it in civilizations from the Ancient Greeks, Ancient
Romans, Ancient Chinese and more. It has developed through many styles in order to become what
we see on stage today. As new technologies began to emerge in the late 20th century, lights, sound
and visualization became increasingly important to theatre. More theatre creators began seeing them
as not additional accessories, but a whole concept just as important as dialogue and movement. The
use of technology has become such a value in theatre that companies such as the Production
Resource Group have emerged in order to provide live productions ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He attended university in his home state of Texas, before studying at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn,
New York. Despite training in America, much of his career has been made in Europe. He started
getting involved with the performing arts as a child by learning from dance instructor Byrd
Hoffman. Wilson says that "she never taught technique, she never gave [him] a way to approach it, it
was more that [he] discovered it on [his] own". We can see this in his work, as he's against the
traditional trend of naturalism, saying "naturalism is not interesting because it kills the mystery ... I
like to use my imagination." Inspired by Hoffman's teaching of knowledge of the body, Wilson
named his group of experimental theatre creators and performers the Byrd Hoffman School of Byrds
early in his career. Although this group dissolved in the mid 1970s, today there is The Watermill
Centre – also set up by Wilson – where students can train and create experimental theatre. Wilson is
now best known for his use of lighting and visual aesthetics to serve dramatic and narrative purpose
through colour, where "not one production goes by without Wilson dismembering the body ... with
light." Rather than making the production realistic for the audience, Wilson uses lighting to "define
the

Role Of Girish Karnad
The Man And The Writer Godugunuri Prasad
Girish Karnad is one of the foremost playwrights of the contemporary Indian stage. He has given the
Indian theatre a richness that could probably be equated only with his talents as an actor–director.
His contribution goes beyond theatre: he has directed feature films, documentaries and television
serials in Kannada, Hindi, and English and has played leading roles as an actor in Hindi and
Kannada art films, commercial movies and television serials. He has represented Indian in foreign
lands as an emissary of art and culture.
Karnad was born at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He also acted the lead roles in 'Oedipus Rex' and 'Jokumaraswamy,' directed in Kannada by B.V.
Karanth, for the open–air festival in Bangalore in 1972. Karnad has also published a number of
articles, the most significant being 'In search of a New Theatre' in Contemporary Indian Tradition,
ed. Carla Borden (Washington; Smithsonian Press, 1988) and 'Theatre in India,' in Daedalus,
Vo1.118, No.4, pp.331–52.(7) While as Karnad is a multi–faceted personality, it is essentially as a
playwright that he is at his best. He confesses, "I have been fairly lucky in having a multi–pronged
career. You know, "I have been an actor, a publisher, and a film–maker." But in none of these fields
have I felt quite as much at home as in playwriting." In India, unfortunately, the writers cannot live
on their writing alone; it does not yield enough royalties for sustenance. Karnad says, "One can't
earn a comfortable living even from a successful play. Take Tughlaq,.' As we know, it's been
enormously successful ¬critically as well as in performance. Playwrights in the west have been able
to retire on such successes – or at least, to devote themselves to that activity entirely. I can't." Today
Girish Karnad considered one of the most significant Indian dramatists. He has enriched the Indian
literary scene by his contribution to art, culture, theatre and drama. It is most befitting that Karnad
has been conferred by the President of India, the prestigious awards, Padmasri in 1974 and
Padmabhushan in 1992. Also, he received the Gubbi Veeranna Award from the Government of
Karnataka in 1997. Karnad is based in Bangalore and lives with his wife, a medico and his two
children – a daughter – a

How Did Shakespeare Impact The World
The 16th Century was a time in history that produced a great amount of people that contributed to
different aspects that affect the world we see to day. The technology, entertainment and education of
today was greatly impacted by important individuals. Entertainment evolved from what had
originally been know at the time. An individual that contributed to that was, William Shakespeare.
William Shakespeare was a famous playwright and poet that was born in the 16th Century, lived in
London for some of his life and influenced literature, theater and the English language in multiple
ways. Shakespeare was a man of incredible talent and in his life had over 193 works. Shakespeare
paved the way for a new generation of writers with the influence his ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Shakespeare expanded what could be accomplished through characterization, plot and genre. At the
time plays were with characters and plots that were symbolic rather than realistic. Shakespeare made
changes that resonated on emotional levels with audiences. "In a play like Hamlet... Shakespeare
'integrated characterization with plot' in a matter that plot becomes dependent upon the development
of characters."( ). In Romeo and Juliet, the new genre romantic tragedy was created. Shakespeare
mixed tragedy and comedy to create the genre. The romance genre had not been a topic under
tragedy prior to Shakespeare doing this. Shakespeare's main categories had included: tragedies,
comedies and histories. Shakespeare had written 37 plays, 2 narrative poems, and 154 sonnets. All
of these works were created in a time span of approximately 30 years. He was the first at the time to
merge together: verse, poetry and drama. He used a blank verse his whole career and perfecting the
way we see it today. With the combination of those three, the beginning of the modernization of
English literature was marked. Shakespeare gave us new ways to express hope, despair and sorrow
with his styles of writing. The English language was also enriched by Shakespeare as he made it
more expressive and colorful. "... He is credited with introducing nearly 3,000 words to the English
language."( ). It has been said he used 15,000 words in his plays, a portion of these he created by
merging existing words together and anglicizing vocabulary from foreign languages. His works are
the second most often quoted after the Bible. With that title to his name, he is the most quoted
playwright of all–time with fellow writer trailing behind him. Shakespeare's works are also
continually performed in non–English speaking nations. The writings are usually literally translated
in order the true originality to Shakespeare's

Why I Choose French Language Course Essay
"If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his
own language, that goes to his heart," Nelson Mandela once declared. Nowadays there are over
6,500 languages in our world, but sadly the only 571 million, which is 8.3% of the world population
are second language speakers according to a research by Dr. Bernard Comrie's article for the Encarta
Encyclopedia (1998). The foreign language that I would like to learn besides English is French
language. In France, the first language spoken is French language. Through this assignment I will
explain several reasons why I chose French language course throughout difference aspect.
The first reason why I chose French language course as my language course ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In French, they only eat simple breakfast and to them lunch and dinner are the main meal of the day.
Homes desserts are normally yogurt and fruit. Because of this type of eating habits, the rates of
obesity and heart disease in France is lower than in other European countries. In France, cutlery is
used in the continental manner, this mean the fork in the left hand, prongs facing down and the knife
in the right hand. French etiquette prohibits the placing of hands below the table and the placing of
elbows on it. Those are some French food culture that I think we should learn from them.
Other fact that I have learned about French culture is they almost have a similar culture with
Malaysia which is freedom of belief. In France, there are many type of religion we can find like
Catholicism, Islam, Judaism, and Buddhism. Because of its respect of religious freedom, there are
no issue of racism and religious doctrine. So I feel free to visit or study in France. This make the
French language I learned is useful in

Robert Edmond Jones
Robert Edmond Jones was born December 12, 1887, in Milton, New Hampshire. Jones was the
second child born to Fred and Emma Jane Cowell Jones. He began to take violin lessons at the age
of nine, eventually playing in the Harvard Pierian Sodality Orchestra, but even when he was a child
he was sure being an artist was his aspiration. In 1905, Jones graduated from Nute High School and
enrolled in Harvard University the succeeding autumn. During his time at Harvard, he pursued a
liberal arts course of study and graduated cum laude in 1910. In this same time period, he had
entered in the popular drama course taught by George Pierce Baker. Following graduation Jones
stayed at Harvard for two more years as a graduate aide and eventually as an instructor ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was an unashamed beggar for beauty and an unsurpassed inventor of it. Here are some of his
famous quotations from "The Dramatic Imagination," "We have learned that beneath the surface of
an ordinary everyday normal casual conscious existence there lies a vast dynamic world of impulse
and dream, a hinterland of energy which has an independent existence of its own and laws of its
own: laws which motivate all our thoughts and actions." "Our playwrights are attempting to express
directly to the audience the unspoken thoughts of their characters, wo show us not only the patterns
of their conscious behavior but the pattern of their subconscious lives." "We accept motion pictures
unthinkingly as objective transcripts of life, whereas in reality they are subjective images of life."
"On stage we shall see the actual characters of the drama; on the screen we shall see their hidden
secret selves." The theatre is a school we shall never have done with studying and learning." "A
stage setting is not a background; it is an environment." "I think [the theatre] needs also actors who
have in them a kind of wildness, an exuberance, a take–it–or–leave–it quality, a dangerous quality."
"I am indebted to the great Madame Freisinger for teaching me the value of simplicity in the
theatre." "The sole aim of the arts of scene–designing,

India 's Opinion On Indian Theatre
The aim of this essay is to explore how Indian theatre has developed within Britain, society's
opinion on Indian performers in theatre and how it is now becoming more acceptable and respected
in modern day British theatre. It is very clear that ethnical established ways of thinking have always
been challenged in Indian theatre performance for several reasons. These consist of the
disadvantages faced by the ethnic groups on the British stage, the use of Indian languages, and how
Indian Theatre is looked upon by audiences – Indian and non–Indian. Tara Arts Theatre Company
will be used as a case study throughout this essay.
Firstly, in the report from, The Arts Britain Ignores it is highlighted that the historical disadvantages
faced by "ethnic minority arts... (were) ... lack of premises to rehearse, lack of comparable back up
that is afforded to equivalent native British groups, lack of acceptance within the arts structure"
(Khan, 1976, cited in Hingorani, 2010, p. 4). From this it is apparent hat earlier on even though the
Indian theatre community were producing great plays they still had to work and overcome the
barrier of not having any help, support or encouragement from the mainstream British theatre
industries and arts councils.
These boundaries all lead up to Tara Arts Theatre Company. The birth of Tara Arts was created when
a male Asian youth called Gurdip Singh Chaggar was killed in a racial responsive attack. This took
place in London on 4 June 1976. (Hingorani, 2010,

The Positive And Negative Impacts Of The Theatrical...
With resounding consistency, every reference to The Theatrical Syndicate begins with the same
anecdotal tale: "One day in 1896, six theatre businessmen met for lunch at the Holland House
Hotel." The gentlemen gathered that day where in a consensus about a few things, but the greatest of
which being the state of the American theatre and its institutional need for centralization. (Mroczka)
The aim of the following discussion is to contextualize this organization within American theatre
history while illustrating the positive and negative impacts of The Theatrical Syndicate on the
theatre community. For much of the 19th century, theatre production hinged on resident stock
company and visiting star systems. The former was an English import and signified the delineations
between a permanent or touring company. Resident companies had an arsenal of plays that would be
performed nightly, on a rotating basis, by actors selected on their ability to play interchangeable
"stock" characters. This practice was innovated mid–century by the "visiting star system." The
resident stock company was self–sufficient in staging productions, but when big name actors came
into town, they would often make their way on the bill for local productions as a way to draw
crowds. (Encyclopedia Britannica) As a promotional method, however, this system would prove too
great a burden on operating costs. This would serve as one of many reasons American theatre would
shortly hereafter transition into a

How Did Elizabethan Theater Affect Popular Entertainment?
How did Elizabethan theater affect popular entertainment? It affected popular entertainment
massively at the time because it was very different than anything that had been popular
entertainment before it and because even though it was popular it attracted a lot of criticism from the
English Society. It came about in a time when drama shifted from religious to a secular function in
society. The Elizabethan Theater lasted from the end of the 16th century and well into the 17th
century. And it set out the stage for some actors very well–known even today. From the violence that
was prevalent because of the Black Death, people turned to the theater for many reasons.
Elizabethan theatre was popular for its time because Queen Elizabeth encouraged the arts, it was
somewhere for every social class to go, and people could relate to the plays. One of the reasons that
Elizabethan theatre was so popular was that it was enjoyed by Queen Elizabeth herself. Elizabeth
loved learning new things. She would read and study for hours at a time. She also had a lot of
knowledge when it came to history. She could read books in Latin and French. When she grew
older, she could translate classic works into English. She also enjoyed writing and reading poetry,
and a few of her poems still exist today. Elizabeth was also into arts and literature. She loved
watching plays and dramatic performances. "She hired her own company of actors called "The
Queen's Players." The art spread because of the queen. Her

Masculinity In Shakespeare's Time
"Masculinity is not something given to you, but something you gain. And you gain it by winning
small battles with honor" (Mailer, n.d). This quote by Norman Mailer faultlessly describes
masculinity in a way that should be considered and reflected on by the majority of people in our
society today. Masculinity may be difficult to understand, but as humans, we have the access and
ability to discover and examine all the possible meanings of masculinity by different scholars,
academics, peers and even through theatre to discover the true meaning of such ideologies we
choose to identify ourselves with. William Shakespeare is an extremely perceptive and suggestive
author who is rich in his writing. Although Shakespeare's writing is not solely a dialogue on
women's studies, it does nonetheless share and consists of issues in women's studies and gender
ideology. Not only does Shakespeare reflect, he occasionally supports the English Renaissance
stereotypes of men and women and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, when reflecting upon the character Orsino, one may begin to question this. A significant
attribute that exemplified masculinity was the Renaissance Beard. Sexual differences and
appearances in the early modern period have differed significantly in society's matters of these
distinctions today. In the Renaissance period, facial hair often granted masculinity as "the beard
made the man" (Fisher, 2009). The array of male features and prosthetic body parts such as the
genitals can definitely distinguish the differences between male and female, however, in the
Renaissance period, something as simple as the growth of a beard will signify manhood. Therefore,
it is obvious that masculinity can be presented through a combination of

How Did Jose Limón Changed My Life
"What I saw simply and irrevocably changed my life. I saw the dance as a vision of ineffable power.
A man could, with dignity and towering majesty, dance... dance as Michelangelo's visions dance and
as the music of Bach dances." These were the words spoken by José Limón as he witnessed his first
dance program in the New York City in 1928. José Limón would come to be known as one of the
most critical figures in the development of modern dance. Coming from a country with a rich,
diverse culture, Mexican–born ballet dancer and choreographer José Limón contributed to the
American modern artworks of dance through his own perception of movement styles and using the
human body as an emotional guide.
José Limón's early years began in Mexico, which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
19). From 1932 to 1933, Limón made two more Broadway appearances, in the musical revue
Americana and in Irving Berlin's As Thousands Cheer, choreographed by Charles Weidman ("José
Limón"). Limón also tried his hand at choreography at Broadway's New Amsterdam Theatre (Lewis
et al. 19). Limón made several more appearances throughout the next few years in shows such as
Humphrey's New Dance, Theatre Piece, With my Red Fires, and Weidman's Quest (Lewis et al. 19).
In the 1930s, Limón also developed his skills as a choreographer ("José Limón"). At the Bennington
Festival at Mills College in 1939, he created his first important work, Danzas Mexicanas (Lewis et
al. 20). In 1943, Limón's made his final appearance on Broadway in Balanchine's Rosalinda, a piece
he performed with Mary Ellen Moylan ("Jose Limón"). After being discharged from the United
States Army at the end of 1945, Limón became a United States citizen ("José Limón"). In 1946, he
established his own company, the Limón Dance Company, with Humphrey as Artistic Director
("Chronology"). Respectably, José Limón and Company was the first dance company to travel
abroad on a cultural mission to South America to perform in 1954 (Limón et al. 121). Furthermore,
Limón scored a success with his first major work, The Moor's Pavane in 1949, which compressed
the "turbulent emotions" of Shakespeare's Othello into the formal framework of a court dance (Jones

Queen Elizabeth's Lasting Effect on Theater Essay
Queen Elizabeth's Lasting Effect on Theater
Queen Elizabeth came to be known as one of the greatest rulers of the English empire. Under the
reign of Queen Elizabeth I, a more efficient government was created. The church was unified, the
English empire was expanded, and language, literature, and theater flourished to a greatness that
would be impossible for almost any other period of English history, or any other European empire,
for that matter, to match. Although there was a great rise in literature,it was theater that catapulted to
greatness during Elizabeth's reign. Out of Elizabeth's era came Elizabethan theater. Elizabethan
theater has such a variety of topics, that would make it virtually impossible to talk about in ten
pages. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"To the Queen's interest, some six to ten plays were given every winter at court and she saw many
others when in progress throughout the country or while attending weddings or banquets in
London."(Clunes 27) Within time, Elizabeth was awarding more performances in court. That is one
of the ways Elizabeth helped the theater arts to florish. The more performances that were given, the
more theater became popular, and the more the people of England wanted to see it. The Companies
During the Elizabethan Era many things emerged. Amongst them was the creation of Adult
Companies. Approximately twenty–four Adult Companies were developed. (The Count Intruders,
The Earl of Leicester's men, Lord Rich's Men, Lord Abergavenny's Men, The Earl of Sussex's Men,
Sir Robert Lane's Men, The Earl of Lincoln's (Lord Clinton's) Men, The Earl of Warwick's Men, The
Earl of Oxford's Men, The Earl of Essex's Men, Lord Vaux's Men Lord Berkeley's Men, the Earl of
Arundel's Men, The earl of Hertford's Men, Mr. Evelyn's Men, The Earl of Derby's Men (Lord
Strange's) Men, The Earl of Pembroke's Men, The Lord Admiral's (Lord Howard's, Earl of
Nottingham's), Prince Henry's, and Elector Palatine's Men, The Lord Chamberlain's Men (Lord
Hunsdon's) and King's Men, The Earl of Wosterster's and Queen Anne's Men, The Duke of Lennox's
Men, The Duke of York's (Prince Charles's) Men, and

Theatre Tradition In The Renaissance Theatre
Theatre Tradition: English Renaissance Theatre
The Renaissance as we all know and have learnt is defined as the cultural rebirth that occurred in
Europe from the fourteenth century to the middle of the seventeenth century. The Renaissance is
usually grouped with Italy and the artistic development that took place there, with the focus shifting
from god or a higher deity to man, the emergence of the well renowned Leonardo Da Vinci, the idea
of observing, evaluating and then coming to a conclusion were major influences in Italy and are
often studied about. However the Renaissance affected other countries in similar ways to further
their progress as a society. The Neoclassical Era in France, the Elizabethan Era in England all began
during the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But before the amphitheatres there were inn–yards. The Elizabethan Inn–yards were a fore–runner
to Elizabethan Theatres – such as the Globe Theatre. Elizabethan Inns were always popular. Not
only did they provide alcohol but they also provided rooms and lodgings for the Elizabethan
traveller. All of these amphitheatres consisted of a large open space in which the audience would
stand. This open space was called the pit and was meant for those people who couldn't afford a
proper seat within the theatre itself, this would usually cost only one penny. These audience
members were called the "understanders" as they were not as educated and high class. Behind the
'understanders' would be three rings of galleries, one above the other, each nine or ten feet high,
where the people were prepared to pay a little more for a better seat and cushions. For the upper
class there were special seats, or rooms called the "lords rooms" which were positioned above the
entrances of the stage. Even though the seats were poor for watching the play itself they were
mainly to show the others their privilege. The stage itself was a "proscenium–arch" stage, putting
the scenes into a pictorial frame allowing the audience to have a clear perspective of where to look
at. Restoration theatres came into existence in 1660. The picture–frame stage is the basis of most
modern staging and certainly the model for all cinema and television

Anger In A Doll's House
Anger is perhaps not well understood because it is omnipresent; anger is so familiar that we assume
we know what it is. Anger may be partly physiological, cognitive and psychological, yet it is also
deeply ideological. Anger can be manifested in art or literature as a communal sensation towards
social, political or economical conditions. (Sue J. 6)
"It is wise to direct your anger towards problems – not people; to focus your energies on answers –
not excuses," said William Arthur Ward (Ward 24), and so much can be said for the authors,
dramatists and novelists, in the modern era who attempted, through their writings, to crack the shell
that is the literary restrictions on writing, and expressed their anger toward all their surroundings. In
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the turn of the century, Expressionism and Symbolism were important, especially in Northern
Europe. Both involved non–realistic styles of acting, staging, and language, with expressionism
concentrating on using unusual technical devices to project the interior states of characters.
Surrealist drama, including the work of Eugene Ionesco, is an outgrowth of Expressionism, but no
longer presumes internal coherence and follows the illogic of dream states or random occurrences.
Another group of plays focused on social and political critique, in the case of Berthold Brecht
combined with techniques of alienation (which emphasize the unreal nature of the play) to force the
audience to think critically rather than empathetically. After the World War I western mostly lost its
separate literary identity and more internationally unified. Realism, naturalism and symbolism
continued to dominate the plays. In English drama John Galsworthy's plays are considered to be
plays of naturalism. Another important movement in early 20th century drama was expressionism.
They tried to depict the dehumanizing aspects of 20th century technological life. Even though we
cannot find much playwrights of expressionism in English other western writers followed this. The
Angry Young Men of England also engage in socially aware portraits of the working class but in a
more aesthetically conservative style. In a negative description,

The Role Of The British Actress And Playwright
An examination of the evolving role of the British actress and playwright within the early 18th and
19th centuries and the changing function of gender in performance.
"In terms of its theory, [socialist feminism] aims to analyse and understand the way in which
relations based on class interact with relations based on gender at both the individual and social
level. Socialist feminism recognizes that there are issues over which solidarity between women can
cut across class, cultural and time barriers." – Michelene Wandor on Socialist Feminism
******
Gender inequality has punctuated theatre since it's infancy in classical tradition. The contemporary
structure of western theatre is dictated by a specific model, or ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The title of the performer, until only decades ago, was denoted by the individual's gender: the
"actor" being male and the "actress" being female (gender performing function). In recent times the
function of the performer has become the sole focus with the introduction of the term "actor" as a
universal label for all thespians. This essay will attempt to assess the voice and roles of the two
aforementioned women in an effort to examine the evolution of the female actor and playwright
within their individual period and the changing function of gender in performance.
The formal entrance of women on the stage in England is usually credited to the epoch of the
Restoration. Amongst the turbulence of the era spiked with civil unrest, religious upheaval, the first
regicide noted in modern history and the initial construction of the commonwealth's skeletal
democratic foundations, the Restoration primarily bore witness to a dramatic cultural revolution.
After the death of Elizabeth I and the accession of James I of Scotland, the era of 'reason' gave way
to an era of 'faith'. The competing ecclesiastical ideologies of the catholic church and the monarchy's
new religious testament,

The Man Called Peter Brook
On March 21st, 1925, in London, England, a man named Peter Brook was born. He was the,
"younger son of two Russian scientists who came to Britain in 1914 as refugees, and set up a
successful pharmaceuticals company, whose bestselling product was a laxative called 'Brooklax'.
Peter's older brother became a psychiatrist", (Peter Brook).Ever since Brook was a little kid, he had
a huge interest in film making. He went to school at Magdalen College of Oxford to read English
and Modern Languages. "Brook's first job after graduation was as a writer/director with the Crown
Film Unit. Although theatre directing was his second career choice, he was soon employed and early
classical productions at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre were followed by Shakespeare in
London and Stratford, (Peter Brook)."
Mr. Brook is known for directing theatrical productions, but he didn't start off doing live
entertainment. His first completed project was a movie that he did as an undergraduate student at
Magdalen College Oxford. "He made his first film on a budget of £250, using redundant sets and
some fledgling actors from among his friends and classmates – an early indication of his confidence
and his ability to attract casts and funding,(Peter Brook)." According to the New York Times,
"Brook directed an amateur adaptation of Laurence Sterne's eighteenth–century novel A Sentimental
Journey (1943)." From that moment on, little did he know that his career in the theatre world would
take off.

Anton Chekhov Contributions
"Why, doctor what an insightful play you've written. I bet your exploration of human situations will
last through the ages." This is not something people would normally say to their family physician.
That is because most physicians are trained to be logical concise thinkers who do not have room for
any unnecessary thoughts, which leaves them without much room for artistic expression. Now, if
Anton Chekhov was your doctor then there could be a possibility for some discussion about The
Cherry Orchard, The Sea Gull, or The Three Sisters while he was giving you your yearly physical.
That's because Chekhov was one of the most influential playwrights of his time and our time as
well. Chekhov was many things such as a physician, a master of the short story, and he had a small
but profound career in writing plays. Anton Chekhov lived an interesting life, which influenced his
future writings and writing style. To understand Chekhov his early life must be explored, his
exceptionally original writing style must be understood, and then with this knowledge his
contribution towards theatre can be examined. To understand the man's writing style and his
theatrical contributions, we must have an understanding of his background.
Anton Chekhov has an interesting history and grew up in a fascinating time. He was born in 1870 in
the Russian town of Taganrog. Chekhov's grandfather was a serf that had worked hard and was able
to buy his own freedom and that of his family (Rocamora pg

The Point Of Theatre And Motion Picture Technology
"The point of theatre is transformation: to make an extraordinary event out of ordinary material right
in front of an audience 's eyes. Where the germ of the idea came from is pretty much irrelevant.
What matters to every theatre maker, I know, is speaking clearly to the audience 'right now. '" This
quote by English playwright and screenwriter, Lee Hall, from an essay he published in the Times of
London, is central to the connection between theatre and motion picture technology. Since the rise
of film in the early twentieth century, these elements have been influencing each other, and working
together, to elevate the storytelling and experience of each medium and, in turn, better connecting
them to the modern audience. The collaboration of these two mediums has resulted in a new form of
theatre, known as digital theatre, that shows "theatrical entertainment does not have to be either
purist (involving only 'live' actors on stage), or be consumed by the dominant televisual mass media,
but can gain from the strengths of both types of communication."(Masura). Throughout this paper,
the intersection of theatre and motion picture technology will be explored through their effect on
each other, in storytelling and experience, and the product of their collaboration–digital theatre. To
begin understanding these medium's influence on one another, it is important to note that theatre's
effect on motion picture technology, and vice versa, does not alter the core principles of each

Rhetorical Analysis Of Harold Pinter 's ' The Room '
INTRODUCTION
I'm convinced that what happens in my plays could happen anywhere, at any time, in any place,
although the events may seem unfamiliar at first glance. If you press me for a definition, I'd say that
what goes in my plays is realistic, but what I'm doing is not realism" (Pinter, Harold Pinter: Plays, 2
ix)
Widely acknowledged as one of the great post–war generation dramatists, Harold Pinter's fame rests
on not only his popular dramas but also on his political activism which is rooted in his concern for
people and their condition in realms which can be termed as social, professional or political. In fact
it can be said that many of his works starting from the early comedies of menace to the later overtly
political plays run ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This triggers an interrogation as to what prompts Pinter to withhold information from the audience
or to rely on ambiguity. The answer is the illusionary nature of truth. Truth to one can be a lie to
another and to present something as "fact" is highly questionable, owing to the suspicion which
others may have with regard to its authenticity. As Pinter knew that the only thing that can be termed
as close to truth is not the cause but the effects of an action as seen through the naked eye of an
impartial witness, his plays abound in ambiguity regarding the motivations of the characters but
clarity in the depiction of characters' acts of violence and the effect of it on their victims. On a
metaphorical level, the reason why Pinter refrains from revealing his characters' identity and
motivations is that he wants the characters' acts of violence or suffering not to be localized or
restricted to a particular country, state, group or clan. Instead he wants the aggressors' acts of
violence and the victims' suffering to symbolize the despotic acts of all tyrannical rulers or state and
suffering of all abjected or oppressed people in this world consecutively. His plays are a
manifestation of the idea that violence is a universal reality and all acts of violence in the society
such as direct, structural and cultural violence are pathologies or

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