1) List currently running jobs ANS) see currently running command: ps examples: $ps 2.Kill one of the running jobs ANS) a.kill any process by PID command: kill {PID} example: $kill 1012 3.Run the ls command with –help option ANS) ls command: ls command is used to list the contents of a directory Syntax: ls [-a] [-A] [-b] [-c] [-C] [-d] [-f] [-F] [-g] [-i] [-l] [-L] [-m] [-o] [-p][-q] [-r] [-R] [-s] [-t] [-u] [-x] [pathnames] Parameters OR Switches • -a Shows All The Files, Including Hidden File Which Begin With ADot. • -A Shows All The Files Including Hidden Files. Does Not Displays The Working Directory (.) OR The Parent Directory (..) • -b Force Printing of Non-Printable Characters To Be in Octal \\ddd Notation. • -c Use Time of Last Modification of The i-Node For Sorting (-t) OR For Printing (-l OR -n) • -C Multi-Column Output With Entries Sorted Down The Columns. Which is Generally The Default Option. • -d Lists Only The Directory Names But Not its Contents. • -f Force Each Argument To Be Interpreted As A Directory And List The Name Found in Each Slot. -f Option Turns off -l, -t, -s, And -r, And Turns on –a, The List Order is The Order in Which Entries Appear in The Directory. • -F Mark Directories With A Trailing Slash (/), DOORS With A Trailing Greater-Than Sign (>), Executable Files With A Trailing Asterisk (*), FIFOs With A Trailing Vertical Bar (|), Symbolic Links With A Trailing Equals Sign (=). • -g Same As -l Parameter, Except The Owner is Not Printed. • -i For Each File, Prints The i-Node Number in The First Column. • -l Shows The User With Huge Amounts of Information With Permissions, Owners, Size, And When Last Modified.) • -L If An Argument is A Symbolic Link, List The File OR Directory To Which The Link References Rather Than The Link Itself. • -m Stream Output Format, In This Files Are Listed Across The Page, Separated By Commas. • -n Same As –l Parameter, Except That The Owner\'s UID And Group\'s GID Numbers Are Printed, Rather Than The Associated Character Strings. -o The Same As -l, Except That The Group is Not Printed. -p Displays A Forward Slash (/) in Front of All Directories. -q Force Printing of Non-Printable Characters in File Names As The Character Question Mark (?). -r Reverses The Order of How The Files Are Displayed. -R Includes The Contents of Subdirectories. -s Give Size in Blocks, Including Indirect Blocks, For Each Entry. -t Shows The End User The Files Modification Time. -u Use Time of Last Access Instead of Last Modification For Sorting Use With The -t Option OR For Printing Use With The -l Option. -x Displays Files in Columns. -1 Prints One Entry Per Line of Output. pathnames File OR Directory To List. 4.Run the help command on echo ANS) echo command display to the Screen. “echo” is Useful For • Producing Diagnostics in Command Files • For Sending Known Data into A Pipe • For Displaying The Contents of Environment Variables syntax: echo [-n] text 5.Cat an existing file using a command that misspells one c.

1. 1) List currently running jobs
ANS) see currently running
command: ps
examples:
$ps
2.Kill one of the running jobs
ANS) a.kill any process by PID
command:
kill {PID}
example:
$kill 1012
3.Run the ls command with –help option
ANS) ls command:
ls command is used to list the contents of a directory
Syntax:
ls [-a] [-A] [-b] [-c] [-C] [-d] [-f] [-F] [-g] [-i] [-l] [-L] [-m] [-o] [-p][-q] [-r] [-R] [-s] [-t] [-u] [-x]
[pathnames]
Parameters OR Switches
• -a Shows All The Files, Including Hidden File Which Begin With ADot.
• -A Shows All The Files Including Hidden Files. Does Not Displays The
Working Directory (.) OR The Parent Directory (..)
• -b Force Printing of Non-Printable Characters To Be in Octal ddd
Notation.
• -c Use Time of Last Modification of The i-Node For Sorting (-t) OR For
Printing (-l OR -n)
• -C Multi-Column Output With Entries Sorted Down The Columns.
Which is Generally The Default Option.
• -d Lists Only The Directory Names But Not its Contents.
• -f Force Each Argument To Be Interpreted As A Directory And List
The Name Found in Each Slot. -f Option Turns off -l, -t, -s, And -r, And
Turns on –a, The List Order is The Order in Which Entries Appear in The
Directory.
• -F Mark Directories With A Trailing Slash (/), DOORS With A Trailing
Greater-Than Sign (>), Executable Files With A Trailing Asterisk (*),
FIFOs With A Trailing Vertical Bar (|), Symbolic Links With A Trailing

2. Equals Sign (=).
• -g Same As -l Parameter, Except The Owner is Not Printed.
• -i For Each File, Prints The i-Node Number in The First Column.
• -l Shows The User With Huge Amounts of Information With
Permissions, Owners, Size, And When Last Modified.)
• -L If An Argument is A Symbolic Link, List The File OR Directory To
Which The Link References Rather Than The Link Itself.
• -m Stream Output Format, In This Files Are Listed Across The Page,
Separated By Commas.
• -n Same As –l Parameter, Except That The Owner's UID And Group's
GID Numbers Are Printed, Rather Than The Associated Character
Strings.
-o The Same As -l, Except That The Group is Not Printed.
-p Displays A Forward Slash (/) in Front of All Directories.
-q Force Printing of Non-Printable Characters in File Names As The
Character Question Mark (?).
-r Reverses The Order of How The Files Are Displayed.
-R Includes The Contents of Subdirectories.
-s Give Size in Blocks, Including Indirect Blocks, For Each Entry.
-t Shows The End User The Files Modification Time.
-u Use Time of Last Access Instead of Last Modification For Sorting
Use With The -t Option OR For Printing Use With The -l Option.
-x Displays Files in Columns.
-1 Prints One Entry Per Line of Output.
pathnames File OR Directory To List.
4.Run the help command on echo
ANS) echo command display to the Screen.
“echo” is Useful For
• Producing Diagnostics in Command Files
• For Sending Known Data into A Pipe
• For Displaying The Contents of Environment Variables
syntax:
echo [-n] text
5.Cat an existing file using a command that misspells one character in the filename
6.Write today’s date and time

3. ANS)“date” Command
• “date” Tells Us The Date And Time in UNIX.
Syntax
date [-a] [-u] [-s datestr]
Linux Date Command To Format Both The Date And Time Part
date '+%m-%d-%Y %H-%M-%S‘
7.Exit the script using exit command
ANS)
exit” Command
• “exit” Command Allows The Linux User To Exit From A
Program, Shell OR Log The End User Out of A Linux Network.
Syntax
exit
Note
• If Exit Does Not Helps in Logging Out We Can Try “logout”,
“lo”, “bye”, “quit”, OR CTRL + D.
• “exit” is Essential To Terminate Ideal Process For A User
Solution
1) List currently running jobs
ANS) see currently running
command: ps
examples:
$ps
2.Kill one of the running jobs
ANS) a.kill any process by PID
command:
kill {PID}
example:
$kill 1012
3.Run the ls command with –help option
ANS) ls command:
ls command is used to list the contents of a directory
Syntax:
ls [-a] [-A] [-b] [-c] [-C] [-d] [-f] [-F] [-g] [-i] [-l] [-L] [-m] [-o] [-p][-q] [-r] [-R] [-s] [-t] [-u] [-x]

4. [pathnames]
Parameters OR Switches
• -a Shows All The Files, Including Hidden File Which Begin With ADot.
• -A Shows All The Files Including Hidden Files. Does Not Displays The
Working Directory (.) OR The Parent Directory (..)
• -b Force Printing of Non-Printable Characters To Be in Octal ddd
Notation.
• -c Use Time of Last Modification of The i-Node For Sorting (-t) OR For
Printing (-l OR -n)
• -C Multi-Column Output With Entries Sorted Down The Columns.
Which is Generally The Default Option.
• -d Lists Only The Directory Names But Not its Contents.
• -f Force Each Argument To Be Interpreted As A Directory And List
The Name Found in Each Slot. -f Option Turns off -l, -t, -s, And -r, And
Turns on –a, The List Order is The Order in Which Entries Appear in The
Directory.
• -F Mark Directories With A Trailing Slash (/), DOORS With A Trailing
Greater-Than Sign (>), Executable Files With A Trailing Asterisk (*),
FIFOs With A Trailing Vertical Bar (|), Symbolic Links With A Trailing
Equals Sign (=).
• -g Same As -l Parameter, Except The Owner is Not Printed.
• -i For Each File, Prints The i-Node Number in The First Column.
• -l Shows The User With Huge Amounts of Information With
Permissions, Owners, Size, And When Last Modified.)
• -L If An Argument is A Symbolic Link, List The File OR Directory To
Which The Link References Rather Than The Link Itself.
• -m Stream Output Format, In This Files Are Listed Across The Page,
Separated By Commas.
• -n Same As –l Parameter, Except That The Owner's UID And Group's
GID Numbers Are Printed, Rather Than The Associated Character
Strings.
-o The Same As -l, Except That The Group is Not Printed.
-p Displays A Forward Slash (/) in Front of All Directories.
-q Force Printing of Non-Printable Characters in File Names As The
Character Question Mark (?).

5. -r Reverses The Order of How The Files Are Displayed.
-R Includes The Contents of Subdirectories.
-s Give Size in Blocks, Including Indirect Blocks, For Each Entry.
-t Shows The End User The Files Modification Time.
-u Use Time of Last Access Instead of Last Modification For Sorting
Use With The -t Option OR For Printing Use With The -l Option.
-x Displays Files in Columns.
-1 Prints One Entry Per Line of Output.
pathnames File OR Directory To List.
4.Run the help command on echo
ANS) echo command display to the Screen.
“echo” is Useful For
• Producing Diagnostics in Command Files
• For Sending Known Data into A Pipe
• For Displaying The Contents of Environment Variables
syntax:
echo [-n] text
5.Cat an existing file using a command that misspells one character in the filename
6.Write today’s date and time
ANS)“date” Command
• “date” Tells Us The Date And Time in UNIX.
Syntax
date [-a] [-u] [-s datestr]
Linux Date Command To Format Both The Date And Time Part
date '+%m-%d-%Y %H-%M-%S‘
7.Exit the script using exit command
ANS)
exit” Command
• “exit” Command Allows The Linux User To Exit From A
Program, Shell OR Log The End User Out of A Linux Network.
Syntax
exit
Note
• If Exit Does Not Helps in Logging Out We Can Try “logout”,
“lo”, “bye”, “quit”, OR CTRL + D.
• “exit” is Essential To Terminate Ideal Process For A User