My Clinical Experience At A Psychiatric Hospital

My Clinical Experience At A Psychiatric Hospital
About one–quarter of all American adults suffer from a mental health disorder in any given year, according to the National Institute of Mental Health
(NIMH). Mental health is an important component of overall health and wellness. Treatment options often include medication and psychotherapy.
Mental health nurses help patients who suffer from mental illness to recover their mental health so that they can live to their fullest potential. For
example, mental health nurses work in a variety of settings, such as, psychiatric hospitals, substance abuse treatment programs, home healthcare
services, community mental health agencies, and private practice. This paper will give a description of my clinical experience at a psychiatric hospital.
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During my first day of clinical, I met with my clinical instructor and my classmates in the lobby around 2:15 p.m. The goal was to take a tour of the
facility and get acquainted with the staff. The lobby was warm and inviting, with wood floors and comfortable furniture. It was also busy with clients
being discharged or coming in for the initial intake. One client, in particular, was sitting behind me wearing handcuffs along with two police escorts.
The client gave an impression of being stable while sitting there. It seemed as if he was coming from Baylor Hospital. Nurses from other facilities
were there filling out paperwork and checking in their patients. Family members were also there picking up their loved ones. The clients were escorted
by mental health technicians, to ensure the safety of the client. On many occasions, mental health technicians provide direct patient care under the
supervision of a registered nurse. Their primary responsibilities include the provision of a safe and therapeutic milieu, crisis intervention and activities
of daily living.
The receptionist checked out a key to our clinical instructor. She was encased behind a glass window. It's my belief that this is used as a safety
measure to eliminate any potential safety hazards. In places such as psychiatric hospitals, doors must be locked at all times to ensure safety for patients,
staff and family members. The clinical instructor provided us with
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Psychiatric Disorders
The very definition of personality is "the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's distinctive character." But what does that
mean for those who don't have any distinctive character, or those who can't separate their individual qualities from the qualities of others? It could
mean they are just experiencing normal fluctuations in their perceived personality, common to everyone because people are constantly changing. It
could also be the presence of a psychiatric disorder, depending on the length one experiences these fluctuations, which would be referred to as
"symptoms." Psychiatric disorders are a class of mental disorders that have maladaptive behaviors, poor cognition, and poor inner... Show more content
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There is some cause for speculation about this percentage of course, only because a huge number of the population goes undiagnosed, due to
personal or cultural reasons. However, 25% is still a large number and although these individuals are diagnosed, many of them still go without
proper care or face discrimination and stigmatization on a daily basis. There are certain laws and acts that were passed to protect the mentally ill
against workplace discrimination or disability discrimination but, sadly, some still do face these issues. Many people believe that these individuals
are seeking attention, an easier life, or are just milking the system when, in fact, many are incapable of functioning properly in their day to day lives
because these illnesses can be so debilitating. These disorders are not chosen, nor are they a fun accessory used to aid in cheating the system for
accommodations. They are severe psychiatric issues that affect cognitive functioning, sometimes motor control, affect, memory, judgement, and many
other things people don't realize. There are many known disorders out there, and with the help of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual as a baseline,
the symptoms can be much more easily understood. Those with perceived illnesses or diagnosed illnesses should seek the help of professionals,
because it will aid in the process of learning to live a less difficult life, and will lessen the severity of symptoms one

Psychiatric Physician Assistants
All throughout the world people seek help. Whether the situation consists of needing medical help or just simply needing a hand with something. One
may question how difficult the "challenge" might become, but they need to have the mindset that they can help the person. This leads to the main
topic: A psychiatric physician assistant. This kind of physician helps treat people with mental disorders. Sounds like a challenge, right? "Well, the
greatest advances in psychiatric treatment came in the latter part of the 19th century." (Ferguson 169) "Emil Kraepelin, a German psychiatric, made an
important contribution when he developed a classification system for mental illnesses that is still used for diagnosis." (169) "Sigmund Freud, the famous
There are so many different kinds of medications used to treat patients, but the most common ones that psychiatric assistants prescribe exist as
antipsychotic and antidepressants. Antidepressants usually relate to a substance that treats mood disorders. Antipsychotic medications usually are
taken daily in pills or liquid form. However, some may get injected, which means their only given once or twice a month. The biggest mental disorder
that antipsychotic are prescribed for has occurred in patients with schizophrenia. "Schizophrenia is a psychosis characterized by delusions,
hallucinations, apathy, and a "split" between thought and emotion." (Coon & Mitterer 487) "Patients with this disorder tend to have withdrawal from
contact with other, a loss of interest in external activities, a breakdown of personal habits, and an inability to deal with daily events." (486) "Also, it
is hard for patients with schizophrenia to focus on one item of information at a time." (486) Four major types of schizophrenia consist of catatonic,
disorganized, paranoid, and undifferentiated. The first type, catatonic, involves disturbances in a person's movement. Patients with this disorder type
tend to just sit there and they do not talk or move. They show no emotion. "The second type, disorganized, or known as "hebephrenic schizophrenia",
patients experience bizarre thinking and flat or grossly inappropriate emotions." (487) "Typically, this type of schizophrenia develops in adolescence
or young adulthood." (487) "The third type, paranoid, is marked by a preoccupation with delusions or by frequent auditory hallucinations related to a
single theme, especially grandeur or persecution." (488) "Patients think that God, the government, or "cosmic rays from space" are controlling their
minds or trying to poison them." (488) "According to the largest study ever

Evaluation Of A Psychiatric Placement Without Legal...
In relatively recent American history one could be civilly committed to a psychiatric placement without legal intervention. Prior to the 1970s persons
with mental illness were often subject to gross negligence when they were committed to a psychiatric placement. Furthermore, individuals who were
committed to these institutions lost their civil rights. Before the 1950s persons in the United States of America could be held without legal jurisdiction
in psychiatric asylums. The 1950s had some changes to these laws. However, the practices at these institutions were often abusive. Overcrowding, lack
of funding, and theory all contributed to the inhumane treatment of the mentally ill. However, since the 1970s those persons who require a civil
commitment have not only gained additional rights, but they have also been given the ability to challenge their committal. Further, those who have
been institutionalized are offered treatment. Finally, the emphasis in the United States has been on deinstitutionalization which requires that a
commitment occurs at the least restrictive level of care. In the United States of America, the changes to the mental health system have provided persons
with mental illness not only a chance at restoration but also dignity. The primary legal justification for civilly committing a person to a psychiatric
institution in the United States of America is for their safety of the safety of society. For example, according to Meyer and Weaver, individuals

My Goal And Future As A Psychiatric And Mental Health...
Introduction
Learning can be achieved from different backgrounds, situation or environment. It is my optimist desire to use my time at Walden University to
achieve the best knowledge and skills thought to me by the diverse professors and student. Being a nurse for 9 years with a diverse background has
provided me with some experience and eagerness to achieve evidence base practice to advance my knowledge as a Psychiatric and Mental Health
Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP). The purpose of this paper is to guide me through this learning process to stay focus on my goal and future as I advance in
the learning process.
Education and professional background
My educational background is the base from African as a Food and nutrition teacher. After I... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This was a very intestine department because I became proficient in very sick patients and interpreting telemetry strips. I develop more interest in
advancing my nursing career and helping people get medical help. I realized that my nursing profession is not just a job but also a passion for helping
people make an impact in their lives. To better help people, advancing my knowledge will give me an opportunity to understand sick patients, their
need, and a better way to assist them with their health problems.
Professional Goals
I have always had the strongest interest and desire to work in the health care field. However, choosing a specific area of specialty has been
challenging in light of the fact that I immigrated from another country. I lived In Cameroon all my childhood and teenage life in a close cultural
setting where family members participate when a family member is sick. What helped me to choose to continue my career by becoming a
psychiatric NP was an experience back in my country when I was a teenager. My uncle was wrongly said to be going through a transitional period
of "Kemchi" when he was actually suffering from a mental health problem that I now considered to be schizophrenia. The concept of "Kemchi" is a
local belief that an individual is in a transitional stage of becoming a native doctor. A native doctor is a person who treats people with local herbs, a
palm reader and claims the ability to see his client's future. At

Mental Health Staff For Protected Therapeutic Time Within...
In the healthcare profession practice is guided by ever–evolving research that helps determine best practice policies and protocols, allowing clinicians
to provide the best care possible to their clients. However, much of psychiatric nursing care is characterized by subjective or immeasurable
interventions and thus, important areas such as the benefits of therapeutic time with clients are relatively understudied and may also be undervalued.
As psychiatric nurses I believe that our therapeutic communication skills are one of our most valuable tools, just as important as the medical
interventions that we also carry out. For this paper the article I will be reviewing is Thomson and Hamilton 's (2012) qualitative study " Attitudes of
Mental... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He is also a member of the Royal College of General Practitioners and a fellow of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (Thomson & Hamilton, 2012).
Although these qualifications sound a bit different than Canadian designations, it is clear that both authors are medical doctors who have additional
training in the area of psychiatry. The intended audience for this article is not explicitly stated however, it is published in the Journal of Psychiatric
& Mental Health Nursing so it seems to be aimed at healthcare professionals who would have access to it. It is a international nursing journal so the
intended audience seems to be focused on nurses however, this type of article would also be helpful for fellow researchers who want to know what
research has already been carried out and the results, as well as what future direction they should take for their own research.
Purpose/Research Question The question that the author 's wanted to investigate was what the attitudes of nursing and medical staff were towards
protected therapeutic time with clients. They defined therapeutic time as regular uninterrupted periods of time that nurses spend with their clients,
participating together in activities such as arts and crafts, board games, relaxation therapy, etc (Thomson & Hamilton, 2012). Prior research suggested
that therapeutic time is beneficial to clients but that it is also lacking in hospital wards, therefore Thomson and Hamilton (2012)

Psychiatric Social Work
The vast field of mental health is undergoing constant growth. Without a doubt the practice of social work plays an integral part. While a
psychiatric social worker does not perform the same professional function as a psychologist or psychiatrist; they play an extremely important part in
the process of diagnosis and recovery. In fact, according to the National Association of Social Workers: 60% of professionals in the mental health
services are clinically trained social workers, while only 23% are psychiatrists and 10% psychologists. The practice of social work in the field of
mental health has a long history. From the very beginning, social workers fought to treat mental illness as an equal counterpart to physical illness.
Psychiatric social... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As stated above, the psychiatric social worker may interact with psychologists and psychiatrists to refer their patients to. They may also interact with
larger social services such as counselling groups and group therapies. They could interact with education services in making sure a student with a
mental health disorders is getting equal treatment in the classroom and making sure any special preparations needed are made. They may interact with
government officials regarding income, unemployment as a result of their mental health problem or even regarding housing. Psychiatric social
workers interact with a vast majority of other social services so that they may provide their client with as much help as they are able to

Cell Rooms: Cell Blocks In Psychiatric Prisons
If I was a young person struggling with mental illness one message I would get from this video is that psychiatric hospitals are scary, dark, and
prerogative. I got this message by all the gray and black writing on the walls of the state hospital. It seems scary by the strange drawing of aliens on
the walls behind B.o.B. and calling the rooms "cell blocks". I called this music video prerogative by the "uniforms" the nurses wear which are very
inappropriate for today's work place. I would not find a place like this therapeutic, in fact I would probably be discharged with more problems then I
went in with. I found this to be a very poor representation of a psychiatric facility. Another negative message I received from this video was that in a
psychiatric hospital they lock you up and put you in straight jackets all the time. Working at Sheppard Pratt I can promise you this is untrue. In fact our
facility uses every means possible to not use mechanical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
song states "my brains on vacation their tellin me, and Im bipolar to the severity, and I need medication apparently and some electro–compulsive
therapy..." which is also a common misconception of psychiatric hospitals. This lyric reinforces a common thought among patients that if you get
admitted to a place like Sheppard Pratt you NEED to be on medication, which is untrue. Some patients do not want medication and just want an
outpatient therapist to talk to. "Thus, a primary role of the helper is to empower clients to engage in the struggle for healing and, at time, for life
itself" (Carter & Van Andel, 2011). So it is important as a helper to accept what the client wants but make sure their treatment plan will achieve
optimal wellness. Carter and Van Andel (2011) refer to optimal wellness as "the highest level of well
–being that is usually associated with the effective
development and integration of the five dimensions of health– mental, physical, emotional, spiritual, and social"

Children and Psychiatric Drugs
The issue that I choose to do my term paper on is, Children and Psychiatric drugs. It is shown, over the years, to be an increase in diagnosis of
psychiatric issues in children causing medications to be prescribed. It is a concern if there are more children being misdiagnosed, underdiagnosed, or
over–diagnosed. This concern comes from United States having a significant increase in children psychiatric diagnosis and there are some areas within
the United States that have an even higher diagnosis rate. According to Docksai (2013),
Prescriptions for the antianxiety medications Xanax, Ativan, and Valium saw respective increases of 29%, 36%, and 16% from 2005 through 2009.
Prescriptions for Risperdal grew by 45%, and prescriptions for the anti–depressant Cybalta skyrocketed 237%. A of 2011, one of every Eight
Americans, including children and infants, was on a psychiatric medication. (p. 2).
The medications that are being used include anti–consultants, stimulants, anti–depressants, and mood stabilizers. These medications can overused or
misused due to finding what works for each child. Here lies a huge ethical dilemma that is very personal to me. According to Parens & Johnston (2011),
About one in five adolescents has symptoms of a psychological disorder...both the number of children diagnosed with a psychological disorder and the
number receiving medications have risen dramatically in recent years....The ethical concerns are numerous and varied, whether these

Psychiatric Institutions
After the Mental Health Institutions shut down, where do you think all their patents went? In the New York Times, there is a discussion topic about
why "Psychiatric Institutions Are a Necessity," In this article, professionals discuss why psychiatric institutions need to come back, and the reason is to
keep mentally ill people out of prisons, get them the care they deserve and for them to have affordable housing once they leave the Institution. One of
the biggest problems we are facing is not enough government funding for mental health services and affordable housing. I fully support for psychiatric
institutions to come back, but not the kind that are shown in horror movies, but clean and safe places for people. Bringing back psychiatric institutions
But others will leave at some point and live on their own. That is why affordable housing is so important, it will keep them from becoming homeless.
"In New York City, congregate housing– which includes shared apartment buildings, scattered site supported housing and community residences – is
supplemented with case management and treatment supports. It provides a holistic, systemic approach to mental health service that sustains the
dignity of the individuals and their families. It keeps recovery central and protects public safety... Unfortunately, there is not enough housing to address
the need, and not enough support to get people out of inappropriate institutions and off the streets and out of jails." With this special housing, it will
keep the patients and the public safer. It will keep mentally ill people off the streets and give them a safe environment. People withmental illness can
have full, healthy, and safe lives in the community with the right

Psychiatric Nurse
The role of a psychiatric nurse is to develop a nursing diagnosis and plan of the care, implements the nursing process, and evaluates it for effectiveness.
During my clinical rotation at St. Elizabeth, I have learned that providing good therapeutic nursing care to patients with mental illness can encourage
the patients to become actively involved with his or her treatment.
Something that I will be carrying to my next clinical rotation is how to comfort a patient. Two weeks ago, I saw a patient crying because the doctor
told her that she was not going home; The nurse caring for her stopped what she was doing, comforted the patient, and reassured her that she was not
alone. I could tell the nurse was experienced in mental health due to the ways

The Treatment Of Psychiatric Injury
As their employer, New Mexico Medical (NMM) owe Walter and Hank a general duty of care, and it is to determine whether is extends to
psychiatric injury. If there is a relation between said duty and damage, it is clear that a breach of duty has occurred as "carelessness" has been
acknowledged above. In order to receive recovery for psychiatric injury, evidence must be shown that the claimants suffer from a recognised
psychiatric illness and in this case, it has been plainly stated that Hank, Walter and Marie have indeed been professionally diagnosed. Regarding
Walter, it must be determined whether he would be classified as a primary or secondary victim , the latter defined as a person who although not
placed in a 'zone of danger ' by the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once a claimant is catagorised as such, the ruling from Page v Smith is to be held: providing personal injury is foreseeable– whether physical or
psychiatric– there is no need to establish whether psychiatric injury was foreseeable. Being inside the danger zone meant that it was highly probable
that Hank would receive physical injuries and as such, it did not matter whether his relapse into severe depression was unforeseeable or not. To
conclude, Hank would be allowed recovery for the psychiatric harm he suffered as a result of NMM 's negligence. Marie as she was not present at
the incident, and therefore makes it more difficult to prove there is a duty of care, as the courts have control tests in order to determine genuine
claims and limit possible defences. Once again, the Alcock tests are required to establish whether Marie qualifies as a secondary victim and can
receive recovery. Firstly, Marie and Hank 's relationship would need be proven to be one that is close and of love and affection. As they are spouses,
the courts will presume that the relationship is sufficiently close and is unlikely to be rebutted. Another control mechanism to be satisfied is the
claimant 's proximity to either the accident itself or its immediate aftermath . Marie saw Hank after he had received medical attention, a key difference
to the McLoughlin case, where the claimant witnessed the victims in an untreated condition. The fact is, Hank was clearly 'screaming in

Behavioral Health Issues Within Inpatient Psychiatric...
Introduction
One of the most frequently reported behavioral health issues in inpatient psychiatric settings involves patient assaults (Perez, 2014). Increased
occurrence of assaults can have a damaging impact on the life of psychiatric patients (Luckhoff et al., 2013). It presents a threat to the physical and
psychological well–being of both psychiatric nursing staff and all patients present (Luckhoff et al., 2013). There are numerous studies showing assaults
occurring amongst staff and patients hospitalized in inpatient units; however, there are limited resources for addressing patient–to–patient assaults
(Luckhoff et al., 2013). This chapter reviews current studies and identifies available resources on patient–to–patient assaults in ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A search of several databases with patient assault literature using the date range from January 2010 to February 2017 was performed. The databases
searched were CINAHL, ProQuest, and Medline using the terms patient assault, patient safety, patient–to–patient, psychiatric, geriatric, staff education,
and nursing knowledge of assault. Initially, it generated 33 articles and results were narrowed down to 11 peer reviewed and research articles published
from 2012 to 2017 that focused on patient assaults in inpatient facilities. Research shows that utilizing multiple search strategies for evidence–based
practices reduces bias in evidence searches and provides a vast pool of resources for review (Atchan, Davis, & Foureur, 2016).
Methodologically, quantitative studies are highly structured and involve a systematic process to build knowledge (Hall & Roussel, 2014). The focus of
the search was quantitative studies ranging from systematic reviews, experimental studies, case control studies, and randomized controlled trials using
quantitative data and methodology. Additional search terms included the phrase "geriatric patients admitted on a psychiatric unit and cognitively
impaired geriatric patients." Exclusion criteria included non–English publications, non–peer reviewed articles, and abstract–only articles.
Tools.
The tool utilized for grading the level of evidence of the articles was the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence Based Practice (JHNEBP) model, which

Psychiatric Hospitals
The results of the study by Rosenhan were that many of the pseudopatients didn't enjoy being in the psychiatric hospitals. When the pseudo patients
were in the psychiatric hospitals, although they had no real mental disorders, all of them, except for one, were admitted as patients with schizophrenia,
and discharged with a diagnosis of schizophrenia in remission. Due to the fact that they were admitted to the hospital so easily, some of the pseudo
patients experienced mild anxiety and nervousness. They also feared that they would be figured out by either the hospital staff, or their fellow patients.
Many of the pseudo patients only stayed in the hospitals for 19 days, and went completely unnoticed. And the regular actions the sane pseudo patients
In the study Rosenhan pointed out that during hospitalization, patients experienced depersonalization and powerlessness. Hospital staff didn't care
enough to know whether or not paitents swallowd their medication, which they didn't, since there were many pills found in the bathrooms around the
toilets. And many staffs yelled at, mocked, and beat patients who were unable to speak up for themselves. An explanation for the staffs behavior may
have been that they weren't under the proper surveillance and didn't face any consequences for their behavior. Something that Rosehan mentioned was
the fact that, "staff were credible witnesses, but patients were not" because the patients were not seen as sane.
The pros of diagnostic labels, as shown in this study, are that they helped the hospitals put the pseudopatients under a certain category. Since the pseudo
patients reported that they were experiencing certain symptoms and feelings, the hospitals were able to take them in, label them as schizophrenic and
treat them for that mental illness. The cons of diagnostic labeling, as shown in this study, are that even though the pseudo patients were considered to be
sane by the hospitals, they were still labeled as schizophrenic when discharged,

Riverview Psychiatric Center Case Study
Riverview Psychiatric Center has lost its certification due to improper treatment of patients. The only definite way for them to regain their
certification is to create a new facility for forensic patients. Riverview lost their certification because of wrongful use of stun guns, pepper spray, and
handcuffs. They also made mistakes with giving medications, didn't take proper records and didn't report their patients progress. There are people
that are afraid that if a new facility for just forensic patients is created, it will be more of a jail–like environment. The patients might be treated more
like criminals and prisoners than mentally unsound patients. From 2009 to 2012, 5 billion dollars have been cut nationally from mental health
services. There are many states that want to privatize their services and give them to for–profit organizations. This is worrisome to some who think
these privately run services will be organized more like prisons. Paul LePage recently introduced a bill that would create a Behavioral Assessment
Safety Evaluation unit in the last days of the legislative session. It will probably resurface soon. This will help with Riverview's certification, provide
services for court ordered evaluations, and provide services of restorative care to forensics... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People have a tendency to treat the forensic patients like criminals because they are the ones that have done serious crimes. They have been dangerous
before and they have the potential to be dangerous again. In Riverview, they were treated wrongly. They don't fully understand what they're doing so
they can't be punished in the same way as actual criminals. I also learned that it is becoming more popular for mental facilities to be privately owned.
This will save money for the state, but can have unfortunate results for the patients and the treatment of

Development Of The Psychiatric Mental Health
The development of the Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) specialty began in the late 19th century as reform began to take place
within the mental asylums of the time. Focus began to shift from restrictive treatment and the "baby–sitting" of patients towards actual medical
treatment of those with mental illness (ANA, 2012). In 1882, Dr. Edward Cowles established the first hospital for the insane with a formally
organized nurse training school. Central to the operation of the hospital was the use of trained nurses instead of "keepers" to care for patients (ANA,
2012). In 1913, Effie Jane Taylor established the first psychiatric nursing course as a part of the general curriculum at John Hopkins Hospital (ANA,
2012).... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This program was different than the other "nurse–educator" focused programs of the time because it instead focused on assessing and diagnosing
mental health problems and providing various therapies such as family, group, and individual (ANA, 2012). In 2003, the role of PMHNP was clearly
defined and delineated in "Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Competencies" published by The National Panel for PMHNP Competencies
(ANA, 2012).
To be a practicing PMHNP in Arkansas (AR), I will need to have certification, licensure, a collaborative practice agreement, and prescriptive
authority. What I found most interesting about certification was that the required CE requirements needed to maintain ones AR RN licensure could
be fulfilled simply by maintaining ones Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) certification (Arkansas State Board of Nursing, 2011). In
regards to gaining a license as an APRN in AR, I found it interesting that a quality assurance plan and a collaborative practice agreement must be
submitted (in addition to the other required documents) before a license would be issued (Arkansas State Board of Nursing, 2011). As I learned more
about what a collaborative practice agreement was, it surprised me that it is encouraged that a collaborative practice agreement be broadly written
(Hanson, 2014). This is recommended in order to leave room for growth and change as necessary in the clinical environment. What surprised me the
most when learning about

Psychiatric Pregnancy
After the thalidomide disaster of the late 1950s, a great amount of scrutiny has been placed on the safety of a variety of substances during pregnancy,
from swordfish to psychotropic medications. Psychotropic drugs are commonly viewed as unsafe for use during pregnancy, and women who use them
are often judged as irresponsible. The decision to start or continue a pharmacotherapeutic regimen while pregnant is a difficult one, and there are many
factors that a mother–to–be has to consider. Psychiatric illness is a serious issue for many women of childbearing age. Research conducted by
Vesga–LГіpez et al. (2008) studied the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among pregnant and postpartum women within the United States. This study
examines... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although most psychiatric illnesses are not significantly more common during pregnancy, Vesga–LГіpez et al. estimated one–quarter of pregnant
women experience a psychiatric illness. As such, appropriate mental health treatment during this sensitive time is incredibly important, and so the risks
and benefits of each treatment, including pharmacotherapy, must be carefully considered. One of the most commonly studied and prescribed class of
psychotropic drugs are the selective–serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs. As such, a great deal of research into the safety of psychotropics during
pregnancy center on the use of SSRIs during pregnancy. In order to gain a better picture of the physical risks associated with these medications, Alwan,
Reefhuis, Rasmussen, Olney, and Friedman examined the data of 9,622 infants with major birth defects in comparison with 4,092 control infants. Data
was collected from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), which examines more than 30 categories of birth defects. Case infants were
defined as infants born with at least one major birth defect present. Demographic information (including SSRI drug use and other risk factors) was
collected by phone interviews with the infant's mother. Mothers were considered exposed if they used an

Introduction . The Assaultive Behavior Displayed By...
Introduction The assaultive behavior displayed by psychiatric individuals in patient care settings has become a serious healthcare concern. Current
research shows that the most common adverse event among hospitalized psychiatric patients is physical assault or fighting. "Thousands of assaults
occur in American hospitals each year, including psychiatric units and emergency rooms, resulting in the labeling of such workplaces by some as
occupationally hazardous" (Rueve & Welton, 2008). This has led to increased cost of providing healthcare Services derived from additional diagnostic
tests for injuries, treatment, destruction of facility property, and injury to staff and other individuals. Background Patient assault is the most commonly
When a patient–to–patient assault occurs, staff members are often stressed from fear of reprimand for lack of adequate observation (Luckhoff, et
al.2013). This may lead to high turnover rates which further create understaffed units resulting in unsafe patient care ratios and demoralized staff.
(Luckhoff, et al.2013). Furthermore, assault brings an increased chance of injuries which may lead to compromised health and even permanent
disability. Taking these problems into account, it is evident that assault among patients can negatively impact the provision of healthcare services and
management of care provided (Luckhoff, et al.2012). Significance The consequences of assault on patients can severely destabilize optimal well–being.
According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), in 2013, reported that the Bureau of Labor Statistics indicates that
"psychiatric aides experienced the highest rate of violent injuries that resulted in days away from work, at approximately 590 injuries per 10,000
full–time employees. This rate is more than 10 times higher than the next group, nursing assistants, who experienced about 55 such injuries per 10,000
full–time employees. Registered nurses experienced about 14 violent injuries resulting in days away from work per 10,000 full–time employees".
OSHA (2013) recommends "A workplace violence prevention program can also fit effectively into a broader safety and health management system,
and it can help

The Changes That Came About The Psychiatric Health Systems
The world of State Hospitals and Psychiatric Nursing, literally a world that horror movies are made of. The history of mental health treatment is
barbaric, including lobotomies, being wrapped in wet sheets until hypothermia set in, the electric shock treatments, lest we forget the twisted experts
thinking of incestual everything in who became the "father of psychiatry" Sigmund Freud. Patient Rights were nonexistent, people were disposed of at
the "sanitarium" they were locked up, chained to walls, and left eternally alone. Through out the past century there were some reforms made. The last
large reform with "Beers" in the 1800's. Mostly, that patients who were mentally ill were not "possessed by evil demons." Or, that one cure to insanity
"Going to Getch yourself killed Bitch."
That evening I arranged temporary supervisor for unit coverage while I went with staff and patients to the dining room.
Our patients went through the line and sat in their assigned seating. A few minutes later, the DOC work release entered the cafeteria, in their usual way
of upsetting. This time, one guard accompanied the inmates, and another who was clearly an 'officer'. He had the rank of captain pinned to his uniform.
After assessing the situation and deciding he was in charge, I approached him to discuss the situation at hand. Not really expecting how it would
work out. When I arrived in his presence I was immediately met with hostile body language, he was standing in his full 6 foot size, his combat boots,
shined, his uniform pressed, his insignia, polished to a shine. He had his arms crossed over his chest.
I introduced myself, explained the problem briefly, while waiting for his reply or response, I noted a contempt in his eye and then he let me have it. A
verbal flogging including but not limited, to His position of authority, his position of opinion, he proceeded to state that his inmates were doing no
wrong, that the patients were crazy, that the staff were bitches. And I was the ultimate bitch, that he would have my job and further change myself with
interfering with an officer and harassing his

Psychiatric Hospital Research Paper
American Psychiatric Hospitals are not Effectively Treating the Ill
While the general public may view any psychiatric facility as being one to hold extremely dangerous mentally ill or the ultimate cure–all, treatment
systems established for the mentally ill are far from perfect, namely inpatient programs. Within the past 50–60 years, rates of inpatient admission have
increased, but length of inpatient stays has decreased, often resulting in readmissions for patients and higher rates of relapse. Insurance companies are
funding shorter and shorter lengths of expensive hospital stays. While often considered an important aspect of treatment for severe mental illness,
psychiatric hospitals and wards, in partnership with insurance companies and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This established, such system already exist, however, they often fail to adequately care and provide for patients. Insurance companies do not pay for
long enough inpatient stays and often patients are left without plans for aftercare and tend to be readmitted within 30 days of discharge. Inpatient
wards may have safety protocols which make patients uncomfortable and feel as though their privacy is being invaded, such as in bag–checking during
intake or bathroom use monitoring. In summary, inpatient programs often fail the mentally ill

Psychiatric Aides
Do you remember when people ask you when you were little what you want to be when you grow up and you told them a few amazing careers. I
fell in love with becoming a Psychiatric aide for some time now after watching moives. But also I would like to get experience to maybe become a
CNA or nurse assistant or aide. Comparing and contrasting these two jobs will benefit me next year and get an insight for people if they want to know
really what they do.
Between a Psychiatric aide and a CNA they both have similaires things in common with what they do in the job criteria. They both care for they
residents and/or patients with they ADL or active daily living. ADL's are basically what you do throughout your day. They serve and feed the residents,
monitor ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For a Psychiatric aide you will only need a high school diploma and they will give you on–job–training, which would be a short time with attending
workshops, lectures, or inservice training. Some skills you would need is interpersonal and observational. But for a CNA you would need a state
approved education program with a competency exam taken. You also would need to be on state registry and have a clear criminal background check
and all your shots done. Strong communication skills high highly suggest in order to help your resident. With getting your education completed you
will start earning money to help you pay off or get to your job.
Everyone wants to get pay but it depends on the price inorder to actual do your job. For both Psychiatric and CNA they both have very close wages
in their ranges. Psychiatric aids roughly made $26,190 in May of 2015 for the median annual wage. The lowest 10% of Psychiatric aides made less
than $18,990 and the highest 10% made more than $40,860. With a CNA the median annual wage was $25,710 in May of 2015. The lowest 10% of
CNA made less than $19,390 and the highest 10% made more than $36,840. With this, the job outlook looks promising if you directly go into the job
right away to actual get

I No Longer Recommend Psychiatric Medication
"I no longer recommend psychiatric medications to anyone. I believe the science behind this is seriously flawed. It is based on false assumptions that
lead to self–perpetuating mythology (and huge profits for drug companies)." (Smith). While it may sound appealing to simply take a pill for each of
your problems, it has almost become common knowledge that medications which directly affect the brain, especially in the long term, can have many
direct and indirect consequences. Nearly Вј of all Americans are diagnosed with either a personality disorder or as, and are prescribed some type of
psychiatric medication. The three most popular antipsychotics alone are a $15 billion industry, with stimulants and antidepressants nearly being just as
But have we reached the point in time where the treatment has become somewhat of an overkill? It can be argued that today, advertising for psychiatric
medication has gotten out of hand, pushing out newer drugs that appeal to every little problem people seem to complain about these days. "Is psychiatry
for sale?: An examination of the influence of the pharmaceutical industry on academic and practical psychiatry" Is a Maudsley Discussion paper, a
series of short papers that deal with controversial issues in mental health. This discussion paper is written by Joanna Moncrieff, a British psychiatrist
and part of the Critical Psychiatry Network. She primarily analyzes the influence of the pharmaceutical industry in the psychiatric field. Even though
the paper is over ten years old, it provides insight into what is still most likely happening. She argues that because the industry is heavily involved in
funding psychiatric research, that psychiatric practices could be directed by a profit–focused agenda (Moncrieff). She suggests that excessive
advertising and research findings are likely produced to benefit this agenda, and likely causes the fabrication of specific disorders to create markets
for new medications. It can be assumed that such an operation is capable of produce some widely dangerous outcomes, even if it is a small percent of
the

What Is Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner?
Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner
My passion is in psychiatric nursing. I am very much interested providing psychiatric care to the individuals suffering from chronic and persistent
mental illness. Being equipped with over seven years of experience providing intense case management to this population, a non–RN position, I have
finally found myself here. I attained my Registered Nursing (RN) license through the Entry Level Masters (ELM) program here at APU. My goal is
to add needed competencies and skills to my existing experience as a case manager to be a successful Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner
(PMHNP). I find that my newly acquired nursing skills as well as case management proficiencies complement each other very well and are crucial to
my future practice as a PMHNP. PMHNP provides care to individuals at risk for and suffering from psychiatric or mental health problems, taking the
lifespan approach (from birth to death) (Thomas, 2013).
Understanding PMHNP competences and implementing them in my future practice is imperative as they directly affect the patient's care and thus the
success of my future practice. For the purposes of this assignment the following are the three competencies I will discuss in this forum: (a) leadership
competencies, (b) quality competencies, and (c) policy competencies.
Leadership competencies
In addition to the core competencies of Advance Nurse Practitioner (ANP) PMHNP should,
"1. Participates in community and

In ken keseayвЂ™s one flew over the cuckooвЂ™s nest a...
In ken keseay's one flew over the cuckoo's nest a psychiatric ward becomes a metaphor for the oppressive nature of society
In ken keseay's 'one flew over the cuckoo's nest' a psychiatric ward becomes a metaphor for the oppressive nature of society. This symbolic novel relays
the story of an inmate standing up against the powerful forces that operate a mental institute. This novel represents more than man vs the institutions.
The novel compels us to think about just how thin the line is that separates insanity from sanity and treatment from control. One flew Over thee
cuckoo's nest represents a heroic struggle of personality against an institution of mindless conformity.
Change becomes relevant in each character in the ward ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They swallow their tranquillisers, agree to any guilt–mongering diagnosis or humiliating treatment the authorities say is for their good. They take part
in democratic therapy sessions that adrupt end if anyone tries to change anything, and know that the ultimate sanction is lobotomy
The characters themselves can be viewed as a metaphor of society as well MM for example represents the rebellious faction of society that was so
loudly expressing itself during the 60's and 70's, he like the hippies challenge authority and brings about change by inciting others to rebel as well.
Bromden sees modern society as a mechanical oppressive force and he views the hospital as the repair shop for people who don't fit into their roles as
cogs in the michine. His way of interpreting the world emphasizes the oppressive social pressure to conform. Those who don't conform to the rules and
conventions are considered defective products of the"schools, churches and neighbourhoods" those who don't conform are labelled mentall ill and sent
for treatment
Kesey demonstrates the change in chief bromden when the character awakes and watches the dog outside the window. Thi shows that chief bromden
is now more aware of the outside world. He can conceive of exsistance outside of the institution, as he could not before. MM is the primary cause of
this change.
When things aren't going well for the chief he sees for surrounding him.. he is sure

Psychiatric Care Goals
The goals of the Improving Access to Emergency Psychiatric Care Act align with the three core principles of the broader Affordable Care Act:
"Improving access to and satisfaction with care, improving quality and outcomes of care, and reducing total health care costs" (Katon and UnГјtzer,
2013). In both its direct impact on the nation's neglected mentally ill population and the precedent that it reinforces with respect to systematic health
care reform, the Improving Access to Emergency Psychiatric Care Act is an outstanding law that exemplifies the cooperation of prescriptive legislation
and outcome–driven administration in formulating and implementing effective domestic policy. Senator Benjamin L. Cardin (D–MD) introduced bill
S. 599 in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The IMD exclusion traditionally prohibited Medicaid subsidization of care administered in specialized mental health care facilities (including
rehabilitation centers, dedicated psychiatric wards, etc.) to Medicaid recipients aged 21 to 64. This gap in coverage does not actually prevent the
administration (and expense) of care to those in need of psychiatric care; instead, it shifts the burden of care onto Medicaid–eligible general purpose
hospitals, which increases the overall cost of care and decreases the quality of care. The Emergency Psychiatric Demonstration Project authorized the
Secretary of Health and Human Services to temporarily suspend that policy in select states in order to study whether the reappropriation of Medicaid
funds to support fund matching for dedicated psychiatric care facilities would lower the overall cost of care while markedly improving the quality of
provided aid. The Improving Access to Emergency Psychiatric Care Act extended this trial period for an additional four years, established guidelines
for expanding the program to other states willing to participate, and loosened the means

What Is Rosenhan's Perception Of Psychiatric Hospital?
We all have our own perception of psychiatric hospitals. Some people may see them as a terrifying experience, and others may see them as a way to
help people who cannot keep their disorders under control. David Rosenhan's perception led him to a variety of questions. How could psychiatric
hospitals know if a patient was insane or not? What is like to be a patient there? According to Rosenhans study, psychiatric hospitals have no way of
truly knowing what patients are insane or not; they quickly jump to labeling and depersonalizing their patients instead of spending time with them to
observe their personality. David Rosenhans experiment contained two parts; the first was admitting pseudo–patients into psychiatric hospitals without
the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Between those times none of the doctors knew the pseudo–patients were actually sane. Not a single test was done on one of the pseudo–patients. The
doctors simply went on what they were told by the patients which was obviously enough to commit them to the hospital. This opened up a lot of
controversy. In Rosenhan's experiment, he proved that the doctors and nurses rarely spend time with the patients: The average amount of time spent by
attendants outside of the cage was 11.3 percent (range, 3 to 52 percent). This figure does not represent only time spent mingling with patients, but also
includes time spent on such chores as folding laundry, supervising patients while they shave, directing ward cleanup, and sending patients to off–ward
activities. (Rosenhan)
If the nurses rarely spent time with the patients then how could they possibly know the patients true personality? Well the answer is simple; they don't
know. Rosenhan soon became aware other patients committed to the hospital were raising some suspicion. "It was quite common for the patients to
"detect" the pseudo–patient's sanity. During the first three hospitalizations, when accurate counts were kept, 35 of a total of 118 patients on the
admissions ward voiced their suspicions, some vigorously" (Rosenhan). The fact that other patients who were committed to the hospitals knew that the
pseudo–patients were indeed sane raises some serious concerns about the validity of the

Psychiatric Prisons
Video Critique 4– The new asylums/Public Broadcasting Service This PBS special raises the question whether jails and prisons are turning into the
new asylums for the inmates that are mentally ill. Psychiatric hospitals across America have closed and the burden has become on the police
department to handle locking up the people that would normally do better in mental hospitals. After 1960 antipsycotic medications were developed
and available for treatment and reduced the need for hospitals by 84%. (Gideon & Sung pg 264) The crimes that they are committing are not violent;
they are minor property or theft crimes or trespassing. Currently there are 500,000 mentally ill that are in jail and not in the hospitals where they could
be cared... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It makes sense that we have an epidemic on our hands and it's mainly due to ignorance. Frontline goes into Ohio's prisons and interviews the
inmates and the staff explaining the issues that are faced with having to handle these types of inmates. I believe we are not doing them any good
by locking them away and having officers try to deal with them, not knowing anything about how to treat these cases. Mental illness is hard to treat
even when you have trained staff and appropriate facilities. The prisons are treating them the way a normal inmate is treated or maybe even worse
because of their unpredictable behavior. While I now understand there is an issue I can also recognize there is no easy solution to this problem. is
truly working hard to correct his mistake and live a normal life. Recently the courts are trying to reduce the number of inmates incarcerated for
mential illness by having drug courts to determine other alternatives to sentencing outside of being in prisons. (Gideon & Sung pg 265) Another
source of working directly with these inmates are doing observations regularly to provide insight to each person's state of mind. The process is costly
to provide and technology has provided a more economic way to health care through telemedicine where they communicate via video.(Gideon & Sung
pg

The Role and Scope of Practice of the Psychiatric Mental...
Introduction – identifying the role and job description setting of the PMHNP The Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP), role and job
description is providing primary mental health care services, to those with mental health problems, or psychiatric disorders. The PMHNP is required to
assess, diagnose, provide treatment plans, prescribe medication therapy, and offer counsel across the lifespan. The PMHNP provides care in a wide
range of settings to children, adolescents, adults, the elderly, and their families. This mental healthcare takes place in the primary care settings,
emergency rooms, hospitals, outpatient mental health clinics, senior living communities and in private practices. Being culturally competent to care ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are other requirements with regards to conviction record guidelines for those with a criminal record. Applicants need an electronic
fingerprinting that is submitted to the Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE). If a person has a felony or health care fraud, issues after
July 1, 2012, they can be refused for nurse practitioner licensing (Florida Board of Nursing, 2014). Florida requires the nurse practitioner to
collaborate with a physician for prescription authority. Florida is only one of two states that will not authorize NPs to write prescriptions for
controlled substances. The National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) has established 38 psychiatric mental health nurse
practitioner competencies that portrays to the role and domain of practice. The PMHNP is expected to treat in a broad range of settings. Including;
continuous comprehensive care, "promotion of optimal mental health, prevention, and treatment of psychiatric disorders and health maintenance"
(NONPF, 2013, p. 63). The PMHNP role is also inclusive of a history and physical, ordering laboratory studies to rule out medical conditions.
Providing the Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE), drug and alcohol screening, depression and anxiety tools to assess levels of illness are part of the
PMHNP roles and domains of practice. Assessing patients for suicidal ideations or

Psychiatric Cons
Treatment access is limited further by uneven distribution of mental health provider within the United Stated whom is concentrated in the highly
populated, rich, and city–based areas. Therefore, those living in lower income and /or areas away from cities areas are less likely to appropriate
treatment (Hugo, Boshoff, Traut, Zungu–Dirwayi, & Stein, 2003). Factors that may areas away from cities family– focus in the treatment of parents
with a Mental illness. According to US studies, 58% of children with serious mental emotional disturbance have a history of family mental illness,
and 40 % have a history of parent psychiatric time in a hospital (Biebel et al. 2004). In 2013, about 10 years after the IOM un–equal treatment report,
almost the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because everyone has the right to health care and it could increase the wait time for medical services. Pros and Cons to Obamcare cost of health
insurance. Most people will pay more for health insurance next year. Cons of the health care are more expensive than it would have been without
Obamcare. Jeffrey Young (Aug 2014). Attribution explanation (of why something works or happens the way it does), deals with how the sets of very
negative beliefs by others uses information to arrive at proof that one thing definitely causes another explanations events. It examines what
information is gathered and how it is combined to form a (proof that one thing definitely causes another) judgment" (Fiske, & Taylor, 1991) Heider
(1958) expected/looked ahead to people with knowledge were mind doctors trying to understand logic of the community world. The general public has
a sense of causing some end of/final opinion of people's relationships even when there is none! Heider develop a theory that highlights certain themes
that others acquired. Heider feels that angry and bad–tempered causes something bad to happen, meaning to ourselves or

The Community Mental Health Centers Act Of 1963 Closed...
Many years ago, mental illness was viewed as a demonic possession or a religious punishment. In the 18th century, the attitudes towards mental illness
were negative and persistent. This negativity leads to the stigmatization and confinement of those who were mentally ill. The mentally ill were sent to
mental hospitals that were unhealthy and dangerous. A push in the mid 1950s for deinstitutionalization began because of activists lobbying for change.
Dorothea Dix was one of these activists that helped push for change. The change called for more community oriented care rather than asylum based
care. The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 closed state psychiatric hospitals throughout the United States. "Only individuals who posed
an imminent danger to themselves or someone else could be committed to state psychiatric hospitals" (A Brief History of Mental Illness and the U.S.
Mental Health Care System). Deinstitutionalization meant to improve quality of life and treatment for those who are mentally ill. This would
hopefully result in the mentally ill receiving treatment so they could live more independently. The hope was that community mental health programs
would provide this treatment but sadly there was not sufficient or ongoing funding to meet the growing demand for these programs. Budgets for mental
hospitals were reduced but there was no increase for the community based programs. Many mentally ill individuals have been moved to nursing homes
or other residential

Psychiatric Abnormality
There is a broad definition of 'abnormal' and what is considered to be 'abnormal'. Psychometric abnormality suggested by Cohen (1981) is "a
deviation from a statistically determined norm" (Bennett, 2011). Behavior that is considered inexplicable is often assumed to be abnormal.
Inexplicable behavior can be justified to be normal if there is a plausible explanation for the behavior. Behavior that is undesirable such as racism,
anger, or sexism have been by Szaz (1960) argued as abnormal psychological conditions (Bennett, 2011). Different cultures influence society norms
and plays a role on what is abnormal or normal. In conclusion, there is not a solitary meaning of what is considered to be abnormal. Some scholars
have concluded that the term of abnormality cannot be defined.
The criteria for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual has been subjective. Homosexuality was considered a mental disorder until the late twentieth
century. It was removed and added countless times before it was ultimately removed. Considering my discoveries, I feel that giving someone a
psychiatric diagnosis should have careful consideration before it is diagnosed. Momentarily after the diagnosis the options of the diagnosis should be
discussed with the client(s). There are many contradicting definitions of disorders to just have a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Psychiatric diagnosis can help determine treatment for unexplained behavior. A study by the WPA
–WHO Global Survey resulted in over two–thirds of
the participants maintained that a diagnostic system based on clinical descriptions is more useful than one based on operational criteria (Maj, 2011).
The DSM–IV users endorsing this position was slightly higher than the ICD–10 users (Maj, 2011). This study does support the notion that the
diagnostic system can be helpful at times to specific

Psychiatric Hospital Is A New Facility That Replaced The...
Greystone Psychiatric Hospital in NJ
Greystone psychiatric hospital is a new facility that replaced the old administration building. It is a 450–bed residential health care institution, located
in a single self–contained building that includes treatment mall with over 21 rooms for various activities. In addition, there are also cottages to house a
total of sixty patients to help those ready to transition to more independent living. It provides a transitional housing for patients.. Community rooms,
such as computer training room, art studio, classroom for adult education are provided for patients. The wellness area consists of a basketball court, a
Gazebo and a pool, providing a variety of recreation facilities. During my interview and observation, I found that the hospital fully utilizes Treatment
Teams, consisting of clinicians from different fields. Through collaboration between medical staff, the hospital is looking to improve the overall
outcomes of treatment for patients. The mission of this agency, according to Jennifer, is dedicated to care and support of each person's journey toward
individual safety, well–being and settling in the society. The goal of treatments provided by this hospital is to help individuals with severe mental illness
stabilize their psychiatric symptoms, reduce the risk of harm. The hospital is providing persons with mental illness less restrictive settings, in which
recovery will continue.
Greystone is designed for individuals with severe or

Psychiatric Care Strengths
When family is viewed as the unit of care, the scope of family takes on a more holistic and inclusive view of the multiple members and their
inter–related strengths, unique limitations, and shared resources.
The present study reaffirms that psychiatric patients possess a repertoire of strengths that should be assessed and used in care plans. This study gives
further evidence that providing insight into the strengths of patients will facilitate the process of care and healing in this population.
In order to identify the strengths and enhance patients' quality of care, it is important for nurses to address their strengths. This point has particular
significance for psychiatric nursing and other mental health care professionals as they are well

The Treatment Of Psychiatric Drugs
The Use of Psychiatric Drugs To Treat Children
Statistics determine that seventeen million children in the world have been prescribed psychiatric medications for mental illnesses or disorders
("Facts and Statistics"). In a society where one in four people suffer from a mental illness, it's disturbing to find that many of these people are
children. Many of these children will never have the opportunity to live normally without being under the influence of a drug. After taking a position
as a lead teacher for a two year old classroom, it's disheartening to hear that children as young as eighteen months old are being prescribed psychiatric
medication. One can imagine how severe the physical, mental, emotional, and social impact would be on a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These drugs are generally prescribed when a person is diagnosed with a mental illness such as Schizophrenia, Depression, or Attention Deficit Disorder.
The sudden rise in number of mental illness diagnoses has led to a rapid increase in the number of prescriptions recommended to patients. Sadly, many
of these patients are children who are diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Depression. According
to Erica Goode, studies indicate that "pediatricians and child psychiatrists", are frequently leaning towards the use of psychotropic medication as the
"treatment of choice" for an assortment of mental illnesses and disorders (Goode, "Study Finds Jump in Children Taking Psychiatric Drugs"). This
acknowledgement solidifies the unsettling norm of children taking prescription drugs daily in an effort to mask their behaviors. Instead of using
numerous methods of teaching and parenting to counteract unpleasant or hyperactive behavior, professionals have now employed a different approach
by using "medicalization" to treat "emotional and behavioral problems" (Mcleod et. al, 54). The problem with this approach is that the behavior is
never actually addressed. Instead it's medicated causing children to become zombies or robots rather than living, breathing, human beings, with genuine
thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
In addition to the strange increase in the use of psychiatric drugs to treat children, there are also several side

Non Psychiatric Wards
Many western studies have emphasized that there is a significant prevalence of undetected psychiatric illness among the inpatients of non–psychiatric
wards in hospitals.31,32 According to Katz and Alexopoules, many of the depressive disorders remain undiagnosed and untreated as they are
misinterpreted to be a normal part of ageing33. Schuckit et al.,in a hospital based study, observed that 24% of the patients who are more than 65
years, in the medical and surgical wards, had psychiatric comorbidities among which, depression and alcohol related disorders were predominant34.
Uwakwe in a hospital based study observed that 45.3% of the elderly inpatients of non psychiatric wards had psychiatric illness, with depression being
Accordingly, all elderly patients suffering from various physical illnesses must be screened for depression, and it must be treated adequately.38 In a
cross sectional study done by Sood A et al.,42 in inpatients of the Government Medical College, Amritsar has found that out of the 528 patients, 260
(49%) had psychiatric comorbidity. Psychiatric assessment of patients was made based on psycho–geriatric assessment scales (PAS) and present state
examination. The most common psychiatric disorder was found to be depression (25.94%), followed by adjustment disorders (11%), anxiety disorders
(4.54%), dementias (3.6%), delirium (3%), bipolar disorders (0.8%), and substance–related disorders (0.4%) Similarly, Abhay et al. in a hospital based
study found that nearly 52.5% of the patients with chronic medical illness suffer from psychiatric illness, in which depression being the most
common32. In a comparative study conducted by Tiwari and Srivatsava, the prevalence of psychiatric disorders was found to be high in geriatric
population (42.21%), among which, depression and anxiety disorders were most

The Mental Health Of Psychiatric Nursing
My interview is with a 27 year old male nurse by the name of Ryan Eads who has had experience with the mental health for the past 10 years. Eads is
currently employed in Rockford IL, at Swedish American Hospital. Prior to our interview I researched online just what questions to ask and
familiarize myself on basic terms to better understand what Mr. Eads would be informing me of.
While researching I found that Psychiatric nursing encompasses a fully holistic care model. A Psychiatricmental health (PMH) nurse must assess and
integrate a patient's medical, physical, social, cultural, socioeconomic, etc. considerations with his /her mental health concerns. Psychiatric nursing is
equal parts knowledge, compassion, and intuition leveraged by experience. Psychiatric nurses deliver care with a planned emphasis on addressing the
very areas of health and the mind that other nursing and medical disciplines view as an afterthought or footnote to the priority of physical/biological
care. Psychiatric nurses, by helping a client to improve and positively progress in their mental health, can impact that client's ability to maintain healthy
lifestyles, medical regimens, employability, community integration and productivity. Psychiatric nurses are essential to the real–time enhancement of
their client's quality of life.
Q. Mr. Eads what does a PMH nurse do on an average day?
A. An average day as a PMH nurse consists of report and rounds with my fellow nurses. Talking with/assessing each

The Cost Of Psychiatric Care
The payment model devised in the study addresses the cost of psychiatric care for long–term patients. The type of facility, length of stay, diagnosis, and
treatment and resources used during care affect the average cost of psychiatric care. The cost of services for mentally ill patients in long–term, chronic
care decreased. Initial costs are so high due to the number of resources needed during acute–care; however, as patients require care for longer periods
of time, resource needs declines, which in turn causes daily costs to decline. The average cost of the first day of care is approximately $140 while the
one–hundredth day of care is approximately $40. After one hundred days in psychiatric care, the total cost would average about $6,000 2.
How are these services paid for? What is average reimbursement?
Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance pay for mental health services; however, out–of–pocket payments were the highest form of payment for
adults and children receiving psychiatric care. The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), which is a resource that provides information regarding
health services of the United States, had published explaining that out–of–pocket payments for mental health services increased from 35.2 billion
dollars in 1996 to 57.5 billion dollars in 2006 1. In the study "An Examination of Costs, Charges, and Payments for Inpatient Psychiatric Treatment in
Community Hospitals", the results found that Medicare and Medicaid cover about 50% of

Essay about The Role of Psychiatric Nurse
Clear role definition is essential to the development of the psychiatric nurse. The expanded role of the psychiatric nurse is clearly identified in the
literature for many areas of care such for the forensic psychiatric nurse in Lyons (2009), the nurse practitioner in O'Neil, Moore, and Ryan (2008);
Kaye et al. (2009) , and for the mental health liaison nurse in Merritt and Procter ( 2010). However, a clear role definition for the generalist nurse is
not easily found (Rungapadiachy & Gough, 2004). According to these authors, a definition of the generalist role and its associated behaviors are not
easily articulated. Hildegard Peplau, the only psychiatric nursing theorist (McKenna & Slevin, 2008) identifies nursing roles that... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In the orientation role, the nurse and patient spend time getting to know each other. In the identification phase, the nurse helps the patient identify his
or her needs. The patient begins to focus on new goals in the exploitation phase, and finally, in the resolution phase, the nurse and the patient
collaboratively agree the patient has met his or her goals. Rungapadiachy and Gough (2004) in a study that explores mental health nursing students'
perception of the nursing role in psychiatry, identifies several themes in which student nurses identify five psychiatric nursing roles. The roles include
nurse administrator, agent of physical interventions, medication administrator, and educator. These authors conclude that role identification is highly
complex and not always easy to define. However, they contend that the role of the psychiatric nurse should be expanded in order to develop the
therapeutic interactions between the nurse and the patient. Hurley (2009) designed a qualitative study to clarify the identity of the mental health nurse.
The author defines the psychiatric nurse's role as the role as exhibited in several behaviors. The behaviors include, being a generic specialist, adopting
the patient's focus, engaging in talking therapy, interacting with the patients, and engaging in a therapeutic use of self. According to Foster, McAllister
and O'Brien (2006) a therapeutic use of self is

Psychiatric Illness
Unfortunately, when someone is displaying symptoms or behaviors that could be identified as a psychiatric illness or disorder it can be difficult
and scary. Realizing that they need help can be a really hard thing to do. When trying to help a friend or family members, we need to be really
careful what we say or how we act. Are intentions might be good, but it can turn them away from getting help if we say the wrong thing. Instead of
pressuring them to get help, we need to continue to be supportive if they are refusing to get help, be available, listen when they need to talk, and
remember to only offer help and advice when they reach out to us. In my area, we have many professionals that are available to help, but there is one
Center in particular

My Clinical Experience At A Psychiatric Hospital

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