الكثافة

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‫ويقال لها الكتلة الحجمية‬

‫وهي صفة فيزيائية للسجسام تعب ر عن علةقة‬
‫رّ‬
‫وحدة الحجم بوحدة الكتلة لمادة أو سجسم ما‬
‫ ٍ‬
‫ ٍ‬

‫فكلما ازدادت الكثافة‬
‫ازدادت الكتلة لوحدة الحجام‬
‫وعلى هذا‬
‫فهي كتلة وحدة الحجوم من المادة .‬

‫‪‬‬

‫تساوي الكثافة لجسم كتلته الكلية‬
‫ ٍ‬
‫مقسومة على حجمه الكلي.‬

‫‪‬‬

‫وحدتها الغ رام في السنتيمت ر المكعب‬
‫³‪g/cm‬‬

‫يرمز لها بالرمز ‪ρ‬‬
‫تعرف الكثافة بالعلةقة:‬

‫ كثافة‬‫ كتلة‬‫- حجم‬

‫تتأثر كثافة الجزيء بالحرارة والضغط‬

‫فعندما تتمدد السجسام بفعل الحرارة تفقد ةقوتها‬
‫الجاذبة ما بين سجزيئاتها‬

‫وبذلك تكبر المسافات ما بينها وتكثر حركتها‬
‫الداخلية الجزيئية‬

‫فتتمدد وعندما تنضغط وتنكمش السجسام بفعل‬
‫الضغط‬

‫تكسب ةقوتها الجاذبة ما بين سجزيئاتها )القوي‬
‫الداخلية الجزيئية(‬

‫)المر الملحظ في الغازات على وسجه الخصوص(‬

‫فإن كتلتها الحجمية تزداد‬
‫ةّ‬
‫ةّ‬

‫ولذلك تسج ل الكثافة عادة عند درجة الحرارة‬
‫ ّ‬
‫ ّ‬
‫وقياس الضغط القياسيين.‬

‫وهناك ما يعرف بالكثافة المطلقة عند درجة‬
‫الصفر المئوي والضغط الجوي.‬

‫والكثافة تتحكم بطبيعة المادة‬

‫فإن كانت كبيرة أصبحت المادة صلبة‬

‫وإن كانت الكثافة متوسطة أصبحت المادة سائلة‬

‫وإن كانت الكثافة صغيرة أصبحت غازية‬

‫ولكن ممكن ان تكون هناك مادة صلبة وتكون‬
‫كثافتها اق ل من السائ ل‬

‫وذلك يعود للحجم والكتلة لجسم هذه المادة‬

‫كيفية حساب كثافة السوائ ل علميا‬

‫كثافة )السائ ل والصلب( تقاس بالنسبة‬
‫للماء.‬

‫وكثافة الغازات تقاس بالنسبة للهواء.‬

‫كثافة السائل= الكتلة الحجمية للسائل / الكتلة الحجمية للماء.‬

‫فائدة: الكتلة الحجمية ل ي مادة=‬
‫كتلتها/حجمها.‬

‫الكتلة الحجمية للماء= 1 غ/سم مكعب =‬
‫0001 كغ/متر مكعب‬

‫السوائل الطافية ... )سوائل في طبقات(‬

‫إن السائل الكثر كثافة يطفو فوق السائل اللقل‬
‫كثافة‬

‫النهاية‬

‫في انتظار عروض اخرى بإذن ال‬
‫تحياتي / صالح القرني‬

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الكثافة

1. ‫الكثـــــــــــا‬ ‫فــة‬

2. ‫ويقال لها الكتلة الحجمية‬ ‫وهي صفة فيزيائية للسجسام تعب ر عن علةقة‬ ‫رّ‬ ‫وحدة الحجم بوحدة الكتلة لمادة أو سجسم ما‬ ‫ ٍ‬ ‫ ٍ‬

3. ‫فكلما ازدادت الكثافة‬ ‫ازدادت الكتلة لوحدة الحجام‬ ‫وعلى هذا‬ ‫فهي كتلة وحدة الحجوم من المادة .‬

4. ‫‪‬‬ ‫تساوي الكثافة لجسم كتلته الكلية‬ ‫ ٍ‬ ‫مقسومة على حجمه الكلي.‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫وحدتها الغ رام في السنتيمت ر المكعب‬ ‫³‪g/cm‬‬

5. ‫يرمز لها بالرمز ‪ρ‬‬ ‫تعرف الكثافة بالعلةقة:‬ ‫ كثافة‬‫ كتلة‬‫- حجم‬

6. ‫تتأثر كثافة الجزيء بالحرارة والضغط‬ ‫فعندما تتمدد السجسام بفعل الحرارة تفقد ةقوتها‬ ‫الجاذبة ما بين سجزيئاتها‬

7. ‫وبذلك تكبر المسافات ما بينها وتكثر حركتها‬ ‫الداخلية الجزيئية‬ ‫فتتمدد وعندما تنضغط وتنكمش السجسام بفعل‬ ‫الضغط‬

8. ‫تكسب ةقوتها الجاذبة ما بين سجزيئاتها )القوي‬ ‫الداخلية الجزيئية(‬ ‫)المر الملحظ في الغازات على وسجه الخصوص(‬ ‫فإن كتلتها الحجمية تزداد‬ ‫ةّ‬ ‫ةّ‬

9. ‫ولذلك تسج ل الكثافة عادة عند درجة الحرارة‬ ‫ ّ‬ ‫ ّ‬ ‫وقياس الضغط القياسيين.‬ ‫وهناك ما يعرف بالكثافة المطلقة عند درجة‬ ‫الصفر المئوي والضغط الجوي.‬

10. ‫والكثافة تتحكم بطبيعة المادة‬ ‫فإن كانت كبيرة أصبحت المادة صلبة‬ ‫وإن كانت الكثافة متوسطة أصبحت المادة سائلة‬ ‫وإن كانت الكثافة صغيرة أصبحت غازية‬

11. ‫ولكن ممكن ان تكون هناك مادة صلبة وتكون‬ ‫كثافتها اق ل من السائ ل‬ ‫وذلك يعود للحجم والكتلة لجسم هذه المادة‬

12. ‫كيفية حساب كثافة السوائ ل علميا‬ ‫كثافة )السائ ل والصلب( تقاس بالنسبة‬ ‫للماء.‬

13. ‫وكثافة الغازات تقاس بالنسبة للهواء.‬ ‫كثافة السائل= الكتلة الحجمية للسائل / الكتلة الحجمية للماء.‬

14. ‫فائدة: الكتلة الحجمية ل ي مادة=‬ ‫كتلتها/حجمها.‬ ‫الكتلة الحجمية للماء= 1 غ/سم مكعب =‬ ‫0001 كغ/متر مكعب‬

15. ‫السوائل الطافية ... )سوائل في طبقات(‬ ‫إن السائل الكثر كثافة يطفو فوق السائل اللقل‬ ‫كثافة‬

16. ‫النهاية‬ ‫في انتظار عروض اخرى بإذن ال‬ ‫تحياتي / صالح القرني‬

الكثافة

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الكثافة