A High-Voltage Compliant Microelectrode Array Driver For...

A High-Voltage Compliant Microelectrode Array Driver for...
2.5
High–voltage switching
A fundamental component of this microelectrode driver is a high–voltage switch and it is necessary to characterize the implemented switch for
different stimulation current levels. An analog CMOS switch can be an n–type or p–type MOSFET which is operated either in cut–off (OFF state) or
ohmic region
(ON state). The switch can be characterized by a fixed linear transconductance, gds , which is strongly signal–dependent and expressed according to Eq.
8 [37] where, Ојn and Ојp are electron and hole mobility respectively in two types of transistors, Cox is the gate–oxide capacitance, W n and W p are
the dimensions of transistors, VDD is the power supply
L
L voltage, and Vin is the input signal. The bulk of NMOS and PMOS transistors are connected to the highest potential, VDD and the lowest potential,
VSS respectively. The limitations are that the maximum voltage an NMOS and the minimum voltage a PMOS can pass are [VDD в€’ Vthn ] and
|Vthp | respectively.
This drawback can be overcome using CMOS transmission gate (TG) which exhibits lower overall transconductance. Another advantage of using TG
based switch is that it passes good '1' (or logic level high) and good '0' (logic level low) without any threshold voltage drop, or in other words, TG gate
switch allows rail–to–rail swings. The transconductance of TG gate switch is expressed by the following equation: The on resistance RsON of the
switch is the reciprocal of its transconductance, gdsON and given by
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Statement Of Purpose In Electronics And Communication...
Statement of purpose
"Electronics gadgets and communication systems of present age have tremendously improved the quality of life. With the tempo of events throughout
the world, it has become essential to have more efficient communication network with the latest electronic devices and circuits." The strikingly first
sentence i read while going through a brochure after passing out from my secondary education and this curiosity pushed me to explore further with on
the internet to obtain an information about the field.
I took an admission for diploma in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, A gained knowledge in the diploma prior to my bachelors degree
has helped me to explore the field more rigorously throughout my bachelor curriculum. I have completed my undergraduate Bachelor's degree in
Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering from Mumbai university in June 2012.
When I was a kid I always wonder how do microwave oven works how can we pick up a well cooked cake within a few seconds ?? How does ... Show
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I wondered how can a simple logic of sensors can be implemented for the effective functioning of trains. Here i started exploring the world of
electronics by comprehending every other aspect of the concepts developing the ability to use it in a different way so as to accomplish a traditional
work in more simplified and efficient manner. Diploma in Electronics and Communication engineering has cleared my fundamentals of electronic
devices (micro–controller, microprocessor), electrical circuits with basic components like resistors, conductors, capacitors, ICs, encoders, decoders
consequently given a chance to integrate this components in circuit using bread boards as well as PCB designing. I learned these concepts practically
in the labs after the analysis of the theoretical

Pros and Cons of Packet and Circuit Switching.
Question:
What is Circuit and Packet Switching? Also Write Pros and Cons of Packet & Circuit Switching.
Answer:
Circuit Switching:
Circuit switching was the first early era technique used in communication networks because it is quite simple, easy and enough to carry analog signals.
The main example of its use in the telephone system, but it is also used in the core network and the core of the internet in the form of SONET/SDH. In
circuit switching, the transmission medium is mostly divided into the channels using the FDM(Frequency Division Multiplexing), CDM (code division
Multiplexing) or Time division Multiplexing. A circuit is established the carry the information from source to the destination. The signaling method is
used to create a circuit. This signaling method only carries and control the information, and considering the overhead. Overhead is the most important
part in the circuit switching. It is assumed that the signaling and per–circuit state manage to make the circuit switches are very difficult and hard to
design, operate and the configuration also.
Circuit switching brings a direct physical connection between two nodes such as telephones or computers. In order to create the direct connection by
the many links it is necessary that each link or node to be simultaneously free at all. Thus the average utilization of the all resources of the nodes must
be low if Evaluation of Telecommunication Switching systems the probability of demand for connection is

Mini Project
EE2031 Circuit and Systems Design Lab
Mini–Project Report
Voice Disguiser
Presented by:
Friday Room 3 Group 7
Wang Ke (A0105276J)
Wu Jianxiao (A0099910W)
1.Introduction
1.1 Aim
During the 6 hands–on individual labs before this mini project, we have learnt the design and implementation of filter and oscillator, together with
applied characterization of different components. The objective of Mini–Project was for students to demonstrate their innovative design skills and
implement knowledge learnt in lectures to real–life product design. Therefore, we aimed to integrate what we learnt in individual labs into one single
product, which is a Voice
Disguiser that can solve practical problems of witness protection.
1.2 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Figure 1: Project Flowchart
2.2 Microphone Unit
The microphone was implemented to allow the user to transmit speaker's voice as analog voice signal from the audio socket. The analog voice signal
captured by the microphone is then needed to pass through an amplifier circuit. The amplitude of this voice signal can be amplified from millivolts to
volts so that the signal becomes easier to for us work with in following implementations. As figure 2 shown, this amplifier circuit is built by firstly
connecting the microphone input through the positive input terminal of the LM358 chip. Secondly, a feedback loop is built through the output and
negative terminal. Then the analog voice signal captured by the microphone is, therefore, amplified.

Figure 2: Schematic Of Microphone Unit
The resistance values of R4 and R3 is purposely chosen for an amplifier gain of 5.7. As shown in Figure 3, a significant amplifying effect of the
microphone voice signal can been seem afer passing through the amplifier.
Figure 3: Waveform Of Voice Signal Before (Blue) And After (Yellow) Amplifier
Based on oscilloscope detection, the peak–to–peak value of microphone voice signal before amplifier is 220mV, while the one after the amplifier is
1.28V. The actual amplifier gain is therefore 5.8 (1.28/0.22), which is very close to the designed value of 5.7.
2.3 Frequency Modification Unit
This

Implementation Of 8x8 Modified Booth Multiplier With Hpm...
Figure 3.6: Implementation of 8x8 Modified Booth Multiplier with HPM Reduction Method [4]
The Figure.3.6 shows the implementation 8x8 modified booth multiplier using High Performance Multiplier (HPM) reduction method [4]. The
modified booth algorithm is a predominant high performance multiplier which has low number of partial products row. The generation of these partial
products is quite complex to implement in hardware. So in this work has used a straight forward way of implementing a Signed and Unsigned
Multiplication using Baugh–Wooley Algorithm with HPM reduction tree method. Baugh–Wooley Multiplier with HPM reduction tree is discussed in
Chapter Six.
CHAPTER FOUR: LOW–POWER DESIGN
4.1 Introduction:
In earlier stages of VLSI circuit design the emphasis is on Area and Speed optimization giving concerns to Packaging and Efficient designing. As the
technology scales down according to predictions of Moor's Law, it is advent that the CMOS dimensions have been scaled down drastically. But due to
increase in use of Portable Devices Such as Cellphones, Laptops, Personal Health Monitoring systems, there has been a demand of higher battery life
for Portable devices. Whereas big data centers which contains large set of circuits consumes tremendous power and dissipates large amount of heat
which incurs huge cost to maintain. The solution for these problems is to design circuits which consume low power which give rise to the concept of
Low–Power VLSI designing.
As this

Graduation Speech : Science And Mathematics Essay
As a child, I watched documentaries and often deliberated over what scientists and engineers do and how things are created. Moreover, I was
enthralled with the imaginative power of the human brain to use technologies and develop pioneering systems and tools that have a lasting impact on
the quality of our life. These influences drove me to choose science and mathematics in grade eleventh. With a clear vision for the field in which I
wanted to venture in after my school education, I wrote engineering entrance examination for the reputed Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India.
Based on my performance in it, I was chosen for under graduate course in Electrical and Electronics Engineering at a reputed college affiliated to the
university.
The undergraduate program integrated subjects from Information Technology as well as Electronics and Communication Engineering. During my
undergraduation I ardently took different platforms such as workshops in my dedicated efforts to acquire knowledge of nuances of my chosen field.
As a part of these endeavors, I completed an online course on 'Smart Grids' from the open online course provider, edX. It was enriching to pursue a
forward–looking course and learn under the guidance of professors who always encouraged us to seek different avenues. In the favorable
environment, I could utilize my potential and explore my interests. A consistent performer in my college, I am in the bracket of top ten of my class of
sixty five students.
A learning

Make or Buy Analysis Essay
Sam Johnson is the owner of a medium–size electronics company, Integrated Electronics Manufacturing (IEM), which produces high–grade electronic
modules used by several major electronics manufacturers to produce a variety of military and commercial telecommunications devices such as aircraft
radios, navigational equipment, land–based satellite receivers, and other items. IEM has 60 employees. Normally, IEM purchases electronic parts such
as resistors, capacitors, circuit boards and enclosures from several different suppliers and assembles the modules in its own facility. Some of the parts,
like circuit boards and enclosures, are built to IEM engineer's specifications while others are "off the shelf". The engineers have come up with a... Show
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The equipment is normally used to manufacture prototype boards, so its full capacity is never used. Since this new circuit board will not be
manufactured in very large quantities, the machine will suffice, although some additional "add–ons" as well as supplies will be needed to produce this
particular board. There is a 20% chance that equipment failure may cause a significant problem and, if it does, the impact is estimated at $50,000.
Here's the data: |Production Item |Data | |Equipment Add On's (one time) |$17,500 | |Monthly Equipment Maintenance (or fraction) |$3,000 | |Daily
Operating Expense |$400 | |Material Cost per 100 boards (or fraction) |$4,200 | |Mask Preparation |$25,000 | |Labor Cost per Day |$572 | |Scrap
(Completed boards that fail QA) |10% | |Daily Production Capacity (designed capacity) |25 | |Boards to be Produced |4,000 | |Work Days Per

Design And Comparative Performance Analysis
Design and Comparative Performance Analysis of Shift Register Using Pulse Triggered Flip–Flops and Pulsed Latches
K.Rajesh1, Mr. R.Bapannadora2, Dr.V.S.R Kumari3
1M.Tech Scholar, Dept. of Electronics & Communication, Sri Mittapalli College Of Engineering, Guntur Email: kommavarapurajesh01@gmail.com
2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electronics & Communication, Sri Mittapalli College Of Engineering, Guntur Email: bapannadora@gmail.com
3Professor & HOD, Dept. of ECE, Sri Mittapalli College Of Engineering, Guntur, A.P, India Email: vsrk46@gmail.com
Abstract: Nowadays for each and every designing in VLSI era the power consumption plays a vital role. Low power has emerged as a principal theme
in today's electronics industry. The low power VLSI design has important role in designing of many electronic design systems. On designing any
combinational or sequential circuits, the power consumption, implementation area, voltage leakage, and efficiency of the circuit are the important
parameters to be considered initially. This paper proposes a low–power and area–efficient shift register using pulsed latches. The area and power
consumption are reduced by replacing flip–flops with pulsed latches. This method solves the timing problem between pulsed latches through the use of
multiple non–overlap delayed pulsed clock signals instead of the conventional single pulsed clock signal. The shift register uses a small number of the
pulsed clock signals by grouping the latches to several sub

Computer Science
Part–1 1.What are common carriers, local exchange carriers, and interexchange carriers? A common carrier is a private company that sells or leases
communication services and facilities to the public. Common carriers are profit–oriented, and their primary products are services for voice and data
transmissions, both over traditional wired circuits as well as cellular services. Common carriers often supply a broad range of computer–based
services, such as the manufacturing and marketing of specialized communication hardware and software. A common carrier that provides local
telephone services (e.g., BellSouth) is commonly called a local exchange carrier (LEC), while one that provides long distance services (e.g., MCI) is...
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Therefore, dedicated circuits require more care in network design than switched circuits both in terms of locations and the amount of capacity you
purchase. With packet switched services, the user again buys a connection into the common carrier cloud. The user pays a fixed fee for the connection
into the network depending upon the type and capacity of the service and is charged for the number of packets transmitted. 13. Distinguish among T1,
T2, T3, and T4 circuits. T1 circuit is sometimes called a DS–1 circuit. It provides a data rate of 1.544 Mbps. T1 circuits can be used to transmit data,
but often are used to transmit both data and voice. In this case, a time division multiplexer (TDM) provides 24 64–Kbps circuits. Digitized voice using
pulse code modulation (PCM) requires a 64 Kbps circuit so T1 circuit enables 24 simultaneous voice channels. T2 circuit transmits data at a rate of
6.312 Mbps. Basically; it is a multiplexed bundle of four T1 circuits. T3 circuits allow transmission at a rate of 44.376 Mbps, although most articles
refer to this rate as 45 megabits per second. This is equal to the capacity of 28 T1 circuits. T3 circuits are becoming popular as the transmission
medium for corporate MANs and WANs because of their higher data rates. At low speed, these T3 circuits can be used as 672 different 64 Kbps
channels or voice channels. A T4 circuit transmits at

Product Design Specification ( Pds )
Product Design Specification (PDS)
PDS stands for Product Design Specification and they are a detailed description of requirements, dimensions and materials that will be used throughout
the creation of the green powered car project.
Statement of the Problem
A statement of the problem is statement highlighting the issues that need to be addressed by a problem solving team; this is used to get the team to
work together on a common goal in the beginning.
The task we have been assigned for this project is to design and manufacture a fully functioning green powered car which will be raced in the croft
formula race. The subject my group has been given is the electronics, this is a vital part of the car if we want to win due to the fact that ... Show more
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Design– to design a fully functioning circuit (Parallel or Series) which links all of the components together, we need to make sure that the wires are
concealed to ensure that the car looks aesthetically pleasing.
Testing– to ensure that the circuit works my group and I will need to run multiple tests, we will also need to decide whether to use a parallel or a
series circuit, we will choose a circuit type based on how long the battery lasts and which circuit has the most power. We will also need to find the most
suitable places to put the components.
Manufacturing– to be able to manufacture and create the designs we have produced, also each part of the final product should be fully functional and
contribute towards the finished product.
The main desired outcome would be to finish the green powered car with plenty of time to spare so we can test it and therefore hopefully do well in
the race. With all of our teams working together and everybody doing their part I believe that this is a very possible outcome.
The People Involved And Their Responsibilities
Electrical
Team leader for the electrical group is: Jack Dent, his job is to guide the team as well as wiring up the battery and brake lights.
Lewis Dixon– my job is to help Jack to wire up the battery to the system

Information Flowing Through The Bla-To-Pl Projection May
Information flowing through the BLA–to–PL projection may be the dominant route for reward behavior. PL is important for the enhancement in
reward–seeking behavior when the deprived animal is re–exposed to the previously rewarding context (reinstatement)(Gourley & Taylor, 2016). PL is
also important for discriminative reward seeking(Sangha et al., 2014). The BLA–PL projection is important for reinstatement. BLA modulates the
activity of PL responding to the CS (Gourley & Taylor, 2016).
Both IL and PL of the mPFC has reciprocal projections with the BLA. It is unclear the functional contribution of projections in the reciprocal direction
such as PL–to–BLA projection in fear learning, BLA–to–IL projection in safety learning, and PL–to–BLA ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During learning, many physiological changes can be found to correlate with behaviors. However neural correlates that are not part of the dominant
circuit may play a modulatory role in affecting learning rate, or it can have no effect on behavior as they may simply be passive relays from other
structures. Critical structures and their projections are major contributors as the absence of any one of them will abolish behavior. Dysregulations that
abolish behavioral performance must be either part of or at least influencing critical structures on the circuit. Focusing on circuits that contain only the
necessary components is critical to narrow the search for malfunctioning elements that lead to downstream changes and cause behavioral impairment.
Results from these aims would refine the current circuit underlying SFRLD. In turn, this information would be vital for electrophysiologically monitor
information flow from major contributors throughout the pathway and set the stage for identifying cellular level abnormalities from critical structures.
In order to restore the behavioral impairment in safety acquisition and reward regulation, treatment for PTSD–AD will need to rescue dysregulations in
the critical structures or pathways.
Innovation
Most studies look at fear and reward learning separately (Janak & Tye, 2015). The research proposed here is conceptually

Does The Play Gypsy Critique
Ray Byers
Professor Rafferty
Race and Theatre
27 October 2017
Gypsy Critique Gypsy was performed at Bridgewater State University in a production directed by Colleen Rua. Gypsy is a musical with book written
by Arthur Laurents, music by Jule Styne, and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and is based on the memoirs of Gypsy Rose Lee. The musical tells the story
of Rose as she tries to get her Vaudevillian show consisting of her two young daughters, June and Louise, successful. The first we see of Rose, played
in this production by Angela Harrington, is the classic image of an overbearing stage mother as she tells young Louise, played by Hannah Buhman, to
"sing out" alongside the real star of their Vaudevilleshow, young "Baby June," played by Lauren Coleman. After their performance and back at their
small home, Rose expresses her big dreams of fame and talent for her children, focusing primarily on June and pushing Louise to the side.
However, the lack of money is a problem is achieving this dream and Rose's father, Pop (Tiago Rodrigues), tries to convince Rose to settle down
and refuses to let Rose borrow money. In the song, "Some People" Rose expresses her dreams about June and her discontent with "setting still." This
is the first we get to hear of Harrington's voice and it is fantastic, loud, and commanding which not only sounds great but perfectly fits Rose's character
and personality. After stealing her father's gold plaque to sell for money, she and her children travel to

The Development Of Dtmf Circuits Essay
CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1Overview
In this project, after the design and development parts were completed. The hardware development consists of the development of DTMF circuits,
driver circuit, microcontroller circuit and interfacing circuits by using EAGLE software. This chapter will discuss the results of the overall system
development and its analysis. The result is discussed into two parts; the hardware development and accuracy of the system. These results have been
analyzed in order to improve the system performance in future work. Also show the result of the project in the prototype.
4.2Circuit Testing Result and Analysis This part of the analysis has been dedicated to testthe circuit operation. The testing was carried out to measuring
the input and output voltage and components connections were tested using a digital multimeter.
Figure 4.1: Power ON
The circuit is power up by 9V to 12V input and voltage regulator reduces the input voltage to 5V. LM voltage regulator is operating the microcontroller
circuit, LCD display, DTMF circuit and the L298N motor driver. The green LED indicates that the power supply circuit is functioning and working
perfectly.
Figure 4.2: Forward Movement
Figure 4.2 shows the output for DTMF decoder when key '2' is pressed on the mobile phone the binary equivalent 0100. The binary number has been
input to microcontroller in order to move the robot forward. The output from microcontroller has been 1010

How Technology Has Changed Today 's Society
Introduction In today's society, the computers we have now compared to the ones in the past, vary greatly. Back then, we could not do the many things
that we could today with our technology. Our technology has grown tremendously throughout the years and with this technology, we have been able to
accomplish a vast amount of things. With this exponential rate of our technology, it opens many opportunities for us. Also, it could possibly open up
to the 'Singularity'. In that case, there will be many outcomes of the singularity. Background Before the history of computers actually got started, the
word 'computer' was being used around the 1700's. It was defined as a human who was able to perform multiple calculations. The history of
computers dates back to the 1820's. A man by the name of Charles Babbage began developing a 'Difference Engine'. The difference engine was a
machine that was able to count multiple sets of numbers. In 1937 J.V. Atanasoff does an experiment in which he tries to create the first computer
without gears, cams, belts or shafts. Four years later, Atanasoff, with the help of his graduate student Clifford Berry, they are able create a computer
that is able to store and maintain information. This is the first digital computer. From this point on, many people help join in on the history of the
computer. In 1947/1948, the transistor was created. The transistor had a great impact and influenced the way of computers. John Bardeen, Walter
Brattain and William

Summary : ' The Camp ' Essay
Prologue
Jake Smith– 1100 Hours, August 7th, 2025 / Unknown U.S Military Hideout, Kabul– Afghanistan
It had been two years since I unlisted in the military; after seeing 9/11 as a little boy back in New York, I felt obligated that I had to put these
terrorist scums to rest. I was born and raised in a patriotic household; so that gave me a sense of encouragement to fight for the country I love. It had
been almost a complete year since I saw my family last; which was exchanging gifts at Christmas. I just had to think to myself that I was here; fighting
because of and for them and other Americans like them.
"Hey, Smith; quite muttering to yourself and get some sleep while you can. We got drill first thing in the morning before being the lookouts for the
group for a few hours." Sgt.Wolaski whispered. I realized he was right and put my head down on the rock hard pillow on the cot. It was nowhere near
comfortable but it was better than nothing.
Jake Smith– 0500 Hours, August 8th, 2025 / Unknown U.S Military Hideout, Kabul– Afghanistan
"Marines! Up and at 'em" yelled Col. Matthews. Followed by a loud blow of a whistle. This startled most of us but we were getting used to it. After
all most of us had been here for at least a couple of months. I put on my uniform, pants and my sand–colored camo cap. We stepped outside of our
tents; the air still dry and crisp. We all formed a line as the Colonel inspected us; making sure none of us were unprepared for the early morning drill and

Aladdin Theatre Analysis
Aladdin For my theatre critique, I went to see Aladdin written by Chad Beguelin and performed by the Disney Theatrical Productions. This
production was performed at the Orpheum Theatre in San Francisco. I saw this performance November 7, 2017. Overall, I thought that the
production was magnificent. In the opening number the Genie, despite him being the understudy, sang beautifully and set up the show very nicely.
He started off with comedy right away by holding up a Golden State Warriors hat after saying "the home of the..." he then procede to put the hat
back and pull out the magic lamp. I enjoyed this production because it was funny, musical, stunning, and spectacular. The storyline was very
interesting. The producers did not use humans as animals in the show. They did however replace the animal characters with people characters to
distinguish the play from the movie. I was seated in the balcony near stage left and could hear and see everything wonderfully. The actors were loud
and the stage had very bright and colorful props, set pieces, and costumes so it as easy to see. The sets and props were very big and the actors used
big gestures when using them so the audience could tell what each individual person was doing. The sets also spun to form new set pieces so the
actors could change the scenes quickly. The costumes, as I said, were very bright, colorful, and sparkly so the audience could see every actor's
movements and gestures, even if they were not a main role. The

Nt1210 Lab Report
1.0 Introduction: Telephone signals are controlled through the process of digital switches. Every wire a telephone has two connections, which is
known as input and outputs signals with a binary combination. In this lab, the overall purpose of the circuit was to build a telephone switch that would
function which connects to one subscriber to another. What the circuit does is that it gives an input signal using four subscribers which is connected
with an output signal using 8 subscribers. As the input signal known as MUX and output signal known as DeMUX, the wiring of the signals are
displayed of page 11 known as the Tekron Logic Lab sheet. After completing the circuit, to determine if each input signal is connected to an output
signal, the lamp input, S1 and S0, with the additional of pulse output of 1 and 3, the switch was turn on from the back of Tektron Logic device and
lamp switch. Then the button were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To determine a 4–input MUX as ask in perlab question 1.13, we used two of 2–input MUXs is used to build a 4 input MUX as shown in gates in figure
3. The 4–input MUX circuit in the perlab uses the design of three dual 2–input AND–NOR gates and five NOT gates. The figure 3 shows how a
4–input MUX could be constructed through the use of three two–input MUX's. For a four–input MUX, a combination of two binary values such as 00,
01, 10, and 11 were the addresses. A schematic of the dialer is given. The dialer was used to send signals through the MUX and DeMUX. On the
Tektron logic board, 52, 53 and 54 contain very useful gate considering I used them instead of 2 input gates, with N10, 11 and 12 were also used for
not inverter. The inerter required to change the signal back to its original form the OR gate, and by using those gates it can avoided saving multiple
wires to required to connect each gate together. As shown below in figure 3 using 51, 52, 53 and inverters, the MUX circuit was

Code Division Multiple Access
INTRODUCTION:
Code division multiple access (CDMA) is a technology which is used for radio communication purpose. Multiple access technique is a broad area for
communication purpose , CDMA is an example of multiple access technology, through which several number of transmitter can send information in a
single communication channel. In case of CDMA a particular bandwidth can shared between several number of users. To permit this technique to
achieve without undue interference between users, spread spectrum technology and a special coding scheme are used by CDMA. In modern era every
people want to use things which is smaller in size, can have more functionality and cost. This can only possible if we can integrate more and more
functionality into a single chip which helps achieve our objective and demand. To achieve this human wanting the scientists have developed a new
concept that is nanotechnology. Nano implies 10^(–9) which is very small . After nano scale development, the scientists of the semiconductor had
faced many challenges. The greater challenge was how to combine the Intellectual properties(IP) from various sources quickly and efficiently. These
have been overcome by introducing system on chip technology which is very grooming topic in modern technology. System on chip mostly called as
SOC is a best solution of combining a number on functionality into a single chip. System on chip is called as bus architecture based technology.
System on chip is

Application Of Science And Technology
With the constant development of technology over the last few decades, there has been a constant increase in the demand of services by the human
population. This has resulted in increased devotion of resources in the application of science and technology and hence overall increase in the need of
better gadgets and technology. Over the ages, the increase in demand for the large scale production has resulted in forcing the manufacturing companies
to outsource its intellectual property (IP) to foreign bodies. The increasing requirement is met, but it is paralleled with the increase in insertions of
Hardware Trojans. These circuits affect the fundamental behavior of the end product in manners which can degrade their efficiency and also may be...
To avoid such attacks the system should be resilient to external Trojan attacks. This paper briefly discusses the concept and evolutions of Hardware
Trojans, followed by their classification and finally deals with the techniques which are available to detect and counter the actions of Hardware
Trojans. Literature Review The present decade has experienced a rapid growth in the production of electronic devices. These devices have surely
increased the accessibility and comfort but they are also subject to security issues. The increase in security of such electronic facility has been a
necessity with the introduction of hardware circuits which tamper their behavior. "A Hardware Trojan is a malicious, undesired, intentional
modification of an electronic circuit or design, resulting in the undesired behaviour of an electronic device when in operation. It is like a back–door
that can be inserted into hardware – a foothold that an adversary can leverage to attack a system" [1]. A hardware Trojan is considered to be an
intentional modification in the physical structure of the IC which can render the IC to be either functionless or malfunction. Such conditions can result
in disastrous outcomes when it comes to applications of high level security and military usage. A hardware Trojan can either use the existing signals in
an IC and corrupt or alter them, hence damaging the data and commands and in turn resulting in improper execution of the hardware. It can also

computer waste
Abstract
The development, implementation, and maintenance of ISs constitute a large and growing part of the cost of doing business; protecting these
resources is a primary concern. Managers and users at all levels play a major role in helping organizations achieve the positive benefits of IS. These
people must also take the lead in helping to minimize or eliminate the negative consequences of poorly designed and improperly utilized information
systems. For managers and users to have such an influence, they must be properly educated. This paper examines about computer waste and computer
related mistakes and their causes; and the necessary measures to avoid them.
1. Introduction
Computers have become such valuable tools that today's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yet even the most sophisticated hardware cannot produce meaningful output if users do not follow proper procedures. Mistakes can be caused by
unclear expectations and a lack of feedback. A programmer might also develop a program that contains errors. In other cases, a data–entry clerk might
enter the wrong data. Unless errors are caught early and prevented, the speed of computers can intensify mistakes. As information technology becomes
faster, more complex, and more powerful, organizations and computer users face increased risks of experiencing the results of computer–related
mistakes.
4. Preventing computer related waste and mistakes
a. Establishing Policies and Procedures
The first step to prevent computer–related waste is to establish policies and procedures regarding efficient acquisition, use, and disposal of systems and
devices. Computers permeate organizations today, and it is critical for organizations to ensure that systems are used to their full potential. As a result,
most companies have implemented stringent policies on the acquisition of computer systems and equipment, including requiring a formal justification
statement before computer equipment is purchased, definition of standard computing plat– forms (operating system, type of computer chip, minimum
amount of RAM,

Best Buy Case Analysis Essay examples
Best Buy Case Analysis
Nature of Industry, Market, and Buying Behavior Best Buy is a retail store with over 600 stores nationwide and over a thousand around the world. It
is the major retailer store for electronics around the world and leads top ranked followed by Circuit City, Wal–Mart and Costco. The consumer
electronics industry is growing steadily over the past few years. 2008's projected revenue is expected to increase by 6.1%. This isn't higher than 2007
but it is higher compared to other industries which are failing. Some items that are expected to see an increase are TV displays, gaming platforms, and
next generation DVD players such as Blu–Ray and HD DVD (which Blu–Ray has won out over). As stated before the consumer ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
These five segments of shoppers make up the majority of shoppers in which Best Buy and the consumer electronics industry deals with on a daily basis.
The Organization Best Buy, like any other company, has its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Best Buy's strengths are that it is a very
large company with many resources. It has been the leader in consumer electronics for many years and is projected to keep growing. It has been a
house hold name for a number of years and this is also a big strength in the company. When someone is thinking of buying a TV or anything electronic,
usually the first place that comes to mind is Best Buy. Best Buy's strength in its customer–centricity is also very important. With the implication of this
program it has seen sales increase in the stores that it has tried this program in. Another strength of Best Buy is the company's employee enthusiasm.
Watching the case video we see that most of the employees are well trained and help the customers however they can, but this can be copied and
reproduced easily, which brings us to Best Buy's

Electronic Principles At Uxbridge College
2
Scenario–1
Partner Tech Ltd is one of the leading manufacturers in industrial control applications is starting a project on feedback systems. You are working as a
trainee technician and your manager has asked you to investigate the followings–
P3.2
Design a temperature control circuit using negative feedback. Your circuit should be stable and distortion free. Sensor : thermistor (10Kв„¦ +/–5%)
Power supply : 12v Vin : 0–12v
2.1 Introduction
This task was a part of assignment 2 for students pursuing Unit 39– Electronic Principles at Uxbridge College (UK) which was handed on 24th January
2014 and expected to submit back before 14th February 2014. I was a student at Uxbridge College during this period, hence I worked on this task during
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2.2.2
This task was has following objects–
Leaning design procedures
Understand the types and effects of feedback on circuit performance
Learn to design a stable and distortion free circuit
Simulate the circuit on multisim
Implement the circuit on breadboard (One Of Merit Questions)
Demonstrate management skills (A Part Of Distinction Question)
2.2.3
As a student, I was required to undertake the task individually. Therefore, my work area comprises formulate the entire design by appreciating various
design parameters and given conditions. In addition, I was advised to construct this system on breadboard and multisim followed by a write a report on
theoretical, practical and simulated results as a part of merit question. Furthermore, I was required to demonstrate my management abilities with regards
to this task to procure distinction.
A Turnitin report was necessary to depict the authenticity of the work.
2.2.4

2.2.5
Ensure that system conform various design parameters
Ensure a stable system with negative feedback
Ensure a distortion free circuit
Attempts to construct the system in lab with the help of Lab Technician and simulate on multisim
Write a report on the design procedures
2.3 Personnel Engineering Activity
2.3.1
In this task various parameters were unknown, before designing the circuit, I had to calculate them on the basis of the information provided and
Datasheets.
To solve this

A Novel Design Of A Double Tail Comparator
A Novel Design of a Double Tail Comparator
1Pedapudi Satish Babu,2N.V.Lalitha
1M.tech student, india, p.satish605@gmail.com.
Assistant proferssor,india,lalitha.nv@gmail.com.
Abstract: A new CMOS clocked dynamic comparator using two input single output differential amplifier as latch stage suitable for high speed analog
to digital converters with the performance of high speed, low power dissipation and low immune to noise. The conventional dynamic comparator
requires more power and has more delay. A conventional double tail dynamic comparator consumes less power and works at high speed than its
predecessor, the conventional comparator. There is very much need to reduce the delay and power consumption which is possible by strengthening the
positive feedback during the regeneration. This can be achieved by adding few transistors to the double tail dynamic comparator. Using the inverter
based differential amplifier to design a novel double tail comparator for reducing the no of transistors and better characteristics. The performance of
this method is to be analyzed with the existing two designs at different power voltages and frequencies using 0.18Ојm CMOS Technology. Key words:
Double–tail comparator, dynamic clocked comparator, high–speed analog–to–digital converters (ADCs), low–power analog design, inverter op–amp
1. INTRODUCTION
Comparators also known as single bit analog–to–digital converter that are mostly used in abundance A/D converter. A

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Circuit Breaker
3.4controlled opening
Controlled opening subjects for controlling the contact separation of all the three poles of circuit breaker with respect to the phase angle of the
current. Controlling of the point of contact separation determines the arcing time of the breaker contacts to help and prevent breaker and circuit
switched to get not to fail in its operation and to minimize stress and disturbances to the power system. The implementation of controlled opening is
randomly the same regardless of the equipment is to being switched. The control is straight forward once timing data for a breaker is available,
particularly the time from energizing the trip coil to contact separation. Although controlled opening is greatly done using the current through the circuit
breaker, the bus bar voltage can be used if the voltage current phase relationship is always known to us, such as for shunt reactor and switching of shunt
capacitor. The breaker is controlled so that its contacts will part just after a current zero. As the contacts manage to open they draw out an arc that will
extinguish less than a half cycle later at the next current zero position. When the arc will extinguish, the contacts would have been separates as far
apart as practical, which provides the maximum dielectric strength available for the surrounding conditions. This gives the breaker its best chance of
successfully with standing the recovery voltage and not having a re–ignition or a re–strike. Re–ignition is a dielectric breakdown that re establishes
current within 90 electrical degrees of interruption. Re–strike is a dielectric breakdown after 90 degrees. Figure 3.4 shows the timing sequence for
controlled ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To= Mechanical opening time of contacts of circuit

Protection Scheme of a 3-Phase Induction Motor
PLC BASED PROTECTION SCHEME OF 3–О¦ INDUCTION MOTOR
Authors
Muhammad Tariq 08–EL–85
Supervisor
Engr. Farhana Umer
Lecturer
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Year–2012
PLC BASED PROTECTION SCHEME OF 3–О¦ INDUCTION MOTOR
By
Muhammad Tariq08–EL–85
THESIS SUBMITTED TO UCE&T, ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY OF PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELORS IN ELECTRICAL (Power) ENGINEERING
Research Supervisor

Engr. Farhana Umer
Lecturer
DEPARTMENT OFELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
University College of Engineering and Technology,
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
YEAR–2012
Table of Contents
Abstract ...........vii
Acknowledgementix
List ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Power System fault is defined as undesirable condition that occurs in the power system. These undesirable conditions such as short circuit, current
leakage, ground short, over current and overvoltage and over–temperature.
With the increasing loads, voltages and short–circuit duty in distribution system, over current protection has become more important today. The ability
of protection system is demanded not only for economic reason but also consumers just expect 'reliable' service. In a Power System Protection, the
system engineer would need a device that can monitor current, voltage, frequency, temperature and in some case over power in the system. Thus a
device called Protective Relay is created to serve the purpose. The protective relay is most often relay coupled with Circuit Breaker such that it can
isolate the abnormal condition in the system. In the interest of reliable

The Effectiveness Of Service Learning
According to Felten and Clayton in the article Service Learning, they discuss with us how beneficial service learning is for students, staff, and
community members.The effectiveness in Service learning includes the general community coming together to help serve a greater purpose. In regards
to college, service learning serves as and experience to gain partnership and collaboration throughout the experience and community.For my service
learning narrative, i chose to volunteer again with Ignite Church at James Monroe Elementary. From 2–4 we worked with a group of 4th graders on
different activities that consisted of critical thinking, imagination, and problem–solving. The purpose of this afternoon was to connect with at least one
of the students ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because I am an Independent student and I provide everything for myself I tend to feel entitled when it comes to certain things within my family.
When I get around these fourth graders and listen to their problems and frustration I realize that my problems are not merely as frustrating than what
they have to go through at the ages of nine and ten. Although I am not majoring in any child development or education, I feel that the lessons I have
learned and the patience that I have been taught from them will help me when I study International business and business management. Both of my
majors are ones where it is important to interact with every type of person regardless of age, gender, and sexuality. Fourth graders are a tough crowd
to please but knowing that I can adapt to any kind of person will give me the confidence I need in my field of

Low-Voltage Current-Tmode Realization of Digital Logic...
Low–Voltage Current–Mode Realization of Digital Logic Gates using CMOS
In this paper a new technique is introduced for implementing the basic logic function by using analog current–mode techniques. By expanding the logic
function in power series expression, and using adder and sub–tractor realization of the basic logic function is simplified. To illustrate the proposed
technique, a CMOS circuit for simultaneous realization of the logic function NOT, AND, OR, NAND and XOR is considered. PSPICE simulation
results, obtained with В±2V supply, are included.
Key Word: Current Mirror; CMOS analog multiplier; Current mode; Translinear principle; Digital logic circuits;
INTRODUCTION
The current–mode implementation of logic gates is a very ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In an attempt to answer this question, the translinear principle (Gilbert, 1990) has been used to realize a digital inverter circuit (Kemp, 1983, 1984) a
bistable element (Seevinck, 1978) and NOT/OR/NAND/XOR functions (M., 2003) . All the realizations of logic gates in current mode reported in
references (Kemp, 1983, 1984; Seevinck, 1978; M., 2003) use bipolar technology.
In this paper, we present such an approach, a low–Voltage CMOS analog digital circuit in current–mode where it works with a supply voltage of
VDD=–VSS=2V. The circuit is based on the four–quadrant CMOS analog multiplier (Ali et al., 2009).
POWER SERIES REPRESENTATION OF LOGIC FUNCTIONS
Using their truth tables, it is easy to show that the input–output relations of the basic digital logic function can be expressed as (Enab and Zaki, 1993):
Z= 1– Ix (1)
for the NOT operation,
Z= Ix*Iy (2)
for the AND operation,

Z= Ix + Iy – Ix*Iy (3)
for the OR operation,
Z= 1– Ix*Iy (4) for the NAND operation, and
Z= Ix + Iy – 2Ix*Iy(5)
for the XOR operation.
In equations

When designing FPAA designer must consider different...
When designing FPAA designer must consider different approaches available and select the one most suitable for the application. There are numerous
issues to be looked in to before choosing the architecture of FPAA since FPAA unlike FPGA is far more sensitive to device mismatch, supply voltage
fluctuation, interference and secondary effects etc. This section describes few important design issues that a designer comes across while attempting to
design FPAA.
Discrete time or Continuous time
Discrete time implementation requires sample and hold circuits composed of transistor switches and capacitors these circuits sample the incoming
voltage by opening and closing the switch that connect and disconnects the input voltage to the capacitors. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reduction in number of switches reduces the flexibility so a trade–off between flexibility and performance must be considered.
Voltage mode or Current mode
Another important question is whether to use voltage mode or current mode approach. A circuit is completely characterised by its node voltages and
branch currents []. If nodal voltages are considered it leads to voltage mode and if branch currents are the main focus it leads to current mode circuits.
The voltage mode technique is well developed numerous programmable analog circuits can be found both in conceptual and commercial platform. The
most widely used analog building block is op–amp which is an integral part of almost every analog circuit. The major advantages of voltage mode
include []:
a.High fan–out
b.Ease of implementation
c.Well researched topic
d.
Apart from these advantages voltage mode circuits are not suitable for high frequency applications and they are no longer able to comply with the with
the scaling of technology and low supply voltage requirements. The main voltage mode building block op–amp suffers from a constant gain bandwidth
product the puts a major restriction on its frequency response as shown in fig [].
The current mode circuits have gained importance in recent years mainly because of these advantages []:
a.Simple circuit
b.Constant bandwidth almost

Essay about ECT122 Wk7 Assignment
Week 7 Homework Assignment
Chapter 7 Circuit Analysis Techniques
15. Derive the Thevenin equivalent of the circuit shown in Figure 7.47a.
Req= (R1+R2)//(R3+R4)= 5.2k//1.5k= 1164 x 10^3= 1.2kв„¦
Rth= Req+R5= 1.2kв„¦+1kв„¦= 2200 x 10^3= 2.2kв„¦
Vth= Vs= 9V
16. Derive the Thevenin equivalent of the circuit shown in Figure 7.47b.
Req= R1+R2= 22+33= 55в„¦
Vth= Vs x R3/Req+R3+R4= 12V x 120в„¦/55+120+51 = 6.37V
Rth= (R1+R2)//(R3+R4)= (22+33)//(120в„¦+51в„¦)= 41.6в„¦
17. Derive the Thevenin equivalent of the circuit shown in Figure 7.48a.
Req= R1//R2 = 1.2k // 1.8k = 720в„¦
Vth= Vs x R3/ Req+3 = 10V x 1kв„¦/720в„¦+1kв„¦ = 5.81V
Rth= Req//R3= 720в„¦//1kв„¦ = 418.6в„¦ = 418.6 =419в„¦
18. Derive the Thevenin equivalent of the circuit shown in Figure 7.48b.
Vth= Vs x R3/R2+R3= 6V ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Vrms= 0.707Vpk= 0.707 x 100V= 70.7V
Ipk= Vpk/RL= 100V/12в„¦= 8.33A
Irms= 0.707Ipk= 0.707 x 8.33A= 5.88A
27. Complete the following table.
Frequency(f) Period(T) Instantaneous Time(t) Phase(0)
__100Hz___ 10ms 2ms _72В°___
120kHz __8.33Вµs__ ____1.38Вµs____ 60В°
_22Hz___ 45ms ______12.5ms______ 100В°
__25Hz__ __40ms_____ 10ms 90В°

a.) f=1/T= 1/10ms= 100Hz
0= (360В°) x t/T= (360В°) x 2ms/10ms= 72В°
b.) T= 1/f= 1/120kHz= 0.00000833 x 10^–6= 8.33Вµs t= T x 0/360В°= 8.33Вµs x 60В°/360В°= 0.00000138 x 10^–6= 1.38Вµs
c.) f= 1/T= 1/45ms= 22Hz t= Tx0/360В°= 45ms x 100В°/360В°= 0.0125 x 10^–3= 12.5ms
d.) f=1/T= 1/40ms= 25Hz
T= 40ms, I figured this by guessing cause I could not find any information on how to calculate. So I used the equation for t and plugged in different
numbers until I got the 10ms that was already given in the table. t= T x 0/360= 40ms x 90/360= 0.01 x 10^–3= 10ms
28. Complete the following table.
Frequency(f) Period(T) Instantaneous Time(t) Phase(0)
__10kHz__ 100ВµS 40Вµs _144В°__
2MHz _500ns___ ___278ns_________ 200В°
__20Hz____ 50ms _____42ms______ 300В°
__133Hz____ __7.5ms____ 1.25ms 60В°
a.) f=

Masters in Electrical Engineering Entry Program Request
Statement of Purpose
The first decade of 21st century will be remembered for the incredible advancement in the electronics. A decade ago there were televisions which
occupied a large table whereas the present day flat screen LCD or LED televisions can be hung to a wall. The desktops are replaced by laptops and
which in turn are replaced most recently by the tablets. This reduction in the size of electronic gadgets with increase in working efficiency over the
years amazed me. Hence naturally, I grew up with a passion towards this field and this passion led me to choose Electronics and Communication
Engineering as my undergrad course. The field of electrical & electronics engineering has always fascinated me. I picked up the rudiments of
electronics field and electrical engineering. My interest started developing in the early stage of my life, when I studied about the invention of
computers, moreover about its large size. The transformation from the large size to small palmtops enticed me to know about the factors that are
responsible for making computers, also the electronic gadgets so small. I was taken aback after seeing a small chip for the first time in my school
days, furthermore when it came to my knowledge that this single chip contains more than 1000 transistors, it really became impossible for me to
believe, "integrated circuits" was the answer I received, but wasn't able to penetrate the fundamentals of it. From then, everyday I come across with
small circuits

Computer Engineering : A New Class Of Power Conscious Cad...
Navjeet Singh / March 15, 1995 / Applying for MS – Computer Engineering – Fall '17, The Bradley Dept. of ECE STATEMENT OF PURPOSE I
could either watch it happen, or be a part of it – Elon Reeve Musk
To meet our growing technological demands – Electronic Chips must be designed to be more powerful and efficient as they shrink. However, is there
a limitation to it? – A naive me pondered 3 years ago. In today's world, Energy efficiency and performance have become the primary focus; an era
where low–power dissipating microelectronic circuits are required for battery–operated applications while maintaining computational throughput. A
multifaceted approach which includes – employing better design techniques and development of a new class of power conscious CAD tools should be
employed with a goal to design low power circuits having an optimum power–area–delay trade–off.
Although my academic parameters and merit–based Prime Minster scholarship indicate strong academic performance, what defines me is my constant
yearning to learn by going beyond the required curriculum through active participation in various technical events and seminar. During my sophomore
year, I was introduced to the field of VLSI design while working in IEEE Electronics and Robotics Special Interest Group through a seminar on the
topic "The Death of Moore's Law will spur innovation", predicting the rise in performance of FPGAs

Using Photovoltaic Pv Or Wind Turbine
Connecting any generator in parallel into the local final circuit with another source however has several implications in terms of electric shock
protection. The most important are the safety to the service's staff, public and the users of the generator. In order to evade the risk of electric shock,
the users mentioned above should be informed of an operational generator (Small Scale Embedded Generator SSEG) through labels, so they can take
their precautions. The main source supply and SSEG must be isolated prior to any electrical work installation/connection. The SSEG should not have
its own earth if connected parallel to another source (British Standard, 2008). The recommended parallel connection with LV distribution systems for a
type... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This type of protection is known to be either a TT or TN systems. The TT System of Earthing is not suitable where a TN–C–S system is available it's
only used in old installation or rural parts of the country where overhead cable supplies are used. The associated earth fault loops with the TT
System of Earthing is that the exposed conductive metalwork causes a fault current to flow through it to earth and return to the source via a general
mass of earth (Figure 1). It is anticipated that the level of fault current will cause the RCD to trip or to blow the fuse in the time indicated in the ETCI
rules. At 230 Volts its 5 seconds for fixed equipment, 0.4 seconds for portable equipment, socket outlets and 0.4 seconds for fixed equipment in
bathrooms. The main disadvantage of the TT system connection of protecting against indirect contact is that the earth fault path resistance could easily
allow a continual earth fault to exist which may well be lethal or causes fire. The TN–C–S system of earthing has the main earth terminal connected to
the supply neutral and the earth electrode. When the load fault to earth occurs it turn into a fault to the incoming neutral and the fault route resistance
is a lot lower than the TT system. A large current will flow which causes the RCD to trip within the specified time (Figure 2). f Question 2 It is
required to comply with

Life Is Adversity
Life is Adversity Everyone faces adversity in some point of their life.Adversity will always make us stronger.Some ways people overcome adversity
are by, Identifying the problem, Facing it and considering all options. One way people overcome adversity is by identifying the problem. An example
of this is from the (article & video) of Captain Sullenberger landing the plane in the Hudson River. The text states that Cpt. Sullenberger said that he
had a couple minutes to think after the geese had hit the plane's engine he had to think what he was going to do and he thought where he was going to
land in about 1 minutes and 30 seconds. This clearly supports the point because Cpt. Sullenberger looks at his surroundings and revised all of his
surroundings before landing the plane or turning the plane around and risking all of those people's lives.An example of how people overcome
adversity is by facing it because Cpt. Sullenberger had to face that he had to land in the Hudson River to get all of the passengers on that
flight.Evidence of this is that in the story in this piece Cpt. Sullenberger overcomes adversity by helping everyone that was in the plane get out safe
and sound.This shows how they overcome adversity because Cpt Sullenberger had to make an ruff and quick decision on where to land.One
Illustration that demonstrates how people face adversity is by considering all options.This proves how people face adversity because Cpt. Sullenberger
had to consider all his

The Incident Of My Mini Experiment
The incident
My opportunity to practice or implement my mini experiment when I was called in to a meeting with the General Manager and several other staff.
The goal was to review a major situation where key components were not in stock. Resulting in the business not being able to function correctly until
resolved. My goal in relation to my mini experiment, was to remain engaged in the meeting and not allow my default routine of mentally withdrawing
and shutting down to take place for as long as possible.
Incident insights
The meeting was heading for a finger pointing session this struck me of the chronically defeated team (Tyson 2010), and how this leads to poor team
performance. This frustrated me as I wanted to contribute in a positive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is holding my breath for a three count, in order to stop my mouth from making comments I regret. Instead allowing my mind to think of solutions
or options to remain actively engaged in the meeting and not withdraw into myself. When the time came I took the opportunity and employed the circuit
breaker.
Experiment outcomes, the good
The impact this had on the tone of the meeting was noticeable. It became apparent to me the General Manager was expecting me to behave the way I
had previously, having my mini meltdown. When it became apparent I was not, and able to progressthe conversation past the usual point he appeared
to be visible thrown by this. I felt he had already planned the exchange in his mind before walking into the meeting. This had an unforeseen side
effect as the General Manager had lost control of the meeting and I was now effectively running it. We were able to address the immediate issue and
form action points to move forward. This is an example of me being able to influence in real time in order to achieve positive goals for myself and
others. Somehow I had managed to remain detached yet engaged (Hughes 2015) resulting in a more productive experience.
Experiment outcomes, the bad
The next steps in the meeting was when I was unsuccessful in delaying my default routine. I relinquished control of proceedings back to the General
Manager. The overriding dynamic of the

The Physics Of A Bicycle
Every year someone seems to claim that they have come up with the world 's first spokeless bicycle. These claims are accurate in that the bicycle
that they have created are indeed spokeless. However, most of these models are deemed unable to be rode and need much more work. That is why
I was hesitant when I heard about a group of Yale engineers and their spokeless bicycle invention. Even though I felt like it would be just like all the
others, I decided to learn a bit more about it and wanted to pass on my finding to the rest of you. A group of Yale students decided that creating a
spokeless bicycle would be a great accomplishment for one of their mechanical design classes. What makes their version of the spokeless bicycle
completely... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Keep your eye open for this spokeless bicycle that will mark the future for bicycles as we know it.
Choosing the right electrical engineering software can be difficult. There are a wide variety of systems to choose from, each with their own
strengths, benefits and unfortunate weaknesses. However, all of the software programs listed below are proven to do one important thing; they get
the job done! Here is a list of the top 10 electrical engineering software programs available: 1. EMI Software: EMI has always been committed to
providing high quality and dependable programs. Recently they have been focusing on developing prediction software for electromagnetic
interference specifically for engineering and designing firms. 2. Electrist: Simply one of the best electronic and electrical engineering calculators
available, Electrist is reliable, accurate and compatible with the widely popular Palm OS. 3. Circuit Magic: This fundamental software package is
used across the world for educational purposes. Though the program covers many circuit calculations it focuses mainly on Kirchhoff 's laws, Node
Voltage and Mesh Current methods. 4. NFPA, NEC: When it comes to electrical engineering software, these two are possibly the best unit conversion
programs available on the market today. 5. LabVIEW: Anyone who is searching for electrical engineering software will more than likely be familiar
with LabVEIW. This essential software program from National Instruments

Electronic Principles At Uxbridge College
Scenario–1
Partner Tech Ltd is one of the leading manufacturers in industrial control applications is starting a project on feedback systems. You are working as a
trainee technician and your manager has asked you to investigate the followings–
P3.2
Design a temperature control circuit using negative feedback. Your circuit should be stable and distortion free. Sensor : thermistor (10Kв„¦ +/–5%)
Power supply : 12v Vin : 0–12v
2.1 Introduction
This task was a part of assignment 2 for students pursuing Unit 39– Electronic Principles at Uxbridge College (UK) which was handed on 24th January
2014 and expected to submit back before 14th February 2014. I was a student at Uxbridge College during this period, hence I worked on this task
during first week of February (Exact dates are Unknown, however submitted it well before deadline)
2.2 Background
2.2.1
This task was designed to introduce me and my fellow students to understand working environment of engineer technician. This task has several parts
involving research, designing, testing and fault finding in a system. I have chosen to elaborate design part which second part of the task. In this task, I
was required to demonstrate my system designing capabilities. I am choosing this part I want to pursue my career as a design engineer and currently
working to design a system for the automobiles where cruise control of a vehicle can communicate with GPS and able to adjust the speed accordingly
(may be steering and breaks up to some

The First Programmable Computer Ever Created
The first programmable computer ever created, ENIAC made in 1946 sparked a promising advancement in technology. Each passing generation brought
a new groundbreaking advancement in computer technology. And with each advancement, the previous generation quickly became obsolete. A
computer made in 1985 would almost certainly be inferior to a computer made the next year. But a computer made in 2010 can still be widely used and
integrated into 2016 computing. This leads me to believe that improvements in computers are slowing down and furthermore, that computer technology
is plateauing.
Arguably the most important creation would be the integrated circuit which allowed cpus and the circuit board to pack more power into a smaller
design. But after this technology was created, there was a noticeable lack of any more groundbreaking advancements. "Each technology generation
alters circuit physics and requires new computer aided design software."(Markov). Markov makes a good point here. He says that for every stone we
pass in technology, circuit physics advances or changes and we must account for it. When this happens, we must also change the means in which we
manufacture, typically with computer–design software. Take for example when the integrated circuit was created, we could not use obsolete
technology in our chips and electronics, Small scale integration (SSI) of the integrated circuit began in 1964, seeing their first use in early aerospace
projects. The next level of

Circuit Board Fabricators Case Summary
Circuit Board Case Study
Circuit Board Fabricators, Inc. is a circuit board manufacturer based in California. They produce circuit boards to large organizations like Apple and
Hewlett–Packard. The large computer companies hire Circuit Board Fabricators, Inc. (CBF) to make to circuit boards for the large companies new
prototypes. CBF implements a large automated process that follows standard codes to produce these circuit boards efficiently and with above
average customer service; however, recently CBF has been experiencing losses. CBF believes that the loss 's the company is facing is due to the
current automated system used. The CBF process engineers designed the plant has the capacity to produce 1,000 circuit boards per day; however, ...
Establish Performance Requirements
In order for CBF to produce high quality circuit boards, the following requirements to establish performance are recommended:
–Extended hours of operation
–Additional Machinery
–Decrease initial inspection time
If the company were to extend production hours to 12 hours a day with an addition of a machine, the production and production cost would increase
but so would the number of produced circuit boards. In addition, if the factory could shorten the initial inspection process time, this would allow for
more boards to be produced and lessen the bottle neck affect the company currently faces.
Process Improvement Opportunities
After a full examination of the case study, the top three process improvement opportunities include:
As examined, the top three process improvement opportunities include:
1. Increase the factory's hours of operations to 12 hour days
2. Increase machinery to reduce human error
3. Create a new initial inspection process to decrease time
Final Recommendation
My current workplace is not in the manufacturing industry. The only improvement that my company does currently implements is increased hours of
operation. This increases the cost of operations; however, creates potential through availability to earn capital. Our company cannot add machinery, but

does use other non–human resources to aid in the decreased risk of human error through programs

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