Paleontologists have found fossils dating back 3.6 billion years. These closely resemble A. small invertebrate animals. B. nothing alive today. C. fungi. D. today’s simplest plants. E. blue-green algae present today. 5 points QUESTION 2 When taxonomists classify organisms using a phylogenetic approach, they are most concerned with A. outgroups. B. cladists. C. ingroups. D. ancestral traits. E. derived traits. 5 points QUESTION 3 In bacteria, the cell wall is composed mainly of A. various polysaccharides. B. peptidoglycans. C. proteins. D. glycoproteins. E. lipids. 5 points QUESTION 4 Which form of bacterial cells is rod shaped? A. cocci B. vibrios C. spirilla D. rhodius E. Bacilli 5 points QUESTION 5 The endosymbiont hypothesis suggests that the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells are descended from captured A. cyanobacteria. B. eukaryotic algae. C. chemoautotrophic bacteria. D. archaebacteria. E. aerobic bacteria. 5 points QUESTION 6 Eukaryotic cells are thought to have A. evolved before prokaryotic cells. B. appeared about 2.1 billion years ago. C. first appeared with tough cell walls. D. first appeared as parts of multicellular organisms. E. developed when mitochondria grew much larger in size that they had been previously. 5 points QUESTION 7 What term is used to indicate a characteristic that is shared and inherited from a common ancestor? A. analogous trait B. homologous trait C. cladistic trait D. outgroups E. derived trait 5 points QUESTION 8 Prions are composed of A. DNA, RNA, and protein. B. protein. C. DNA and protein. D. DNA. E. RNA. 5 points QUESTION 9 Of the following, which kingdom contains the most diversity in terms of DNA sequences? A. All of these are approximately equivalently diverse. B. Protista C. Fungi D. Plantae E. Animalia 5 points QUESTION 10 Atmospheric chemists think that Earth’s first atmosphere A. contained no oxygen atoms. B. consisted of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide. C. was very similar to today’s atmosphere. D. consisted of carbon in the form of carbon monoxide. E. contained nitrogen in the form of ammonia and nitrogen gas. 5 points QUESTION 11 Rickettsias belong to which major group of bacteria? A. Archaea B. cyanobacteria C. spirochetes D. viruses E. Proteobacteria 5 points QUESTION 12 The Cambrian Explosion provided a wealth of fossil remains for scientists to uncover. Many of the animals from this time period had tough skins or shells. This would A. make these animals more desirable to predators. B. be a disadvantage for these organisms and lead to their death and fossil formation. C. allow the animals to move into different environments easily. D. protect the animal from osmotic pressure. E. protect the animal from predators. 5 points QUESTION 13 What is the mai.

1. Paleontologists have found fossils dating back 3.6 billion years.
These closely resemble
A.
small invertebrate animals.
B.
nothing alive today.
C.
fungi.
D.
today’s simplest plants.
E.
blue-green algae present today.
5 points
QUESTION 2
When taxonomists classify organisms using a phylogenetic
approach, they are most concerned with
A.
outgroups.
B.
cladists.
C.
ingroups.
D.
ancestral traits.
E.
derived traits.
5 points
QUESTION 3

2. In bacteria, the cell wall is composed mainly of
A.
various polysaccharides.
B.
peptidoglycans.
C.
proteins.
D.
glycoproteins.
E.
lipids.
5 points
QUESTION 4
Which form of bacterial cells is rod shaped?
A.
cocci
B.
vibrios
C.
spirilla
D.
rhodius
E.
Bacilli
5 points
QUESTION 5
The endosymbiont hypothesis suggests that the mitochondria of

3. eukaryotic cells are descended from captured
A.
cyanobacteria.
B.
eukaryotic algae.
C.
chemoautotrophic bacteria.
D.
archaebacteria.
E.
aerobic bacteria.
5 points
QUESTION 6
Eukaryotic cells are thought to have
A.
evolved before prokaryotic cells.
B.
appeared about 2.1 billion years ago.
C.
first appeared with tough cell walls.
D.
first appeared as parts of multicellular organisms.
E.
developed when mitochondria grew much larger in size that
they had been previously.
5 points
QUESTION 7
What term is used to indicate a characteristic that is shared and
inherited from a common ancestor?

4. A.
analogous trait
B.
homologous trait
C.
cladistic trait
D.
outgroups
E.
derived trait
5 points
QUESTION 8
Prions are composed of
A.
DNA, RNA, and protein.
B.
protein.
C.
DNA and protein.
D.
DNA.
E.
RNA.
5 points

5. QUESTION 9
Of the following, which kingdom contains the most diversity in
terms of DNA sequences?
A.
All of these are approximately equivalently diverse.
B.
Protista
C.
Fungi
D.
Plantae
E.
Animalia
5 points
QUESTION 10
Atmospheric chemists think that Earth’s first atmosphere
A.
contained no oxygen atoms.
B.
consisted of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide.

6. C.
was very similar to today’s atmosphere.
D.
consisted of carbon in the form of carbon monoxide.
E.
contained nitrogen in the form of ammonia and nitrogen gas.
5 points
QUESTION 11
Rickettsias belong to which major group of bacteria?
A.
Archaea
B.
cyanobacteria
C.
spirochetes
D.
viruses
E.
Proteobacteria

7. 5 points
QUESTION 12
The Cambrian Explosion provided a wealth of fossil remains for
scientists to uncover. Many of the animals from this time period
had tough skins or shells. This would
A.
make these animals more desirable to predators.
B.
be a disadvantage for these organisms and lead to their death
and fossil formation.
C.
allow the animals to move into different environments easily.
D.
protect the animal from osmotic pressure.
E.
protect the animal from predators.
5 points
QUESTION 13

8. What is the main difference between protists and bacteria?
A.
Bacteria are always gram-negative, protists are gram-positive
B.
Bacteria have DNA, protists do not.
C.
Protists have a nucleus, bacteria do not
D.
Protists cannot cause infections, bacteria can
E.
Protists are unicellular, bacteria are multicellular.
5 points
QUESTION 14
Most bacteria are
A.
chemoautotrophs.
B.
symbionts.
C.
photoautotrophs.
D.
microbial predators.
E.
heterotrophs.
5 points
QUESTION 15
Oxygen built up in the atmosphere approximately 2 billion years
ago and
A.

9. occurred because aerobic organisms required the oxygen.
B.
destroyed ozone forming more oxygen.
C.
could not have occurred without the oxygen coming from outer
space.
D.
helped to form the ozone layer that is so important to life today.
E.
occurred due to carbon dioxide being split by lightning strikes.
5 points
QUESTION 16
Endospores form
A.
to produce two offspring from every one parental cell.
B.
as a means of genetic recombination.
C.
when the environmental conditions are favorable.
D.
in response to adverse conditions.
E.
during binary fission.
5 points
QUESTION 17
Kelps are a form of what group of protists?
A.
ciliates
B.
dinoflagellates
C.
water molds

10. D.
slime molds
E.
brown algae
5 points
QUESTION 18
All but one of the following are false regarding protists.
Identify the true statement.
A.
Protists do not have the ability to move on their own.
B.
All protists are single-celled organisms.
C.
Protists are prokaryotic.
D.
Most protists are single-celled organisms; some are
multicellular.
E.
Protists have cell walls composed mainly of peptidoglycans.
5 points
QUESTION 19
During which geological era did Pangea break apart?
A.
Archean
B.
Paleozoic
C.
Cenozoic
D.
Mesozoic
E.
Proterozoic

11. 5 points
QUESTION 20
Some bacteria can form resting structures called ___________
that can withstand extremes in temperature, moisture, and
radiation.
A.
endospores
B.
capsids
C.
prions
D.
viroids
E.
symbionts