Question 1 The endosymbiont hypothesis suggests that the mitocho.docx

Question 1
The endosymbiont hypothesis suggests that the mitochondria of
eukaryotic cells are descended from captured
A.
aerobic bacteria.
B.
archaebacteria.
C.
eukaryotic algae.
D.
chemoautotrophic bacteria.
E.
cyanobacteria.
5 points
Question 2
Which form of bacterial cells is rod shaped?
A.
vibrios
B.
spirilla
C.
rhodius
D.
cocci

E.
bacilli
5 points
Question 3
Atmospheric chemists think that Earth’s first atmosphere
A.
contained nitrogen in the form of ammonia and nitrogen gas.
B.
consisted of carbon in the form of carbon monoxide.
C.
contained no oxygen atoms.
D.
consisted of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide.
E.
was very similar to today’s atmosphere.
5 points
Question 4
When taxonomists classify organisms using a phylogenetic
approach, they are most concerned with
A.
cladists.
B.
ancestral traits.
C.
outgroups.
D.
derived traits.

E.
ingroups.
5 points
Question 5
What is the main difference between protists and bacteria?
A.
Protists cannot cause infections, bacteria can
B.
Bacteria have DNA, protists do not.
C.
Protists have a nucleus, bacteria do not
D.
Bacteria are always gram-negative, protists are gram-positive
E.
Protists are unicellular, bacteria are multicellular.
5 points
Question 6
Oxygen built up in the atmosphere approximately 2 billion years
ago and
A.
destroyed ozone forming more oxygen.
B.
helped to form the ozone layer that is so important to life today.
C.
occurred due to carbon dioxide being split by lightning strikes.
D.

could not have occurred without the oxygen coming from outer
space.
E.
occurred because aerobic organisms required the oxygen.
5 points
Question 7
Some bacteria can form resting structures called ___________
that can withstand extremes in temperature, moisture, and
radiation.
A.
endospores
B.
prions
C.
viroids
D.
symbionts
E.
capsids
5 points
Question 8
Most bacteria are
A.
photoautotrophs.
B.
microbial predators.
C.

symbionts.
D.
chemoautotrophs.
E.
heterotrophs.
5 points
Question 9
Rickettsias belong to which major group of bacteria?
A.
proteobacteria
B.
cyanobacteria
C.
spirochetes
D.
viruses
E.
Archaea
5 points
Question 10
The Cambrian Explosion provided a wealth of fossil remains for
scientists to uncover. Many of the animals from this time period
had tough skins or shells. This would
A.
protect the animal from osmotic pressure.
B.
allow the animals to move into different environments easily.

C.
make these animals more desirable to predators.
D.
be a disadvantage for these organisms and lead to their death
and fossil formation.
E.
protect the animal from predators.
5 points
Question 11
Eukaryotic cells are thought to have
A.
evolved before prokaryotic cells.
B.
developed when mitochondria grew much larger in size that
they had been previously.
C.
first appeared as parts of multicellular organisms.
D.
appeared about 2.1 billion years ago.
E.
first appeared with tough cell walls.
5 points
Question 12
During which geological era did Pangea break apart?
A.
Archean

B.
Proterozoic
C.
Mesozoic
D.
Cenozoic
E.
Paleozoic
5 points
Question 13
All but one of the following are false regarding protists.
Identify the true statement.
A.
Protists have cell walls composed mainly of peptidoglycans.
B.
Protists are prokaryotic.
C.
Most protists are single-celled organisms; some are
multicellular.
D.
Protists do not have the ability to move on their own.
E.
All protists are single-celled organisms.
5 points
Question 14
Paleontologists have found fossils dating back 3.6 billion years.
These closely resemble

A.
fungi.
B.
nothing alive today.
C.
blue-green algae present today.
D.
today’s simplest plants.
E.
small invertebrate animals.
5 points
Question 15
Endospores form
A.
when the environmental conditions are favorable.
B.
in response to adverse conditions.
C.
as a means of genetic recombination.
D.
during binary fission.
E.
to produce two offspring from every one parental cell.
5 points
Question 16
Of the following, which kingdom contains the most diversity in
terms of DNA sequences?

A.
All of these are approximately equivalently diverse.
B.
Animalia
C.
Plantae
D.
Fungi
E.
Protista
5 points
Question 17
In bacteria, the cell wall is composed mainly of
A.
lipids.
B.
glycoproteins.
C.
peptidoglycans.
D.
various polysaccharides.
E.
proteins.
5 points
Question 18
What term is used to indicate a characteristic that is shared and

inherited from a common ancestor?
A.
analogous trait
B.
outgroups
C.
cladistic trait
D.
homologous trait
E.
derived trait
5 points
Question 19
Kelps are a form of what group of protists?
A.
brown algae
B.
ciliates
C.
slime molds
D.
water molds
E.
dinoflagellates
5 points
Question 20

Prions are composed of
A.
protein.
B.
DNA, RNA, and protein.
C.
RNA.
D.
DNA.
E.
DNA and protein.
Question 1
eukaryotic cells are descended from
captured
A.
aerobic bacteria.
B.
archaebacteria.
C.

eukaryotic algae.
D.
chemoautotrophic bacteria.
E.
cyanobacteria.
5 points
Question 2
A.
vibrios
B.
spirilla
C.
rhodius

D.
cocci
E.
bacilli
5 points
Question 3
A.
contained nitrogen in the form of ammonia and nitrogen gas.
B.
consisted of carbon in the form of carbon monoxide.
C.
contained no oxygen atoms.
D.

consisted of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide.
E.
was very similar to today’s atmosphere.
5 points
Question 1
eukaryotic cells are descended from
captured
A. aerobic bacteria.
B. archaebacteria.
C. eukaryotic algae.
D. chemoautotrophic bacteria.
E. cyanobacteria.
5 points
Question 2
A. vibrios
B. spirilla
C. rhodius
D. cocci

E. bacilli
5 points
Question 3
A. contained nitrogen in the form of ammonia and nitrogen gas.
B. consisted of carbon in the form of carbon monoxide.
C. contained no oxygen atoms.
D. consisted of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide.
E. was very similar to today’s atmosphere.
5 points
Question 1. 1. According to Caroline Heldman, which of the
following is a question that applies to her sexual object test?
(Points : 1)
Does the image show people having sex?
Does the image show a person as something that can be
bought or sold?
Does the image display a full image of a woman?
Does the image display violence against people in the
image?
Question 2. 2. According to Gilligan, stages five and six of
Kohlberg’s analysis of moral development involve (Points : 1)
an egocentric understanding of fairness
shared conventions of societal agreement
a logic of equality and reciprocity
a disposition of emotional affectivity

Question 3. 3. In Held’s article, a thinker named Annette Baier
claims that the history of Western ethical thought does not take
into account feminine aspects because (Points : 1)
The great moral theorists were men who had little intimate
interaction with women.
The great moral theorists were often loving husbands.
The great moral theorists hated women.
The great moral theorists
Question 4. 4. What, according to Noddings, do male
philosophers tend to say about death (as opposed to women)?
(Points : 1)
Men are more brave in the face of death than women
because of their natural courageousness
Death tends to be harder on men due to their attachments to
the glory of this world
Women are more able to allow their faith in the afterlife
overcome their aversion to death
Male philosophers often talk as though the world or reason
and abstraction is superior to the physical world of the body
Question 5. 5. In Gilligan’s article, the example of Heinz
involves which crime (Points : 1)
theft
murder
arson
racketeering
Question 6. 6. According to Held, the following have been
aligned with femininity in the history of Western thought
(Points : 1)
emotion
weakness

passion
all of the above
Question 7. 7. Gilligan claims that females tend to see
relationships as these (Points : 1)
hierarchies
webs
rules
duties
Question 8. 8. According to Colin Stokes, in this film all the
heroic, wise, and villainous characters are female (Points : 1)
The Little Mermaid
Star Wars
The Wizard of Oz
Les Miserables
Question 9. 9. Held claims that this abstract concept has guided
the development of Western ethics (Points : 1)
The man of reason
The feminist woman
The child of love
The mother of care
Question 10. 10. What does Noddings say about women’s
feelings about the death of the body? (Points : 1)
Women, more than anyone, just want to know that the soul
of their child has gone to heaven
Women know the preciousness of the body because they
create them and care for them
Women are happy not to have to deal with the messiness of
dead bodies

Men tend to be more sensitive to the death of the body
since they are the ones that have to risk their own lives in war
Question 11. 11. In the video “Sexism in the News Media 2012”
some newscasters blame military women for this (Points : 1)
being killed in combat
being raped
not being able to have children
being war heroes
Question 12. 12. In Gilligan’s example, the child named Amy
focuses on this aspect of the Heinz dilemma (Points : 1)
the logical nature of the problem
a utilitarian calculus that weighs the options
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
the relationships involved in the dilemma
Question 13. 13. According to psychiatric studies, which of the
following has been discovered about the relationship between
criminal violence and childhood abuse? (Points : 1)
Criminal violence follows childhood abuse equally in
males and females
Women are more likely to commit criminal violence if the
childhood abuse was at a younger age
When criminal violence follows childhood abuse it is
almost always in males
No correlation has been found at all between criminal
violence and childhood abuse
Question 14. 14. What does Noddings have to say about
essentialism about gender? (Points : 1)
It is the clearly false view that men and women have

essences
It is problematic because it has been associated with
creation and because it has always favored males over females
It wrongly assumes that God could not have made us in
ways that were contrary to our ‘essential nature’
Culture is irrelevant; all of our behaviors are innate
Question 15. 15. This is the name of the female goddess to
which young girls are dedicated and then forced into
prostitution in India (Points : 1)
Vishnu
Krishna
Lakshmi
Yellamma
Question 16. 16. Held uses this example to talk about the
political distinctions that separate men and women in the realms
of the public and the private (Points : 1)
a business man going out for cocktails
a mother nursing her child
a city planner developing a building
a mother homeschooling her children
Question 17. 17. This is the name for prostitutes in India who
have been dedicated to a female goddess (Points : 1)
Hindus
Hiermala
Devadasi
Sangli
Question 18. 18. This is one way that men can contribute to the
destruction of sexual objectification of women (Points : 1)

they can be kind to women
they can tell women that they are attractive
they can stop seeking attention
they can stop evaluating women based on their looks
Question 19. 19. Which answer best describes Noddings’s
statements about how mothers frequently to feel about losing
their children in war? (Points : 1)
Mothers rest assured that the deaths of their children was
fully justified by the good they did in the war
Mothers often allow their desire to demonstrate patriotism
to override their natural opposition to war and the death of their
children
Mothers universally oppose war and the death of children
that it inevitably brings
Mothers are generally more enthusiastic for war than
anyone else because they know it will make the world safer for
future generations
Question 20. 20. What does Nel Noddings say about rates of
violent crime among men and women? (Points : 1)
Men are naturally much more violence prone than women
Women commit nearly as much crime as men do; gender
differences here are illusory
Men can be socialized not to commit crime, as seen in
many eastern societies
There has been no clearly
1. When faced with the complaint that utilitarianism is a
doctrine worthy of pigs, Mill responds that pleasures differ in:
(Points : 1)
purity.

quality.
species.
weight.
Question 2. 2. What is speciesism? (Points : 1)
The view that all animals should be treated equally
regardless of their abilities
The view that endangered species have the right to exist
Allowing the interests of one’s own species to override the
greater interests of members of other species
Protecting endangered species from extinction regardless of
economic costs
Question 3. 3. Most definitions of honor regard it as having the
following two elements: (Points : 1)
Internal and external
Subjective and personal
Constructive and deductive
Military and civilian
None of the above
Question 4. 4. Utilitarianism is a form of what broader kind of
ethical theory? (Points : 1)
deontological
consequentialist
trolly problematic
egoistical
Question 5. 5. Peter Singer’s “basic principles of equality”
applied to animals means: (Points : 1)
Animals should be given all the same rights as human
beings.

Animals are not entitled to not all the same rights but to an
equal consideration of interests.
Animals should not be given the same moral consideration
because they are do not have the same power to reason as
humans.
Animals do not have rights unless they can demonstrate the
same abilities as humans.
Question 6. 6. Tom Regan’s view of animals is that (Points : 1)
They are important but not quite as important as human
beings
They have rights, which means that they should never be
used for human purposes
They may be ethically used because they were bred and
raised for that purpose
That they may be eaten because do not have souls like we
do and are lower on the food chain
Question 7. 7. Kant claims that the moral law is given to each
person by: (Points : 1)
God’s commands.
one’s own rational will.
one’s natural desires.
social conditioning.
Question 8. 8. According to Aristotle, happiness is: (Points : 1)
a contented state of mind.
as much pleasure and as little pain as possible.
feeling good about oneself.
a life that is lived well.
Question 9. 9. Kant claims that a good will is: (Points : 1)

something that can only be called good with qualification.
the only thing that can be called good without
qualification.
that which makes qualified goods like character traits
morally good.
both B and C.
Question 10. 10. In the video “Sexism in the News Media 2012”
some newscasters blame military women for this (Points : 1)
being killed in combat
being raped
not being able to have children
being war heroes
Question 11. 11. Rachels claims that most actual cases of
killing: (Points : 1)
are morally worse than most actual cases of letting die.
are morally the same most actual cases of letting die.
are morally less bad than most actual cases of letting die.
are morally required.
Question 12. 12. If the Ring of Gyges really existed, (Points : 1)
Just people would use it for justice.
Just people would not use it at all.
Unjust people would use it differently than just people.
Everyone would use it the same.
Question 13. 13. Michael Walzer argues that in the unique
world of war, both morality and authority are (Points : 1)
radically contested
established by rules of war
established by neutral states

none of the above
Question 14. 14. What is the point of Regan’s discussion about
Aunt Bea and utilitarianism’s respect for human life? (Points :
1)
Utilitarianism feels that human life is paramount and not
to be sacrificed under any circumstance
Utilitarianism would say that God’s law that “thou shalt
not kill” will have very few exceptions
Utilitarianism says that human life has not much value at
all, a person can be killed for relatively minor reasons, like
stealing their money
Because utilitarianism is aggregative, one individual’s
right to life can be overridden in order to save many other
people’s lives
Question 15. 15. What is Tom Regan’s main criticism of the
contractarian approach to ethical duties? (Points : 1)
It works fine for humans without problems, but it has not
yet been applied to animals
It ignores the importance of pain and suffering when it
comes to ethics
It would allow all kinds of human injustice if a stronger
group is able to oppress the members of a weaker group of
people
He does not criticize it; he things that contractarianism, if
properly understood, represents the most rational approach to
ethical problems
Question 16. 16. Which of the following does not describe how
egg-laying hens are treated in factory farms? (Points : 1)
They are allowed to scratch through dirt and grass looking
for seeds and bugs in the fresh open air.

They are kept in such tight confinement that they cannot
lift their wings
They are starved into a period of ‘forced molting’
They have their beaks painfully seared off
Question 17. 17. According to the videos, in which is it legal to
commit assisted suicide? (Points : 1)
Canada
Mexico
Germany
Switzerland
Question 18. 18. In the video “What Is Just War Theory?”
Michael Walzer argues it is important to read the essays and
memoir literature of soldiers because (Points : 1)
they make the toughest moral decisions on the battlefield
they contain critical material regarding the actual
experience of war
moral arguments about war should ring true to
all of the above
Question 19. 19. Hill claims that a fruitful way to think about
the badness of destroying the environment is: (Points : 1)
To think about what kind of human would choose to
destroy the earth.
To appeal to theories about God and care for the earth.
To examine people’s intuitions about whether it is right to
harm the environment.
To examine the rights that belong to the environment and
act on the basis of those rights.

Question 20. 20. In Hill’s example, what did the wealthy
eccentric man do to his yard after he bought a new house?
(Points : 1)
cut down an avocado tree
covered the yard with asphalt
remodeled the kitchen
1 and 2
Question 21. 21. If Glaukon is correct, then justice (Points : 1)
is valuable in its own right.
is always more beneficial than injustice.
has value only relative to its usefulness to the individual.
has value only relative particular cultures.
Question 22. 22. According to Nagel, to which of the following
groups of people is hostility most appropriately aimed? (Points :
1)
Innocents
Civilians
Combatants
Non-combatants
Question 23. 23. Jeremy Waldron argues that the current use of
drone warfare is unethical because (Points : 1)
it is conducted by unlawful combatants such as CIA
personnel who are not subject to military ethics
it is conducted by individuals who are thousands of miles
removed from targets
it may result in unintended civilian casualties
all of the above
Question 24. 24. Which answer best describes Noddings’s

statements about how mothers frequently to feel about losing
their children in war? (Points : 1)
Mothers rest assured that the deaths of their children was
fully justified by the good they did in the war
Mothers often allow their desire to demonstrate patriotism
to override their natural opposition to war and the death of their
children
Mothers universally oppose war and the death of children
that it inevitably brings
Mothers are generally more enthusiastic for war than
anyone else because they know it will make the world safer for
future generations
Question 25. 25. Midgley analyzes the position that each society
is a separate culture with its own values. This position is known
as (Points : 1)
Moral relativism
Moral isolationism
Moral structuralism
Moral voluntarism
Question 26. 26. Hill refers to the ability to understand oneself,
to face oneself, and to be honest about the kind of creature one
is by this term: (Points : 1)
Self-love
Humility
Self-acceptance
Relational harmony
Question 27. 27. Robinson describes integrity as a virtue that
has the (Points : 1)
Excess such as arrogance and deficiencies such as
weakness of will

Excess such as generosity and deficiencies such as
weakness of will
Excess such as arrogance and deficiencies such as
weakness of pleasure
Excess such as generosity and deficiencies such as
weakness of pleasure
None of the above
Question 28. 28. Robinson suggests that the more closely one
associates with one’s identity with a certain group, the more one
will (Points : 1)
Associate one’s honor with defying the honor of the group
Associate one’s honor with that of the group
Associate one’s honor with that of the enemy group
Associate one’s honor with the honor of prudence
None of the above
Question 29. 29. In 2003, how many people died in Canada,
according to the video “Dying for Care: Quality Palliative and
End of Life Care in Canada”? (Points : 1)
350,000
2.2 million
750,000
226,000
Question 30. 30. If Midgley is correct, moral scepticism (Points
: 1)
Leads to inaction.
Leads to crude opinions.
Leads to immorality.
Rejects all criticism.

Question 31. 31. Glaukon thinks that deep in our hearts we all
believe that (Points : 1)
Injustice is more profitable than justice.
We will have a clearer conscience if we always stick to the
laws of justice.
To be unjust is to be a fool.
Both B and C.
Question 32. 32. In Gilligan’s example, the child named Amy
focuses on this aspect of the Heinz dilemma (Points : 1)
the logical nature of the problem
a utilitarian calculus that weighs the options
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
the relationships involved in the dilemma
Question 33. 33. This is the name of the female goddess to
which young girls are dedicated and then forced into
prostitution in India (Points : 1)
Vishnu
Krishna
Lakshmi
Yellamma
Question 34. 34. According to Midgley, moral isolationism
(Points : 1)
Is a “perverse indulgence of the self-righteous.”
Is based on skeptical diagnosis.
Stems from concerns about hypocrisy.
Justifies immorality.
Question 35. 35. According to Kant, suicide is: (Points : 1)
Moral if and only if one’s life becomes too burdensome.

Moral if and only if it relieves other people’s burdens.
Immoral because it involves treating one’s autonomous will
merely as a means to the relief of suffering.
Immoral because it condemns one to eternal damnation.
Question 36. 36. Tom Regan discusses the concept of indirect
duties. Having only indirect duties towards animals means
(Points : 1)
That we have a duty not to harm animals but only because
of the harm it might do to humans
That we have no duties regarding animals whatsoever
That our duties towards animals are equal to our duties
towards humans
That we actually have greater duties to animals than to
humans
Question 37. 37. Aristotle states that if we ask what the highest
good of human action is: (Points : 1)
there is no agreement about the answer.
most people agree that it is pleasure.
nearly everyone agrees that it is happiness.
there is no objective answer to this question.
Question 38. 38. According to Kant, persons: (Points : 1)
are rational beings.
must always be regarded as an end.
have absolute value.
all of the above.
Question 39. 39. The conventional doctrine is endorsed by:
(Points : 1)
Rachels.

the American Medical Association.
both a and b.
neither a nor b.
Question 40. 40. Jeremy Waldron argues that drone warfare is
neither ethical or effective because it (Points : 1)
threatens a world of death lists and death squads
promotes the growth of terrorism
inhibits the development of counter-terrorism strategies
all of the above
Question 41. 41. According to Robinson, a person who has
integrity is someone who: (Points : 1)
Does what is right, only if it is approved of by others
Does what is right, even when it is disapproved of by
others
Does what is right, only when commanded to do so
Does what is right, unless they are commanded to do
otherwise
None of the above
Question 42. 42. What does Tom Regan say about the
cruelty/kindness approach to animal ethics? (Points : 1)
The best way to explain animal ethics is in terms of our
obligation to be kind and not cruel to animals
It is inadequate because it is possible to do wrong while
being kind, and it is possible to do wrong without being
deliberately cruel
It has no relevance to animal ethics because animals are
cruel to each other
You have to be cruel to be kind, in the right measure

Question 43. 43. According to Rachels, the “conventional
doctrine” maintains that: (Points : 1)
active euthanasia is sometimes permissible, but passive
euthanasia never is.
passive euthanasia is sometimes permissible, but active
euthanasia never is.
both active and passive euthanasia are sometimes
permissible.
neither active nor passive euthanasia are ever permissible.
Question 44. 44. Which of the following does Peter Singer
assert about the principle of equality? (Points : 1)
People should have equal rights because they are factually
equal.
People with higher abilities, it stands to reason, should
have greater rights.
Different groups of humans should have equal rights if
scientific investigation proves that there are no genetic
differences in their abilities.
It is a prescription that we should treat people equally
regardless of their differing abilities.
Question 45. 45. Kass argues that there is an important
difference between withdrawing treatment and active, direct
mercy killing, and this difference lies in the (Points : 1)
primary intention of the doctor.
ultimate outcome of the actions.
Constitution of the United States.
sympathy that we feel for the patient’s suffering.
Question 46. 46. Hill uses this technique in the middle of the
article to examine ideas about the human’s place within nature:
(Points : 1)

He presents specific factual examples that demonstrate
harm to the environment.
He presents a fictional example of a perfect island.
He asks the reader to imagine a specific world that
contained inherent worth.
He creates a dialogue between an environmentalist and
anti-environmentalist.
Question 47. 47. Which of the following does not describe the
ways that chickens and turkeys are treated on factory farms,
according to the video “Meet Your Meat” (Points : 1)
They are raised in their own excrement among corpses of
other birds
Some are so crippled from unnatural growth that they are
unable to move
They are given ample space to roam and to express their
own natural behavior.
They are often beaten with metal rods, which is considered
legal by the industry
Question 48. 48. In the video “What is Just War Theory?”
Michael Walzer states that a core idea of Just War Theory
(Points : 1)
requires us to imagine the rules of war as they would
apply to a peaceful, civil society
requires us to judge the conduct of a war independently of
the character of the war
requires us to imagine that a war is like a bank robbery,
and that the just warrior defending his country has rights the
unjust warrior invading his country does not have
none of the above
Question 49. 49. Aristotle describes each virtue as: (Points : 1)

a maximum.
a minimum
a relative mean.
an absolute mean.
Question 50. 50. Robinson describes magnanimity and integrity
as both primarily concerned with what? (Points : 1)
Honor
Wealth
Courage
Generosity

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