2. Do you like Lego?
Each brick (Lego piece) is a
basic building block of the
truck in the Lego world.
Similarly, cells are the basic
building blocks of living things.
A cell is the basic unit of life.
3. History of Cells
Corks
More than 300 years ago,
a scientist, Robert Hooke,
used a microscope to
observe thin slices of cork
Hooke's microscope
4. He observed that the
cork was made up of
tiny boxes of which he
called 'cells'.
A building block
of cork
5. microscope
Cells of living things can observed using a microscope.
Eye piece
Course focus knob
Magnify the image that
Focuses on the
has been magnified by
image of a specimen
the objective lens
Fine focus knob Objective lens
Focuses and makes Magnify the image
the image of a of a specimen
specimen sharper
Diaphragm
Mirror Control the amount
Reflect the light of light reaching
into the diaphragm the specimen
6. Slide preparation
Slide of human Slide of epithelial
cheeks cells cells of an onion
Inner epidermis cell
Scrape a few cells from the Peel a thin layer of
inner cheek with a clean epidermis from an
toothpick or cotton bud onion bulb
7. Transfer the cells Transfer the thin layer of
onto a slide onion skin onto a glass slide
Put two drops of methylene Add a few drops of
blue (stain) on the cells iodine solution (stain)
8. Cover the specimen with
a cover slip, with the help
of a needle. Ensure that
no bubbles get trapped
beneath the cover slip
Soak up excess solution
with a filter paper
9. Human cheek cells Onion cells under
under the microscope the microscope
How do you know which one is
animal cell and which is plant cell?
What are the things that distinguished
them from each other?
11. It controls all
Nucleus the activities
of the cells
Nucleolus
It contains chromosomes,
which are made of DNA
& protein. Chromosomes
stores information to be
passed on to the next
generation.
12. It keeps food,
water, waste
and other It's the place
substances where all
the chemical
Vacuole activities
happens
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
It controls the movement of
materials into and out of the cells
13. Mitochondria
It produces It produces
energy for proteins that
the cell are either to
be used
within
the cell or
exported out
to other cells
Ribosome
15. It supports
the plants & It has chlorophyll
gives it a (green pigment)
regular shape that traps energy
from the sunlight
Cell wall to make food in
a process called
Vacuole photosynthesis
It's filled Chloroplast
with cell
sap which
contains
sugar and
minerals
16. Comparison
ANIMAL CELLS PLANT CELLS
SIMILARITIES
Have cell membrane,
nucleus and cytoplasm
DIFFERENCES
Smaller Size Bigger
Not fixed Shape Fixed
Smaller Vacuole Larger
No Chloroplast Yes
No Cell wall Yes
Glycogen Food reserve Starch
17. Unicellular Organisms
• Organisms are living things
• There are many kinds of organisms in the nature.
• Organisms can be divided into 2 groups:
Unicellular Multicellular
Organisms Organisms
- Made up of - Made up of more
one cell only than one cell
18. Unicellular Organisms
• Consist only one cell
• Also known as
microorganisms
• Very tiny and can only
be seen under
microscope. Paramecium
• They can carry out all
the life processes such
as movement, digestion
response, respiration,
reproduction and more
Amoeba
20. multicellular Organisms
• Consist of many in
numbers and types of
cells
• Similar to unicellular
organisms, multicellular
organisms carry out all
the processes of life
• Each type of cell has a
different structure and
carries out only specific
functions
23. Cell Organization
Cells Tissues Organs System
Epithelial cell Epithelial tissue Stomach
Small
intestine
Smooth Digestive system
muscle cell
Epithelial tissue
24. Cell
Nerve cells
Blood cells Muscle cells
• There are many types
of cells in our body.
• Each type performs Small
intestine cells
only one specific
function.
25. Dendrites Nerve Cells
Myelin sheath
• It has many
branched endings
Axon to receive
messages in the
form of electrical
signals.
• It also has a long
Cell body
fiber to pass
messages to other
nerve cells
26.
27.
28. Red blood
Cells
• It contains a red pigment
called haemoglobin which
enables it to transport
Top view
oxygen around the body.
- Circular shape • It is circular in shape and
flattened in the middle on
both sides, giving it a
large surface area.
Side view • This allows it to take up
- Biconcave shape oxygen quickly.
29. Red blood
cell Oxygen
from lungs Oxygen
released to
tissue cells
Haemoglobin
molecule
Oxygen bonded with
haemoglobin molecules
30. sperm Cells
It has a long a long tail
which enables it to
swim towards an egg
to fertilize it.
31. Soil Root hair
particles
Cells
Cell wall
It has a long and
Root narrow protrusion
hair which increases its
Nucleus surface area and allows
Vacuole it to absorb water and
mineral quickly.
32. tissues
• Tissue is a group
of similar cells
working together
as a unit.
• There are 4 major
types of basic
tissue in the
human body.
1 cell
33. Four Types of Tissue
Connective tissue Epithelial tissue
Muscle tissue Nervous tissue
34. Types of Tissue
Connective Tissues Epithelial Tissues
• Connects various • Provide smooth lining
sets of tissues between the layers of
• Provide support the tissues
• Example: tendon • Example: lining in the
small intestine
35. Types of Tissue
Muscle Tissues Nervous Tissues
• Causes movement • Responds to stimuli and
by contraction transmits impulses
• Example: heart • Example: brain, spinal
muscle cord
36. ORGANS
• A few different
types of tissues
group together to
form an organ.
• An organ performs
a specific function.
• Organs are more
complex than
tissues.
37. BRAIN
Types of Main
Tissues function(s)
• Nervous • Controls
tissue activities
• Connective of the
tissue body
• Control
thought,
memory
and
emotions
38. heart
Types of Main
Tissues function(s)
• Muscle • Pumps
tissue blood
• Connective around
tissue the body
39. Lungs
Types of Tissues Main function(s)
• Muscle tissue • Enable gaseous exchange to
• Connective take place between the body
tissue and external environment
40. systems
Organ 3 Organ 2
• A group of organs
working together
to perform a
specific function
forms a system.
Organ 1
41. Nervous
system
• Controls the activities
of the body
• Ensures that all parts
of the body work
together smoothly
• Enables the body to
respond to changes
42. circulatory
system Heart
• Transport digested
food, oxygen, carbon
dioxide and other
useful or waste Artery
materials to various
parts of the body. Vein
43. digestive
system Mouth
• Breaks down food
into simpler forms Esophagus
which can be
absorbed into the
bloodstream Liver Stomach
Small
Large
intestine
intestine
Anus
44. skeletal Skull
system
• Supports the body Rib
and gives it shape bone
• Protects organs such
as the heart and the
lungs Back
• Works with the bone
muscles to enable
movement.
Thigh
bone
46. Respiratory Nasal
system Pharynx cavity
• Enables exchange of Nostril
gases between the
Trachea
body and the external Larynx
environment.
Right
lung Left
lung
47. organism
• All systems in the
body working
together to
produce an
independent
organisms.
• They all corporate
with one another
so that the human
body functions a
whole.
