ppt on identification topic in forencic medicine

1. IDENTIFICATION AND PARAMETERS OF
IDENTIFICATION
DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MECICINE
AND TOXICOLOGY
By- Akash Agarwal
Roll- 5

2. Identification
Determination of individuality of a person.
–Complete Identification
–Partial Identification

3. Importance of identification in living
 Usually done by the police to identify criminals.
 Estimation of age of living persons is frequently done for court purposes .
 Also to determine the appropriate charges laid.eg for a minor accused. Or to
determine the sentence to be imposed after verdict.

5. Why identify the dead?
To give information to surviving relatives, statistical and legal
purposes, registration of death, for burial or cremation, discharge
property, claim life insurance, hold inquests, facilitate police
investigations etc.

6. IDENTITY
?

7. Identification of Living
o Handwriting
o Gait
o Speech
o Fingerprints
o Identification Marks like tattoos
and scars

8. Identification Of dead
• Primarycharacteristics- Age,Sex,Stature
• Secondary characteristics- Race,
Religion, Nationality, Hair , Scars ,Tattoos
Marks, Personal effects (pocket contents,
clothes, jewellery, etc).
• Comparative data/ Technique-Dental
patterns , Fingerprints , Superimposition
technique, Anthropometry

9. AGE
Can be determined from teeth, ossification of bones, secondary
sex characteristics and general development in case of children.
Age group:
1. Foetus and young infant: Look at the appearance of ossification
centres in growing cartilage ( complete by 5 years).
2. Child to young adult: Look at fusion of the epiphyses (
secondary ossification centres up to 25 years).
Also note appearance of milk and permanent teeth.
3. Adult > 25 years: Look at wear and tear changes in teeth and
bones.

10. SEX
In normal cases, sex determination is easy from external examination only. but it is
difficult in cases of
(1) hermaphroditism,
(2) concealed sex
(3) advanced decomposition
(4) skeleton.

11. DETERMINATION OF SEX

12. Stature
Stature means the body height or body dimension in the vertical direction.
Determination of stature by long bones

13. RACE
There are three races namely CAUCASIAN, MONGOLIAN and NEGRO
Race can be determined by
• External Features such as complexion,Eyes,Hair.
• By Skelaton:-

15. ANTHROPOMETRY
The first scientific method of criminal identification.
Anthropometry includes: „
• Descriptive data: Color of hair, eyes, complexion, shape of nose, ears and
chin.
• Body measurement: Height, AP diameter of head and trunk, span of
outstretched arms, length of middle finger, left little finger, left forearm
and left foot, length and breadth of right ear, and color of left iris (11 such
measurements).
• Body marks, such as moles, scars and tattoo marks.
• Photographs of front view and right profile of the head are also taken.

16. SCARS
Scars
Surgical, injury, disease
Significance more if lot of scars
Healed bone fractures useful in skeletonized bodies.
Problems
a)Uninfected abrasions, clean cuts do not leave scars.
Some scars fade away.
b) Common surgical scars – appendicectomy
c) Cannot date once scar tissue is formed.

18. FINGERPRINTS
• Study of fingerprints is known as dactylography.
• Identification by this method is absolute without any
chance of error because every individual has different
fingerprint.

19. SUPERIMPOSITION

20. THANK YOU