1.Introduction to Gas chromatography.
2.History of Gas chromatography.
3. Principal of working.
4. Factors affecting gas chromatography.
5. Components of Gas chromatography.
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Gas Chromatography
1.
2. OUTLINES
CHROMATOGRAPHY
HISTORY
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
GAS CHROMATOGRAPH MAIN
COMPONENTS
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF GC
PROCEDURE OF GC
FACTORS AFFECTING GC
3. •Greek word “CHROMA” and “Graphein”.
•Process of separation and analyzation of
complex mixture
4. It works on the basis of rate at which
the types of components flow. As the
mixture of various components enter
the chromatograph we will observe that
the different components of a mixture
move/flow at different rate. This
different rate of flowing is responsible
for the separation of their components.
7. Gas chromatography is separation method.
Gas chromatography is
a chromatographic technique that can be
used to separate volatile organic compounds.
Gas Chromatography consists of two
phases.
Mobile Phase
Stationary phase
8.
9. GAS CHROMATOGRAPH MAIN
COMPONENETS:
Carrier Gas
Injection Port
Column
Oven
Detector
Sample
10.
11. This is the mobile phase and
should be inert gas(he, ar etc)
INJECTION PORT
The injection port consist of rubber
septum through which a syringe
needle is inserted to inject the sample.
12. COLUMN
Column is the most important
component where separation takes place.
OVEN
Oven is also an important
component in which column is fitted.
13. DETECTOR
Detector is to indicate the presence and
measure the amount of component eluted
out from the column.
SAMPLE
The mixture of components which is to
be analyzed.
14. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF
GC
It works on the principle that the organic
compounds are separated due to differences in
their partitioning behavior between Mobile
phase and Stationary phase.
The mobile phase is comprised of inert gas.
The stationary phase consists of packed
column.
15. PROCEDURE OF
SGamCple is injected in column.
Oven heats the system to vaporize
the sample and speed its passage
through the column.
The different components of the
sample will be separated by the column
because each of the components “sticks”
to the liquid coating that on the
column packing differently.
16. When a substance leaves the column, it
is sensed by a detector.
The detector generates the voltage that
is proportional to the amount of the
substance.
Chromatogram
17.
18. Temperature: T he higher the
temperature, the more of the compound is in
the gas phase.
Carrier gas flow: If the carrier gas
flow is high, the molecules do not have a
chance to interact with the stationary phase.
Column length: The longer the
column is the better the separation usually is.
19. Amount of material injected: The
injection of too much sample causes poor
separation.
Conclusion: High temperatures and high
flow rates decrease the retention time, but also
deteriorate the quality of the separation.
20. PRESENTED BY:
ALLAH WARAYO
(12PG41)
NOOR MUHAMMAD
(12PG37)
ABDUL KARIM
(12PG34)
The detector generates a voltage that is
proportional to the amount of the substance. The signal from the detector is then displayed by a chart
recorder and/or fed into a computer.
Modern gas chromatographs are connected to a computer which displays the peaks of all the substances in the
sample. This is called the chromatogram.
It does interact less with the stationary phase, hence the retention time is shorter, but the quality of separation deteriorates.
The trade-off is that the retention time increases proportionally to the column length. There is also a significant broadening of peaks observed, because of increased back diffusion inside the column.
Most detectors are relatively sensitive and do not need a lot of material