9. Ea
t
Ea
t
SpeechSpeech TasteTaste
The tongue moves and pushes a
small bit of food along with
saliva into your esophagus,
which is a food pipe that leads
from your throat to your
stomach.
• The top of your tongue is covered with a layer of
bumps called papillae
• . Papillae help grip food and move it around while
you chew.
• They contain your taste buds, so you can taste
everything.
12. If I couldIf I could SHOWSHOW you ayou a CLEARCLEAR way in which weway in which we
could (potential benefit or their values), you wouldcould (potential benefit or their values), you would
at least want toat least want to LOOKLOOK at it, wouldn't you?at it, wouldn't you?
So if thisSo if this LOOKS GOODLOOKS GOOD to you we can go aheadto you we can go ahead
andand FOCUSFOCUS on how to do it. Can’t we?on how to do it. Can’t we?
13. If I couldIf I could TELLTELL you a way in which we couldyou a way in which we could
(potential benefit or their values), you would at(potential benefit or their values), you would at
least want toleast want to HEARHEAR about it, wouldn't you?about it, wouldn't you?
So if thisSo if this SOUNDS GOODSOUNDS GOOD we can go ahead andwe can go ahead and
DISCUSSDISCUSS how to do it. Can’t we?how to do it. Can’t we?
14. If I could help youIf I could help you GET A HOLD OFGET A HOLD OF aa CONCRETECONCRETE
way in which we could (potential benefit or their values),way in which we could (potential benefit or their values),
you would at least want toyou would at least want to GET A FEELGET A FEEL for itfor it , wouldn't, wouldn't
you?you?
If thisIf this FEELS SOLIDFEELS SOLID to you we can go ahead andto you we can go ahead and
FIRM UPFIRM UP on how to do it. Can’t we?on how to do it. Can’t we?
15. Exercise: Timed pair shareExercise: Timed pair share
1.1. Topic: YOUR CHOICETopic: YOUR CHOICE
2.2. Take 5 minutes to thinkTake 5 minutes to think
3.3. Partner A shares partner B listensPartner A shares partner B listens
4.4. Partner B responds then says” One thing IPartner B responds then says” One thing I
learned listening to you was..”learned listening to you was..”
5.5. Partners switch rolesPartners switch roles
17. Search
Query: “someone smiling”
Caption: “A mother helping her child
take her first step”
When you are happy, you smile
You become happy when someone
you love accomplishes a milestone
Taking one’s first step is a milestone
Parents love their children
18. Need of the hour !
• The need is to reconsider the goals
• Mental Amplification
• Thanks to engineering, we can travel faster and
farther than our muscles can take us, see things we
can’t otherwise see, talk louder than our lungs can
shout.
19. Expert Systems
• So why do the “expert” systems have this problem?
• Because they don’t have common sense
• The expert systems only know equations and
variables.
21. What is this “Knowledge”?
• Millions of facts, rules of thumb etc.
• Represented as sentences in some language.
• If the language is Logic, then computers can do
deductive reasoning automatically.
• This representation of a set of concepts within a
domain and the relationships between those
concepts is called Ontology
• The sentences are expressed in formal logic
notation.
• The words and the logic sentences about them are
called Formal Ontology
22. Drawbacks
• There is no single Ontology that works in all cases.
• Adding knowledge is a very tedious process.
25. CommonSenseEconomics.com 25
Marginal Decision Examples…Marginal Decision Examples…
How much do you clean
your house or room?
◦ Do you clean until 100% of
the dirt and clutter has
been removed when its just
you and no company is
expected?
26. 26
Secondary Effects or Long RangeSecondary Effects or Long Range
ConsequencesConsequences
A person
“…must trace not merely the immediate
results but the results in the long run, not
merely the primary consequences but the
secondary consequences, and not merely
the effects on some special group but the
effects on everyone.”
- Henry Hazlitt [1979]
Economics in One Lesson
27. What Is Organizational Behaviour?What Is Organizational Behaviour?
1. What is organizational behaviour?
2. Isn’t organizational behaviour common
sense? Or just like psychology?
3. How does knowing about organizational
behaviour make work and life more
understandable?
33. References
1. Marvin Minsky, Why People Think Computers Can’t, AI
Magazine, vol. 3 no. 4, Fall 1982.
2. Douglas B Lenat, Keynote address: computers vs common
sense, Proceedings of the 1991 ACM SIGMOD international
conference on Management of data, April 1991.
3. Douglas B Lenat, R V Guha, Karen Pittman, Dexter Pratt and
Mary Shepherd, Cyc: toward programs with common sense,
Communications of the ACM, 1990.
4. Douglas B Lenat, George Miller and Toshio Yokoi, CYC,
WordNet, and EDR: critiques and responses,
Communications of the ACM, 1995.
5. Talk by Douglas Lenat, Google techtalks, May 2006
