Passive voice presentation

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PASSIVE
VOICE

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ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
John wrote the report.
The report was written by John.

3. ACTIVE
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ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
John wrote the report.
The report was written by John.

4. ACTIVE
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ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
John wrote the report.
The report was written by John.
PASSIVE

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ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
John wrote the report.

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WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OF A SENTENCE?
John wrote the report.
SUBJECT

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WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OF A SENTENCE?
John wrote the report.
SUBJECT
the performer
someone or something
that performs
the activity expressed
by the verb

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WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OF A SENTENCE?
John wrote the report.
VERB

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WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OF A SENTENCE?
John wrote the report.
VERB
the activity

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WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OF A SENTENCE?
John wrote the report.
VERB OBJECT

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WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OF A SENTENCE?
John wrote the report.
VERB OBJECT
the experiencer
someone or something that
undergoes or experiences
the activity expressed
by the verb

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WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OF A SENTENCE?
John wrote the report.
SUBJECT VERB VERB OBJECT
the performer
someone or something
that performs
the activity expressed
by the verb
the activity the experiencer
someone or something that
undergoes or experiences
the activity expressed
by the verb

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FIND SUBJECTS, OBJECTS AND VERBS:
(1) This factory produces 2000 items a day.
(2) I've already eaten lunch.
(3) They will have to clean all the mess.
(4) We arrived late to the party.
(5) She told me this in secret.

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TRANSITIVE & INTRANSITIVE VERBS
It's important to know what an object is
because only verbs with objects have passive
forms.
Most verbs in English have objects.
We call them transitive verbs.

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TRANSITIVE & INTRANSITIVE VERBS
Some verbs in English DO NOT have objects
– we call them intransitive verbs.
→ We arrived late to the party.
→ I haven't been sleeping well.
→ He walks to work every day.

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TRANSITIVE & INTRANSITIVE VERBS
Intransitive verbs DO NOT
form passive sentences.

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TRANSITIVE & INTRANSITIVE VERBS
How do you know if a verb has an object?
Ask a “what?” or “whom?” question like
in the example:
I'm reading --- what?--- a book.
I see --- whom?--- some people in the street.
We arrived---what? whom?--- X NOT POSSIBLE!

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TRANSITIVE & INTRANSITIVE VERBS
Some verbs can be transitive or intransitive
depending on the sentence:
I walked --- what?--- my dog.
He's walking--- what? --- X NOT POSSIBLE!

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TRANSITIVE & INTRANSITIVE VERBS
Some verbs have two objects:
She bought her sister a nice gift.
INDIRECT
OBJECT
DIRECT
OBJECT
answers the question:
whom? what?
answers the question:
to whom? for whom?
for what?

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TRANSITIVE & INTRANSITIVE VERBS
The indirect object often appears with to / for:
She bougth a nice gift for her sister.
DIRECT
OBJECT
INDIRECT
OBJECT

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TRANSITIVE & INTRANSITIVE VERBS
The indirect object often appears with to / for:
She bougth a nice gift for her sister.
DIRECT
OBJECT
INDIRECT
OBJECT

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TRANSITIVE & INTRANSITIVE VERBS
The indirect object often appears with to / for:
She bougth a nice gift for her sister.
Verbs like this can form different passive
sentences – one for each of the objects.
DIRECT
OBJECT
INDIRECT
OBJECT

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PASSIVE SENTENCES
John wrote the report.
The report was written by John.

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WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OF A SENTENCE?
John wrote the report.
The report was written by John.

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WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OF A SENTENCE?
John wrote the report.
SUBJECT VERB VERB OBJECT
The report was written by John.

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PASSIVE SENTENCES
The report was written by John.
SUBJECT
VERB PERFORMER
In passive sentences the object of the verb
is the subject of the sentence.
VERB OBJECT
=

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PASSIVE SENTENCES
The report was written by John.
SUBJECT VERB PERFORMER
the performer
someone or something
that performs
the activity expressed
by the verb
the activity
expressed in passive
the experiencer
someone or something that
undergoes or experiences
the activity expressed
by the verb

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WHEN DO WE USE PASSIVE?
We use passive when the performer
of the action is:
→ unknown
→ unimportant
→ obvious from the context
Her car was stolen.

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WHEN DO WE USE PASSIVE?
When the action is the focus, especially in:
→ news reports
→ formal notices
→ instructions
→ when describing a process
The conference will be held on the 6th
.

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WHEN DO WE USE PASSIVE?
When we focus on the experiencer:
I was robbed!
Wine is made there.
She was never given flowers before.

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HOW DO WE FORM PASSIVE?
BE
inflected
in the right tense
VERB
in third form
(PAST PARICIPLE)
+
The report was written by John.

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HOW DO WE FORM PASSIVE?
*
*

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HOW DO WE FORM PASSIVE?
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