2. MOTIVATION
●The social psychological factor of
motivation has been proven to account
for differential success in second
language learning.
●Individuals who are motivated tend to
learn the second language faster than
those who are not.
3. GENDER
● MALES
- The most-metacognitive &
compensation
- The least affective
● FEMALES
- The most-metacognitive & social
- The least-memory
4. AGE
● Primary school students
- METACOGNITIVE
● Secondary school students
- COGNITIVE
● Advanced learners
- METACOGNITIVE
● Learners over 30 years old
- METACOGNITIVE
6. PERSONALITY
● Learner's emotional states have a
powerful influence on their behaviour and
performance in the classroom.
● We all have different and unique
personalities and each personality trait
can affect our second language learning in
different ways.
7. LEVEL OF PROFICIENCY
● High proficient learners use greater and
wider variaty of LLSs
● Chamot and Küpper (1989) found that
learners at the higher levels reported
using more strategies than did the
beginners.
