this ppt is prepared by Nazir Fahim (Afghanistan)

1. iscrimination in
Employment
By: Nazir Fahim
“Afghanistan”

2. What is discrimination?
 According to neoclassical economics: it is different treatment of two equally
qualified individuals on account of the following factors.
1. Race
2. Gender
3. Religion national origin
4. Physical or mental disabilities
5. Age and sexual orientation

3. Race discrimination
 Race discrimination involves treating someone (an
applicant or employee) unfavourably because he/she is of
a certain race or because of personal characteristics
associated with race (such as hair texture, skin colour, or
certain facial features).

4. Gender discrimination
 Considering the employees based on their gender, in some
organizations the employers are treating the employees
not equally they may favour for some particular type of
employees like male or female, which is not ethically
good.

5. National Origin Discrimination
 National origin discrimination involves treating people
(applicants or employees) unfavourably because they are
from a particular country or part of the world, because of
ethnicity or accent, or because they appear to be of a
certain ethnic background (even if they are not)

6. Physical or mental disabilities discrimination
 Disability discrimination also occurs when a covered
employer or other entity treats an applicant or employee
less favourably because she has a history of a disability
(such as cancer that is controlled or in remission) or
because she is believed to have a physical or mental
impairment that is not transitory (lasting or expected to
last six months or less) and minor (even if she does not
have such an impairment)

7. Age discrimination
 Age discrimination involves treating someone (an applicant or employee) less
favourably because of his or her age.
 Discrimination can occur when the victim and the person who inflicted the
discrimination are both over 40.

8. Discrimination hurts

9. Whistle Blowing
 Whistle blowing refers to any time that a member of an organization (or a
former member) tells someone else about an illegal or immoral practice, if
the telling is done in the hope that someone will do something to change the
practice. In the great majority of cases, employees tell someone within the
organization and don’t want to cause any bad publicity for the organization—
this is sometimes called internal whistle blowing, though we prefer to call
this internal reporting.

10. Advantages of Whistle Blowing
 Public safety
One of the principle reasons to blow the whistle on illegal or unethical
activities is to protect the public, colleagues or others from risk.
 Moral responsibility
Blowing the whistle out of a sense of moral obligation is generally
regarded as the best reason to do so.

11. Disadvantages of Whistle Blowing
 Retaliation
One of the primary disadvantages of blowing the whistle is the
potential retaliation you face from management and colleagues.
 Conflicts of Interest
For many potential whistle-blowers, the conflict of interest between
serving one's company, co-workers and friends and protecting the public is
very real and challenging.

12.  Increased shareholders confidence.
 Enhances corporate social responsibility.
 Protects everyone’s interest.
 Exposure to risk reduced.
 Prevents injuries and ensuring legal action.
How companies benefit form
Whistleblowing?

13. Unjust dismissal
 unfair dismissal is an act of employment termination made without good
reason or contrary to the country's specific legislation.

14. Continue
 Dismissals are classed as 'automatically unfair' if the
reason for dismissal is connected with an employee
exercising specific rights relating to:
 pregnancy: including all reasons relating to maternity
 family reasons: including parental leave, paternity leave (birth and
adoption), adoption leave or time off for dependants
 representation: including acting as an employee representative

15. Unjust dismissal

16. Thank you