The document discusses poppy (Papaver somniferum), including its nomenclature, origin and history, botany and morphology, medicinal uses, production technology, and pest and disease management. It notes that poppy cultivation began around 3,400 BC in Mesopotamia and spread along the Silk Road. Today it is cultivated primarily in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan and along the Pakistan-Afghanistan border. When grown using recommended practices, poppy can yield 400-500 kg/ha of seeds and 400-500 kg/ha of crude latex, with a net profit of around 77,500 rupees per hectare.

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POPPY.
PRESENTED BY:
Adnan Ashraf Niazi
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY
POPPY.
Papaver somniferum.
College of Agriculture, Uos
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2. POPPY.
Contents:
 Nomenclature
 Origin & History
 Botany And Morphology
 Medicinal Uses
 Distribution
 Production Technology
 Bibliography
 Acknowledgment
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3. POPPY.
Nomenclature:
 Common Name:
Cannabis
Coca
Poppy
Ahiphenam
 Family:
 Papavaraceae
 Botanical Name :
 Papaver somniferum
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4. POPPY.
Origin & History:
 The earliest reference to opium growth and use is in
3,400 B.C, when poppy was cultivated in lower
Mesopotamia
 The Sumerians soon passed it on to the Egyptians.
 As people learned of the power of opium, its demand
increased
 Its cultivation spread along the silk road, from the
Mediterranean region through Asia and finally to China
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5. POPPY.
Poppy Cultivation in Pakistan:
 Poppy cultivation in Pakistan is estimated to be 1,956
hectares yielding a potential production of 4 metric tons
of heroin.
 Opium is cultivated primarily in the KPK and Pakistan-
Afghanistan border.
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6. POPPY.
Botany & Morphology of Poppy:
 Poppy is a small, erect, scarcely branched herb attaining
a height of 125 cm with large, serrated leaves &
attractive brightly colored red or pink flowers.
 The main shoot & branches terminate into large, oblong
to globosely capsules, filled with small, white flat seeds
 The seeds are small kidney shaped, whitish yellow or
grey brown & rich in oil.
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7. POPPY.
Botany & Morphology of Poppy:
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Medicinal Uses:
 Opium (and the majority of its derivatives, with the
exception of heroin) is used for its medical benefit but
have a potential for abuse.
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9. POPPY.
Medicinal Uses:
 The opium is used to kill pains of serious nature.
 It is also used as cough depressant in chronic cases of
asthma
 It was also used to induce sleep and to give relief to the
bowels problems
 Opium is even thought to protect the user from being
poisoned
 Its also have pleasurable effects
 Opium has many derivatives, including morphine,
codeine, oxycodone, and heroin.
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10. POPPY.
Other Uses:
 Poppies for the Garden
 Poppy flowers come in a variety of colors and are prized
for the beauty they bring to the landscape
 Poppy Seeds for Cooking
 Poppy seeds for use in cooking can be purchased at local
markets
 Poppies as Food
 The poppy is also the source of poppy seeds which are
greatly prized as a food source.
 Items such as poppy seed bagels and lemon poppy seed
cake are of delicious flavors.
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11. POPPY.
Climate:
 Opium poppy is a natural temperate plant
 But it is fully adapted to subtropical winter climate
 In general, the crop needs long cold season(20 C) with
adequate sunshine in early season for healthy vegetative
growth
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12. POPPY.
Climate:
 Heavy rain after sowing cause loss in seed germination.
 Warm, dry weather with temperature of 30-35C is
required for reproductive growth.
 Cloudy weather ,frost, hailstorm and gusty wind cause
damage to the crop.
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13. POPPY.
Soil:
 Opium require deep clay loam, highly fertile and well-
drained soil with pH range for 6-7.5
 Soils containing high organic matter and water retention
capacity are preferred
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14. POPPY.
Production Technology:
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POPPY.
Land preparations & Time of sowing:
 Poppy seeds should be
sown in well prepared
soil.
 The field should be
given 5-6 cross
ploughings followed by
planking
 It is grown as a winter
(Rabi) crop from 15
November to 25th
November
1)Land Preparation: 2)Time of Sowing:
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POPPY.
Seed rate & method of Sowing:
 Seeds are sown by:
I. Broadcasting
II. Drilling in lines (30 cm
R*R distance)
 After sowing seeds are
covered by a thin layer
of soil followed by a
light irrigation
 8 kg/ha—broadcast
 4-5 kg/ha—drill
 Treating 1kg of seed
with 4-5g of Brassicol
protect the seed against
soil-borne diseases.
1)Method of Sowing: 2)Seed Rate & Treatment:
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POPPY.
Irrigation & Manuring:
 Poppy requires frequent
irrigation (6-10) at the
intervals of 20-25 days
depending upon the
soil-moisture.
 1st irrigation is given
immediately after
sowing.
 Basal dose of 10-20 tons
of FYM along with 60
kg/ha N as (DAP) or
(CAN) and 45-60 kg/ha
of P & K
1)Irrigation: 2)Manuring:
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18. POPPY.
Sprinkler Irrigation in Poppy:
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POPPY.
Interculture & Flowering:
 1st weeding is done
when the plant are 5-
6cm high, with 3-4
leaves after 3-4 weeks of
sowing
 2-3 weeding before
flowering
 About 90-100 DAS
flowering take place
when the plant are 3-4
feet high
 After 3 days the petals
fall off & after other 10-
14 days the capsules are
ready for lancing.
1)Weeding: 2)Flowering:
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Mechanical Hoeing in Poppy:
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Poppy Field at Flowering Stage:
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POPPY.
Harvesting:
 The skin of ripening
pods is scored by a
sharp blade usually in
the afternoon
 Tool used to make the
incisions is called
a nushtar or "nishtar“
 Incisions are made 3-4
times at intervals of 2-3
days
 Exudation of white,
milky latex after lancing
which dry to a sticky
brown resin
 Latex is collected in next
morning through
scratching
1)Lancing: 2)Latex Collection:
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POPPY.
Harvesting:
1)Lancing: 2)Latex Collection:
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Yield & Economics:
 The current MQY (the minimum qualifying yield) is 44 -
52 kg/ha of crude latex
 400-500 kg/ha of seeds
Total cost of cultivation Rs. 39,500 /ha.
Total Income Rs. 1,17,000 /ha.
Net income/profit** Rs. 77,500 /ha. in six months.
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25. POPPY.
Insect Pest:
 Cut worm(Agrotis suffusa):
 Remain buried in soil during day & at night and eat
leaves and stem
 Apply 2% Carbaryl
 Weevil(Stenocarus fuliginosus):
 Attack young seedlings & leaves
 Apply 35 E.C Metasystox
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26. POPPY.
Diseases:
 Downy mildew(Peranospora polygoni):
Apply 0.4% solution of Dithane 40 E.C
 Powdery mildew(Erysiphe polygoni):
Apply 0.1% Sulfex or Dithane 40 E.C
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