immunology slides

1. Pathology
Presentation: Immunology
Group Members:
Aliza Riaz 3
Aqsa Zafar
Asma Javed

2. COMPONENTS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM
1. Organs
2. Cells
3. Molecules

3. ORGANS
 Tonsils and adenoids
 Thymus
 Lymph nodes
 Spleen
 Payer’s patches
 Appendix
 Lymphatic vessels
 Bone marrow

5. CELLS
 LYMPHOCYTES
 T-lymphocytes
 B-Lymphocytes, plasma cells
 Natural killer lymphocytes
 MONOCYTES, Macrophage
 GRANULOCYTES
 Neutrophils
 Eosinophils
 Basophils

6. 1-B-Lymphocytes
 Are responsible for humoral(antibody mediated) immunity.
 They are produced and matured in bone marrow.
 They are preprocessed in liver during mid fetal life and in bone marrow in
late fetal life and after birth.
 In birds they are processed in Bursae of Fabricius, hence so named.
 They are much less mobile than T cells and spend much of their time in the
lymphoid tissue like spleen and lymph nodes.

7. 2. T-lymphocytes
 are in majority
 are responsible for cell mediated immunity (specific defense).
 They are formed in bone marrow but Final processing of T cells occurs in
Thymus gland.
 A hormone thymosin is produced by thymus gland and promotes maturation of
T cells.
 Mature T cells is programmed to recognize only one type of antigen. (highly
specific)
 A mature T cell that recognizes chicken pox virus will not react with measles
virus or a cancer cell.
 T cells are highly mobile cells.

8. 3-Natural Killer cells (NK cells)
 involved in immunological surveillance.
 Considered as the third type of lymphocyte, it is often called the non-T, non-
B cell.
 It is derived from bone marrow.
 NK cell is said to be the first line of defense in specific immunity,
particularly against viruses.
 It is not a phagocytic cell but its granules contain hydrolytic enzymes such as
perforins and granzymes. These hydrolytic enzymes play an important role in
the lysis of cells of invading organisms.

9. Monocytes
 Monocytes are a type of white blood cell. They are produced in the bone
marrow and then enter the bloodstream. They fight certain infections and
help other white blood cells remove dead or damaged cells and fight cancer
cells.

10. Granolocytes
Neutrophils:
Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell. They make up the biggest number of
all kinds of white blood cells. They kill and digest bacteria and fungi to help your
body fight infections and heal wounds.
Eosinophils:
Eosinophils are a type of disease-fighting white blood cell. This condition most
often indicates a parasitic infection, an allergic reaction or cancer. You can have
high levels of eosinophils in your blood (blood eosinophilia) or in tissues at the
site of an infection or inflammation (tissue eosinophilia).
Basophils:
Basophils are one of the several kinds of white blood cells you have in your
body. These blood cells make up less than 1% of all of your circulating white
blood cells and are the least abundant in all mammals. Basophils are a part of
your immune system and are created inside of your bone marrow.