الاحتيال في عقود التأمين

1. ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻘﻮﺑﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺭ‬‫ﺑﻦ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺻﺮ‬
‫ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺩ‬/‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ﺑﻦ‬‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪﻱ‬
‫رﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬‫درﺟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ً‫ﻻ‬‫اﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬‫اﻟﺠﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺟﺴﺘﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‬
١٤٣١‫ﻫـ‬-٢٠١٠‫ﻡ‬
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4. )‫أ‬(
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴ‬‫ــ‬‫ﻡ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺹ‬:‫ﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻭﻋﻘﻭﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬:‫ﺒﺩﺭ‬‫ﺒﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻑ‬:‫ﺩ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻤﺜل‬:‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﻋﻘـﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬
‫؟‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬١٤٢٦/١٤٣٠‫ﻫـ‬.
‫ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬:‫ﻟﺠﻤـﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺼـﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴـﺘﻘﺭﺍﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜـﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘـﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤـﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴـل‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗﻭﺍل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴـﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻴﺎ‬‫ﻋـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌـﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘـﻭﺩ‬
١٤٢٦/١٤٣٠‫ﺴﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﺩﻫﺎ‬ ،‫ﻫـ‬‫ﻗﻀﺎﻴﺎ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬:
١–‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬:‫ﻜـل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺨﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻁﻨﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ‬،‫ﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬‫ﻏﻴـﺭ‬ ‫ﻤـﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻜـﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﺤﻕ‬.
٢-‫ﺍﻟـﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺯﻴﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬.
٣-‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻭﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺭﺝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺼﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺭﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻔﺘﻪ‬.
٤-‫ﺍﻟـﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻔﻠـﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹸﻌﺩ‬‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺼﻴﺎﻨﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻤﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬.
٥-‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺩﻴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ‬‫ﺒﻬـﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺭﻤﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻟـﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻘﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺤﺘﻴـﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻴﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺼـﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺭﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺠﺴﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻑ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬:
١-‫ﺠـﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﻜﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺩﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬.
٢-‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺫﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺜﻘﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻤﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬.
٣-‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺒﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﻜـﺸﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬.
٤-‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤ‬ ‫ﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺔ‬‫إﺳ‬ ‫ﻖ‬‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫واﻟﮭﺎدﻓ‬ ‫ﺤﺔ‬‫اﻟﻮاﺿ‬ ‫ﺮاءات‬‫واﻹﺟ‬ ‫ﺴﯿﺎﺳﺎت‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺻﯿﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬
‫وﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ّ‫ﺪ‬‫واﻟﺤ‬ ‫وﻗﯿﺎﺳﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﯿﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﺈﺟﺮاءات‬ ،‫اﻻﺣﺘﯿﺎل‬.
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6. )‫ج‬(
‫إھــــــــــــــﺪاء‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬.....‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻤﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺩﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﻔﻭﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
...‫ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬....
‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬.
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺸﺫﺍﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺘﻨﺸﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺯﺍل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬...
‫ﺼﺎﺤﺒ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻁﺎﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺔ‬...
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬.
‫ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻭﻨــﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺨﻼﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﺩﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺤﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻁﻔﻭﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻜﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻹﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻲ‬...
‫ﻭﺃﺨﻭﺍﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﺨﻭﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻠﻎ‬....
‫ﺯﻭﺠﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬.
‫ﺯﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻲ‬...‫ﺴﻌﺎﺩﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬...
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺘﻌﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻓﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻭﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺩﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫آﻓﺎق‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺪي‬ ‫أﺧﺬوا‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀل‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬-‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬-‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬....
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬)‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬(‫ﺃﺠﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤل‬
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7. )‫د‬(
‫واﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾـﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜــﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻨﺒﻴﻨـﺎ‬ ‫ﺴـﻴﺩﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴـﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺒﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺃﺠﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬...‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩ‬.
‫ﺍﻻﻤﺘﻨـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻅـﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺠﺯﻴل‬ ‫ﺃﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺭﻓﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻴﺩﻱ‬‫ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺭ‬/‫ﺳﻌﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺁﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻳﻒ‬‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺌﺏ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺯﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬‫ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠـﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬.‫ﻭﺴـﻴﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬/‫ﺳـﻌﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺁﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻤﺪ‬‫ﻭﺴـﻴﺩﻱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺌﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬/‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬‫ﺳﻌﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺁﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺅﻭﻥ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﺎﻟﺹ‬ ‫ﺃﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬/‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻣـﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺻـﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬
‫ﻫـﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻋﺎﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺡ‬)‫ﺠﺎ‬‫ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺔ‬.(
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜﺭ‬/‫ﺍﻟـﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﺑـﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ‬‫ﻜﻠﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨﺹ‬‫ﺩ‬/‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪﻱ‬‫ﺸﺠﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ،
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺠﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ،‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻟﺘﻭﺠﻬﺎﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻜـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺘﻪ‬.
‫ﻗـﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺴـﺎﺘﺫﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﺘﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﺎﻟﺹ‬ ‫ﺃﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻌﺩﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬.
‫ﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜﺭ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻔـﻀﻠﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺎﻀل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺘﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺼﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﻐﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺜﺭﺍﺌﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺸﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻭﺘﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬/‫ﺍﻟـﺪﺧﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠـﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ‬
،‫ﺍﻷﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬‫ﻭﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬‫ﺩ‬/‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺗﺬﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻻﺌﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﺨﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺩﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬.
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8. )‫ه‬(
‫ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿـﺔ‬ ‫ﻐﺔ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫اﻷﺟﻨﺒﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬‫ﺏ‬
‫إھــــــــــــــــﺪاء‬‫ﺝ‬
‫واﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾــﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﺮ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬‫ﻫـ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬:‫ﻭﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬١-٣٠
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬:‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬٢
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬٤
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜﺎﻟﺜ‬:‫ﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬٧
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺒﻌ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬٧
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺨﺎﻤﺴ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬٨
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴﺎﺩﺴ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬٩
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴﺎﺒﻌ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ‬١٠
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜﺎﻤﻨ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬١٣
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺎﺴﻌ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬١٣-٣٠
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻝ‬٣١-٩٢
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬:‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻝ‬٣٣
-‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬٣٣
-‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ‬٣٨
-‫ﺨ‬‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬٥٥
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺩ‬٥٩
-‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬٥٩
-‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺄﺓ‬٦٣
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9. )‫و‬(
‫ﺘﺎﺒﻊ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
-‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬٦٥
-‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬٦٩
-‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻜﻡ‬٧٠
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬:‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬٧٩
-‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬٧٩
-‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬٧٩
-‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬٨٠
-‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬٨٤
-‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬٨٨
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ‬
٩٣-١٢٠
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬:‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬٩٤
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬:‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ‬٩٦
)‫ﺃ‬(‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴل‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ‬٩٦
)‫ﺏ‬(‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴل‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬٩٦
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬:‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ‬١٠٠
-‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺯﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬١٠٠
-‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺯﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺔ‬١٠١
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ‬١٠٥
-‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ‬١٠٦
-‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺘﻜﺎﺏ‬‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬١١٠
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬:‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﳉﺮﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻱ‬
١١٤
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10. )‫ز‬(
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴــﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ‬‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﱰﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ،‫ﺄﻣﲔ‬
١٤٢٦/١٤٣٠‫ﻫـ‬
١٢١-١٣٤
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‬١٢٢
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‬١٢٤
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‬١٢٦
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‬١٣٠
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‬١٣٢
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ‬١٣٣
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬:‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬١٣٥-١٤٤
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬:‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻨﺘـﺎﺌـﺞ‬١٣٦
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴ‬:‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬١٤٣
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬١٤٥-١٥٧
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬١٤٦
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴ‬:‫ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬١٥٧
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11. -١-
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬
ً
:‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ــــ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴـــﺎ‬
ً
:‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ــﺔ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜـــﺎ‬
ً
:‫ﺗﺴ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﺅﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌــﺎ‬
ً
:‫ﺃﻫـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺔ‬ ‫ﺪﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬
ً
:‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ــﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ‬
ً
:‫ﺣـــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌـﺎ‬
ً
:‫ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ‬‫ﻭﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻣﻨــﺎ‬
ً
:‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬـــﺞ‬‫ﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺳﻌـﺎ‬
ً
:‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬
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12. -٢-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬
ً
:‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤـﻭﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻅـل‬ ‫ﻭﻓـﻲ‬ ،‫ﻨـﺸﻬﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻬـ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﻨﻌﻴﺸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻅـﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ،‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺍﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
،‫ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻓﺭﺍﺯﺍﺕ‬‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻫﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬.
‫ﺤﺠﻤﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻴـﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻔﺎﻗﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺯﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺘﻭﺍﻜﺒ‬
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻐﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﺭﺘﻜﺎﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬‫ﺴـﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻏﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ‬ ‫ﻟـﻭ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤـﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎل‬.
‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﹸﻌﺩ‬‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﻤﻌـﺩﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺼـﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﻭﺍﻫﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻨـﺕ‬ ،‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺌﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﻟﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺭﺍﺌﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻁﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺼﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺘﺠـﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻴﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺼﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺠﺩﺩ‬‫ﻴﻘﻨـﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴـﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺩﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻘﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻭﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ،‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻭﺍﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺴﻠﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻀﺤﺎﻴﺎﻩ‬)١(.
)١(‫ﻫﺭﺠﺔ‬.‫ﻁ‬ ،‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﻴﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺏ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ،‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‬٥،‫ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ،٢٠٠٤‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬٣.
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13. -٣-
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴـﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓـﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻌـل‬ ‫ﻤﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﺎﺒﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻭﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌـﻭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺄﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺨﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﻭﺍﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﻫـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﺴـﻌ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎﺯﺍﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﻟﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨـﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻜﺒـﺩ‬ ‫ﻀﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺸﻜﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤـﻅ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﺘﺘﺨﺫﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺩﺤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻫـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺩﺍﺜـﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﺍل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻤـﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺯﺩﻴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴﻠﺒ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬)١(.
‫ﺒﻬـﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﻹﻟﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻫـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘـﺴﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﻤـﺎ‬ ،‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‬ ،‫ﻭﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺒﻴـﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺃﺜـﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ،‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻋ‬ ‫ﺤﻜﻤﻪ‬‫ﺸـﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﺒـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻴﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻘﻭﺒﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺨﻔـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺯﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺌﻴﺔ‬.
)١(‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩل‬:،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺫﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩ‬٢٠٠٥‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬٢.
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14. -٤-
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
ً
:‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻨـﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺤـﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒـﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬
،‫ﺍﻷﻨـﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬‫ﻴﻘـﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﻌـﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻌﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻭﻴﻀﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺤﺘـﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻨـﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺭﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺤﻘﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬‫ﺤـﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻴـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﻔـﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﻁﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬)٦٠(%‫ﺤـﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺭﻀـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﻟﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬
‫ﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﻼﺌﻤ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻤﻨﺎﺨ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺌﻤﻬﻡ‬)١(.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻌﺩ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬٢٠٠١‫ﺒﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻡ‬)٧٩(‫ﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‬‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺵ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ‬)٢(،‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺍﻨﺨﻔ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴـﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺽ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺒﻠﻎ‬)٧٥(%‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬٢٠٠٧‫ﻡ‬)٣(.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﻠﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬–‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬-
‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺴﺘﺠﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﻭﺍﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
٢٠٠٤‫ﺨـﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻜﺒـﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬
)١(‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،‫ﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻑ‬)١٤(‫ﻤﺎﺭﺱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‬ ،٢٠٠١‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬٤٤.
Report, 2002, P 22.Annual Report, Insurance Fraud Prevention Authority (IFPA) – USA - Fraud)2(
)٣(‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬)٥٤٨٨(‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﺜﻨﻴﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‬ ،٢٠/١٠/٢٠٠٨‫ﻡ‬.
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15. -٥-
‫ﻨﺘ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺩﺤﺔ‬‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﻀﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﻟﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻬﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻌﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬٢٠٠٣‫ﻡ‬)٥٠٤,٥١٢(‫ﻨﺎﺘﺠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻴﺎل‬
‫ﻋﻥ‬)٢٣(‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬)٣٢٥(‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬)٦٩(%‫ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺘﺸﻔﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ‬٢٠٠٤‫ﻡ‬)١(،‫ﻭ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻌﺎﻡ‬٢٠٠٦‫ﺒﻠـﻎ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺒﺩﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬)١٥٠(‫ﻤﻠﻴـﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻴﺎل‬)١٠(%‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬)١,٥(‫ﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺭﻴﺎل‬)٢(،‫ﺭﺼﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺔ‬‫ﻋـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬
٢٠٠٧‫ﻡ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺼل‬ ،)٦(‫ﺭﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻼﻴﻴﻥ‬)٣(،‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬‫ﺯﺭﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬-‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺴـﺘﻨﺎﺩ‬‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟـﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻋﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬٢٠٠٨‫ﻡ‬/١٤٢٩‫ﻫـ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬)٢٥(‫ﺸﺭﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻌ‬ ‫ﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺭﻀﺕ‬‫ﻗﺒل‬)٧٨٢٧(‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸﺨﺼ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬٢٠٠٢‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬٢٠٠٧‫ﻡ‬،
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﺯﻋﻴﻥ‬:‫ﻋـﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤـﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴـﻁﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬‫ﻗـﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ‬)٦٣-٨١٩(‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸﺨﺼ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻠﻎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻬﻡ‬‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬)٣١٣(‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸﺨـﺼ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻅﻬـﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤـﺎ‬ ،‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ‬)٣-١٥(%‫ﺇﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴﻨﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺩﺩﻫﺎ‬،‫ﺘﺭﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺤﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ‬-‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻓﻘ‬‫ﺘﻘﺩ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬
-‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬)٣-١٠(%‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻋﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻤﺯﻭﺭﺓ‬)٢٠(%‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻗـل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤـﺎ‬ ،
)١(‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬٢٠٠٤‫ﻡ‬.
)٢(‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬)١٠٠٢٩(،‫ﺍﻷﺤﺩ‬١٦،‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻴـﻊ‬١٤٢٧‫ﻫـ‬/‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ‬١٤/٥/٢٠٠٦‫ﻡ‬.
)٣(‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬)١٤٦٠٢(‫ﺍﻻﺜﻨﻴﻥ‬ ،١٢‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﺩﻱ‬،١٤٢٩‫ﻫـ‬/‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ‬١٦/٦/٢٠٠٨‫ﻡ‬..
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16. -٦-
)٢٠(%‫ﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻁﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ‬‫ﻤﺯﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬)١(‫ﺇﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺨـﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬٢٠٠٩‫ﻡ‬‫ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬)٣٠%(‫ﻋﻭﺍﺌـﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻜﺘﺸﺎﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬)٢(.
‫ﺍﻷﺭﻗـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺫﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴﻠﻔ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺘﻨﺎﻤ‬‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻀﺢ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻔﺤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟـﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻬـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﻔﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺄﻤﻭل‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺼﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬
،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁـﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨـﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﺯﺩﻴـﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺨﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺼﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻭﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻜـﺸﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘـﺼﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺨﺫﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻼﺤﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ،‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺭﻁﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺩﻯ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌـﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻅـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴـﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻘﻭﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬‫ﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺴﺅﺍل‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤـﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻠـﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴ‬:
‫ﻋﻘﻭﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬‫؟‬
)١(‫ﺯﺭﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‬ ،‫ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻭﺍﻤل‬ ،‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬
،‫ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬١٤٢٩‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻫـ‬١٣.
)٢(‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬)١٣٠٢٨(‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬ ،٢٥‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﺩﻯ‬١٤٢٩‫ﻫـ‬.
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17. -٧-
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬
ً
:‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﺩ‬:‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻘﻭﺒﺘﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻔﺭﻉ‬ ،‫؟‬:
١-‫؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬
٢-‫؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬
٣-‫؟‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬
٤-‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
٥-‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬‫؟‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬
ً
:‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬:
١-‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬.
٢-‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬.
٣-‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬.
٤-‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻭﻑ‬.
٥-‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴـﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻲ‬.
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18. -٨-
‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬
ً
:‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﻬﺩﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺒﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻜـﻥ‬ ،‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬‫ﺠﺩﻴـﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻅـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻘـﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻭﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻘﻭﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬:
١-‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺯﺩﻴﺎﺩ‬‫ﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺌﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﻟﻴﻥ‬(‫ﻴﻠـﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜـﻲ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬.
٢-‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎل‬(‫ﻓـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁـﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬‫ﺴـﺒﻴل‬ ‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨـﺩﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ،‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺩﻟﻴﺱ‬
‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺠـﺭﺍﺌﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﻜﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﻟﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻀﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬.
٣-‫ﺍﻟﻅـﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻐﻴـﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺒﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻤﺤﻴﺼﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻅﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴـﺎﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺫﻩ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻁﻼﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﻜل‬.
٤-‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴـﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺴﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻭﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬
‫ﻭﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻷﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻴﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺘﻀﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺭﻫﺎ‬
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19. -٩-
‫ﻭﻤﻼﺤﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺸﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﻀﺭ‬‫ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺭﻁﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻓـﺭﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﺠﺒ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﺃﺨﻁﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﺎ‬.
٥-‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴـﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺜﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹸﻌﺩ‬‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﺎﻑ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻘﻭﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬.‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺜﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺘﻘﺭ‬.
٦-‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻭﻗﻊ‬–‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺴﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬–‫ﺘـﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺭﺠﻌ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬.
‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ‬
ً
:‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬
)‫أ‬(‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‬‫ﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻨﺤﺼﺭ‬‫ﺕ‬،‫ﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻴﺌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻘﻭﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﻜﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬.
)‫ﺏ‬(‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻧﻴـ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‬‫ـــ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻗﺘﺼﺭ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬.
)‫ﺝ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴـ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‬‫ــ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬
١٤٣٠/١٤٣١‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻫـ‬‫ﻀﺒﻁﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬‫ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬١٤٢٦‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬١٤٣٠‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺜﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﻫـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻨﺒﻬﺎ‬.
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20. -١٠-
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬
ً
:‫ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ‬‫ﻭﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻌﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻥ‬‫ﺘﻭﻁﺌـﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻤـﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺼﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻪ‬)١(،‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴـﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻜﻠﻤـﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻀﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻬل‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨـﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﺘﺒﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ‬)٢(‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﻜ‬‫ﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬:
)‫ﺃ‬(‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴ‬‫ــ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻝ‬
‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺭﻴﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺫﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺩﻫﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬،‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬:..."‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅـﺭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻕ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ِـ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺫﻟـﻙ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ل‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬ ‫ل‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬
‫ﱠﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ِ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭ‬‫ﻑ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼ‬")٣.(
‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻑ‬‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺼﻁﻼﺤ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬" :‫ﻓﻴﺘﺭﺘـﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺩﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻌل‬
‫ﻋ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻗﺩﺍﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺤﻰ‬‫ﻴﻌﺘﻘـﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘـﺎل‬ ‫ﺇﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺸﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺘﻤﻠﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻭﻟﻲ‬")٤(.
‫ﺴﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻀﺢ‬‫ﻻﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎل‬‫ـ‬‫ﻴﻜ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ـ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﺎﺫﻗ‬ ‫ﻭﻥ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﻤﺎﻫﺭ‬‫ﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺩﺭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
)‫ﻀﺤﻴﺘﻪ‬(،‫ﺃﻨ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺎﺩﺓ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻑ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬
)‫ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻴﺎ‬(‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ‬‫ﻭﺃﺜﻨﺎ‬‫ﺌ‬‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻪ‬.
)1(‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎﺘﻲ‬.،‫ﺤﺴﻥ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ،‫ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‬ ،‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬١٩٩٨‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬٤١.
)2(‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﺴﻑ‬.‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴـﺎﺽ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺩﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬
،‫ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻴﻑ‬١٤٢٥‫ﻫـ‬.
)3(‫ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻥ‬.‫ﺝ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﻤﻜﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬١١‫ﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ،‫ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‬ ،.‫ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ،‫ﺕ‬)‫ﺤﻭل‬(‫ﺹ‬ ،١٨٤.
)4(‫ﻫﺭﺠﺔ‬.‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ،‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﻴﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺏ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ،‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‬٥.
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21. -١١-
)‫ﺏ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﻣ‬‫ـ‬‫ﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻤﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺭﻑ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬" :‫ﻴﻘﺎل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻀﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺘﻕ‬:‫ﺃﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺇﻴﻤﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻤﻨ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﻓﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻪ‬‫ﻴﻕ‬")١(.
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻑ‬‫ﺍﺼﻁﻼﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬" :‫ﻴﻜﻭﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﻔﺎﻕ‬‫ﻤﺘﺸﺎﺒﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﺨﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻀﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺸﺘﺭﺍﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺨﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺸﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻀﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻼﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻭﻗـﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺠـﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻀﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﻁﺎﺭ‬")٢(.
‫ﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬" :‫ﺍﻷﻓـﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻓﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﺭﻀﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬")٣(.
)‫ﺝ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻑ‬" :‫ﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤـﺅﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﻔﺎﻕ‬‫ﺤﻴـﺙ‬ ،‫ﻴﻠﺘـﺯﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ‬)‫ﻥ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅ‬(‫ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ‬)‫ﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅ‬،‫ﺇﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺸﺘﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺒﻠﻐ‬،‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻭﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬،‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬،‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﻤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻥ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺅ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺩﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬")٤(.
‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬" :‫ﻪ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻓﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﻵﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺯﺍﻡ‬،‫ﻋﻨـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬،‫ﻨﻘﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻓﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒل‬‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻗـﺴ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬")٥(.
)1(‫ﺃﺒﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺭﻭﺯ‬.‫ﻁ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻤﻭﺱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﻤﺱ‬٢،‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‬ ،١٤٠٧‫ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ،‫ﻫـ‬)‫ﺃﻤﻥ‬(‫ﺹ‬ ،١٥١٨.
)2(‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﻴﺎﻥ‬.‫ﻁ‬ ،‫ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ،‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬١،‫ﺤﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‬ ،١٤٢٤‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻫـ‬٨٣.
)٣(‫ﺤﺴﻥ‬.،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻨﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﺤﺎﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ،‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬١٩٨٣،‫ﻡ‬‫ﺹ‬١٣٣.
)4(‫ﺩﺍﻏﻲ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬،‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻲ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻓل‬(،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺙ‬،١٤٢٥‫ﻫـ‬‫ﺹ‬ ،٥.
)5(‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﻴﺎﻥ‬.‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ،‫ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ،‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬٤٠.
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22. -١٢-
)‫ﺩ‬(‫ﺍﻻ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻴﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻑ‬‫ﻋﻘ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬" :‫ﺘـﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻁﻨﺎﻉ‬،‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻓـﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬")١(.
‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﺯﺭﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬" :‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺴـﺭﻗﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺃﺼ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺭ‬،‫ﺘﺅﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻴﺎﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺤـﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﻐﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬")٢(.
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻤـﺩ‬‫ﺒﻌـﺽ‬ ‫ﻗﺒـل‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺨﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻜـل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺤـﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻁﻨﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ‬،‫ﻗﻴﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻓـﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻤـﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻜﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬.
)‫ه‬(‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑــﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻤﻭﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻑ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻭﺒﺔ‬‫ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬" :‫ﻋﻘـﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬـﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻗﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ،‫ﻭﺘﻌﻘﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺎﻗﺒﻪ‬.‫ﻭﻴﻘـﺎل‬:‫ﻟـﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬")٣(.
‫ﻭ‬‫ﻋﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻑ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﺼﻁﻼﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻭﺒﺔ‬‫ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬" :‫ﺃﻤـﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬")٤.(
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻘﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬:‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻭﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﻜﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﻴﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎل‬.(
)1(‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩل‬:‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺫﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩ‬٣.
)2(‫ﺯﺭﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬.‫ﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻭﺍﻤل‬ ،‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬١٣.
)3(‫ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ،‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻤﻭﺱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺩ‬ ،‫ﺃﺒﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺭﻭﺯ‬)‫ﻋﻘﺏ‬(‫ﺹ‬ ،٣١٨.
)4(،‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ،‫ﻋﻭﺩﺓ‬١٩٨٥‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬٦٠٩.
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23. -١٣-
‫ﺛﺎﻣﻨﺎ‬
ً
:‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺞ‬
‫ﺘﻭﻅﻴـﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺼﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺜﺎﺌﻘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟـﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻴﻀ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗﻭﺍل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬.
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﻗﻀ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴـﺎل‬ ‫ﺎﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬١٤٢٦/١٤٣٠‫ﻋـﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻋـﺩﺩﻫﺎ‬ ،‫ﻫـ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﻴﺎ‬.
‫ﺗﺎﺳﻌﺎ‬
ً
:‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‬
،‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻋـﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻜﺎﺌﺯ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﹸﻌﺩ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻴﻀ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬‫ﺘﻜـﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻴـﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺩ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻁﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﻼﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﻤﺄﻨﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺯﻴﺩﻩ‬ ،‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﻀـﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨـﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺨـﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺩﺀ‬ ،‫ﻟﺩﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺸﺎﺒﻬﺔ‬.
‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻌﺩ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻭ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬‫ﻭﻋﻘﻭﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻥ‬(‫ﻟـﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬-‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤـﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻡ‬ ‫ﺤـﺴﺏ‬-
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﺘﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺭﺠﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻴـﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻟـﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻭﺭ‬.
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24. -١٤-
‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬-‫ﺒـﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‬-‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻫﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺤﺩﻯ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴـﺎل‬(‫ﺘﻠـﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻁﺕ‬ ‫ﻲ‬.
،‫ﺍﻷﻗـﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﻨﺎﺯﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻓﻘ‬:
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﺯﺭﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬)١٤٢٩‫ﻫـ‬(‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ،:)‫ﺍﻟـﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻭﺍﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‬()١(.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻓﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻤـﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻀﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘـﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﻴﺊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﻟﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤـﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤـﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﺴـﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ،‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻨﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻲ‬‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬)٢٥(‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺔ‬‫ﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺯﻋﻴﻥ‬:،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴـﻁﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟـﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺘﻌﺭﻀﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬٢٠٠٢-٢٠٠٧‫ﻡ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻔﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬:
١-‫ﺍﻟـﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸـﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤـ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﺒـﻴﻥ‬
)٣-١١(%‫ﺘﻨﻔﺫﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬.
)٤(‫ﺯﺭﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‬ ،‫ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻭﺍﻤل‬ ،‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬
،‫ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬١٤٢٩‫ﻫـ‬.
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25. -١٥-
٢-‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨـﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬)٢٣,٦(%‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺜﻴﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻁـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺨﺹ‬)٢٣,٣(%‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺒﻌـﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺎﺀﺕ‬ ،‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺍﻕ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﺔ‬)٧,٦(%.
٣-‫ﺇ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸـﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺒـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘـﺭﺍﻭﺡ‬
)٦٣-٨١٩(‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸﺨﺼ‬،‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻬـﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤـل‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻠﻎ‬
‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺔ‬)٣١٣(‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸﺨﺼ‬.
٤-‫ﺇ‬‫ﻥ‬)٣٨,١(%‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻤﻭﺍ‬‫ﺴـﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬‫ﺤﻴﻥ‬)٢٦,٢(%‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻴﻠﻴ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬‫ﻬﻡ‬)٢٤,٣(%‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺘﺤـﺎﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺼﺩﺭ‬ ،‫ﺒﻨـﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸـﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
)٢٤,٣(%،‫ﻴﻠﻴﻬﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﻘ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻥ‬)١٦,٧(%،‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬‫ﺸـﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺩﻭﺒﻲ‬‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﺔ‬)٦,٢(%.
٥-‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬‫ﺘﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻭﻉ‬،‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴـﺎل‬‫ﻭﺫﻟـﻙ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬)٥٢,٤(%‫ﻴﻠﻴﻪ‬ ،‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬)٣٥,٧(%‫ﺜﻡ‬ ،‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬‫ﺤـﻭﺍﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺘـﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎل‬)١٠,٧(%‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭ‬ ،‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‬‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬)١,٢(%‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ،)٤٩,٨%(‫ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﻟﻴﻥ‬‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،)٥٠,٢(%‫ﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻴﻥ‬.
٦-‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬)٥٩,٥(%‫ﻤﻨـ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻴـﺴﻜﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺯل‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﺄﺠﺭ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،)٢٥,٧(%‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻜﻨﻭﻥ‬)١٤,٨(%‫ﻴـﺴﻜﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺸﻤﻠﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺒـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﺔ‬)٥٧,٩(%
‫ﻋ‬‫ﺯﺍﺒ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،)٣٥,٥(%‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘـﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺠـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺯﻭﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﺔ‬‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬)٦,٧.(%
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