civil engineering topic

1. SOIL STABILIZATION
USING CEMENT
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116/07/2014

2. OVERVIEW
 INTRODUCTION
 PRESENT STUDY
 FACTORS AFFECTING SOIL CEMENT STABILIZATION
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES
 EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
 METHODS
 RESULT AND ANALYSIS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
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3. INTRODUCTION
 Stabilization is the improvement of a soil or pavement material usually
through the addition of a binder or additive.
 A wider range of soils can be improved for bulk fill applications and for
construction purposes.
 The most common method of stabilization involves the incorporation of
small quantities of binders, such as cement, to the aggregate.
 As a stabilizing material cement is well researched, well understood and
its properties clearly defined.
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6. PRESENT STUDY
 Cement stabilization of soil is done by mixing pulverized soil
and Portland cement with water and compacting the mix to
attain a strong material.
 The material obtained by mixing soil and cement is known as
soil-cement.
 Since 1915 more than 1 lakh miles of equivalent 7.5m wide
pavement bases has been constructed from cement stabilized
soils.
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7. Cont.
 Cement-stabilized materials generally fall into two classes -
 Soil-Cement
 Cement- Modified Soil
 Soil cement is a mixture of pulverized soil material and
cement.
 cement modified soil is a soil treated with small proportion of
soil cement.
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8. FACTORS AFFECTING SOIL CEMENT STABILIZATION
 Type of soil
 Quantity of cement
 Quantity of water
 Mixing, compaction and curing
 Admixtures
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9. ADVANTAGES
 It is widely available.
 Cost is relatively low.
 It is highly durable.
 Soil cement is quite weather resistant and strong.
 Soil cement reduces the swelling characteristics of the soil.
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10. DISADVANTAGES
 Cracks may form in soil cement.
 It is harmful for environment.
 It requires extra labour.
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11. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
Residual soil
 The characteristics of the residual soil at the UFRGS
experimental site have been determined which consisted of a
combination of laboratory and field tests.
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13. METHODS OF TESTING
MOULDING AND CURING OF SPECIMENS
 Cylindrical specimens with 50mm in diameter and 100mm in
height were used.
 After the moulding process, the specimen was immediately
extracted from the splitmould and its weight, diameter and
height measured.
 The samples were cured in a humid room.
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14. UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TEST
 To measure the shearing resistance of cohesive soils.
 The unconfined compressive strength is defined as the
maximum unit stress obtained within the first 20% strain.
 After curing, specimens were submerged in a water tank for
24h for saturation.
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15.  The water temperature was controlled and maintained at
23°C.
 The specimens were removed immediately before the test, and
the maximum load, which is recorded.
 Individual strengths of three specimens should not deviate by
more than 10% from the mean strength.
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Cont.

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17. STANDARD PROCTOR TEST
 Standard proctor test is carried out to determine the water content and
mass of compacted soil.
 Then,
Bulk mass density, ƥ=M/V
Where, M = mass of compacted soil (gm)
V = volume of the mould (ml)
Dry density, Ɣ =
ƥ
𝟏+𝒘
Where, w = water content
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20. RESULT AND ANALYSIS
 Unconfined compressive strength increases with higher percentage of cement
content for all water content values.
 With the increase in porosity, qu reduces for all compacted mixtures.
 Unconfined compressive strength (qu) as a function of the porosity/cement
ratio (η/Civ) defined by the equation,
ƞ
𝑪𝒊𝒗
=
𝑽𝒗
𝑽𝒄
Where, η = porosity
Civ = cement content , Vv= Volume of voids , Vc= Volume of cement
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23. CONCLUSION
 Cement has been found to be effective in stabilizing a wide variety of
soils.
 The addition of cement and the reduction of porosity promoted an
increase in unconfined compressive strength.
 Water content does not have a major influence in the unconfined
compressive strength of cement stabilized soil.
 The cement-stabilized soil, will maintain significant strength even it
becomes saturated.
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24. REFERENCES
 Sergio Filipe Veloso Marques, Nilo Cesar Consoli, and Jorge Almeida e Sousa,
“Testing Cement Improved Residual Soil Layers”, Journal of Materials in Civil
Engineering, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 544-550, Mar 2014.
 Sara Rios, AntónioViana da Fonseca, and Beatrice Anne Baudet, “Effect of the
Porosity/Cement Ratio on the Compression of Cemented Soil ”, Journal of
Geotechnical and Geo environmental Engineering, Vol. 138, No. 11, pp. 1422-1426,
Nov 2012.
 Dr.K.R.Arora, “Compaction of Soils”, Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Engineering (Geotechnical Engineering), pp. 358-361, 2011.
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25. THANK YOU
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