2. ● Ancient Philosophy
Greek, Hellenistic ,Roman
● Medieval Philosophy(5th
-15t
hc
e
ntu
ry)
Greco-Roman, Scholastic, Renaissance
● Modern Philosophy (15th to 17th century)
Age of reasons, revolution and enlightenment
8. ● He revolutionize the conception of man on the
earth.
● The sun remain in a fixed positions.
● The planet and the earth rotate in their own axis.
● It rotate full turn in 24 hours and complete in 364
days.
● Using Pythagoras calculations he managed to
predict.
● Copernicus revolution gave birth to scientific age.
● It helped in removing many superstitious belief.
● It would lead to new scientific inquiry and
invention
10. ● He observed from telescope astronomical objects.
● Milky way was made up of million of stars.
● Scientific and theological method should not be
confused.
● Discovered the moon of Jupiter & phase of Venus.
● Principle of inertia body moves in straight line
● Body moves in uniform velocity .
● The book of nature is written in language of math.
12. ● The sme incident never give same results.
● By far the knowledge is proof by sensory experiences.
● It advances new laws that make new invention possible
● Idol is metaphor for human error.
● Idol of the cave that knowledge is universal.
● Idol of the tribe that each one has different intellects.
● Idol of marketplaces that error of use language.
● Idol of theatre that flaws i.n system of knowledge
● Human are anti-philosophers in nature.
● Applied deductive reasons in practical forms.
● Skeptical in reason always and be humanist in nature.
● This scientific revolution produced Newton & Galileo.
13.
14. ● All creature are flesh. Nothing without substance exist.
● Everything in the universe is physical form.
● Everything has some cause and effects: laws of motion.
● Life is a motion of limbs. Senses work as mechanical.
● Heart is battery, nerves are string ,joints are wheels.
● Spirit carried information through nervous systems.
● The world is governed by mechanical law of motion.
● Human are bound by the rule of nature.
● Later ,Julien present mechanistic view of human beings
● All religious entities are the matter of belief not
science.
● God is the first cause of all creator in universe.
15.
16. ● Imagine is a powerful force override our reasons.
● Imagination lead us astray what we see in real.
● Truth produce through imagination is incorrect.
● Wrong judgments are made from the dress code.
● All human evil cause come from ,sitting in a room.
● The heart has its own reason which mind don’t
have.
17.
18. ● Adam and eve are perfect natural humans
● Knowledge make human corrupted as selfish
● Education perpetuating the evils of society
● Laws imposed by society condemn to chain our life
● Property right bind the people in unjust ways.
● Laws prescribed according to law of general man.
● Liberty is found in obedience to a self imposed law.
● Everyone should be considered equals
● Man would receive independence in exchange of
freedom
● Back to the nature ,away from injustice modernism
19.
20. ● Reasons ought to be slave of the passions
● Reasons and feelings does not fight each others
● Human action are led by feeling and reasoning
● Habitual association of mind is working with felt
● Emotions are copies of our impression of imagining.
● Feeling is discoverable source of causality
● Belief are not demonstrated by reason or
experiments
● Anything that is not given in experience is invention
● It is a denial of certainty in proof of existence.
● Rid of all scientific experiment based on inventions.
21.
22. ● There is nothing of which can be certain
● Doubting everything reach toward true knowledge
● Doubting is a kind of thinking
● Anything that is thinking exists
● Believe in own existence cannot be doubted
● I am , I exist .It is direct self evident intuition
● We inquire all sort of knowledge
● God has innate ideas ,He is perfect doesn't deceive
● Evil genius has employed all energies to deceive us
24. ● Truth is uncovered through unfolding history the
ideas
● Thought is in progression toward through absolute
● Ideas are concepts which has thesis or antithesis
● Two opposite ideas produce new position of synthesis
● Absolute reality with understanding of contradiction
● All phenomenon are single spirit “ idea”
● All ideas are interconnected in process of dialectic.
● World is a history of consciousness ,self-knowledge
● Future consciousness belongs to reality as whole
● Change occur with time and in accordance of pattern.
26. ● Man exist first without purpose or definition
● We have our own choice to determine value
● Reality is based on individual existence
● We are what we choose to be
● No one to blame for own choices
● A person identity is from his struggle
● Human define their own meaning in life by actions
● The destiny of man is placed within himself
28. ● Relative meaning are provided according to
situation
● scientific knowledge is to become the game of rich
● Wealthiest has the best chance to be right or truth
● Efficiency = wealth = truth
● Meanings are analogy to play game
● Narratives attempt to change whole human history
● technology has changed knowledge into information
● Information is occupied by large corporations
● Knowledge become useful when it is saleable
● Transformed attitude through mercantile
29. ● Scruton Roger ,(1999),A short history of modern
philosophy ,London, Routledge.
● Russell Bertrand ,(2010),History of western
philosophy, London, Routledge classic.
● Durant will ,History of philosophy
