1. Irfan Ansari
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3. Stress
Management
Prepared By:
Irfan Ansari
Asif Ahsan

4. A Model of Stress
Individual
Differences
Environmental Factors
Organizational Factors
Individual Factors
Experience
Stress

5. Enviromental Factors
Economic Uncertainty
Political Uncertainty
Technological Uncertainty

6. Organizational Factors
• Task Demands
• Role Demands
• Interpersonal Demands
• Organizational Structure
• Organizational Leadership

7. Individual Factors
Family Problems
Economic Problems

8. Some people thrive on stressful situations,
while others are overwhelmed by them. What
is it that differentiates people in terms of their
ability to handle stress?
At least four variables — perception, job
experience, social support, and belief in
locus of control — have been found to be
relevant moderators.

9. Relevant Moderators
• Perception
• Job experience
• Social Support
• Belief in Locus of Control

10. Perception
The stress potential in environmental,
organizational, and individual factors doesn't
lie in their objective condition. Rather, it lies in
an employee's interpretation of those factors.

11. Job Experience
Experience is said to be a great teacher. It
can also be a great stress-reducer.

12. Social Support
There is increasing evidence that social
support — that is, collegial relationships with
co-workers or supervisors — can buffer the
impact of stress.

13. Belief in Locus of Control
Those with an internal locus of control believe
they control their own destiny. Those with an
external locus believe their lives are
controlled by outside forces. Evidence
indicates that internals perceive their jobs to
be less stressful than do externals.

14. Physiological Symptoms
• Headaches
• High blood presure
• Heart Disease
Experience
Stress
Psychological Symptoms
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Decrease in job satisfaction
Behavioral symptoms
• Productivity
• Absenteeism
• Turnover

15. Stress Management
Strategies
Individual Approaches
Organizational Approaches

16. Individual Approaches
Time Management
Physical Exercise
Relaxation Training
Social Support

17. Time Management
An understanding and utilization of
basic time management principles
can help individuals better cope
with job demands.

18. Physical Exercise
Noncompetitive physical exercise
such as aerobics, race walking,
jogging, swimming, and riding a
bicycle have long been
recommended by physicians as a
way to deal with excessive stress
levels.

19. Relaxation Training
Individuals can teach themselves to relax
through techniques such as meditation,
hypnosis, and biofeedback. The objective
is to reach a state of deep relaxation,
where one feels physically relaxed,
somewhat detached from the immediate
environment, and detached from body
sensations.

20. Social Support
Having friends, family, or work
colleagues to talk to provides an outlet
when stress levels become excessive.
Expanding your social support network,
therefore, can be a means for tension
reduction.

21. Organizational
Approaches
Selection and Placement
Goal Setting
Job Redesign
Participative Decision Making
Wellness Program

22. Selection & Placement
Individuals with little experience
or an external locus of control
tend to be more stress-prone.
Selection and placement decisions
should take these facts into
consideration.

23. Goal Setting
The use of goals can reduce stress as well as
provide motivation. Specific goals that are
perceived as attainable clarify performance
expectations. Additionally, goal feedback reduces
uncertainties as to actual job performance. The
result is less employee frustration, role
ambiguity, and stress.

24. Job Redesign
Redesigning jobs to give employees
more responsibility, more meaningful
work, more autonomy, and increased
feedback can reduce stress, because
these factors give the employee greater
control over work activities and lessen
dependence on others.

25. Participative Decision Making
By giving these employees a voice in
decisions that directly affect their job
performances, management can
increase employee control and reduce
this role stress.

26. Wellness Program
These programs focus on the
employee's total physical and mental
condition.

27. Thank You