Fire and safety Engineering

1. Fire And Safety
Engineering
ENGR ZEESHAN YOUSAF
Build Boost Construction
Solutions

2. Fire And Safety Engineering
 Fire safety engineering can be defined as the application of scientific and
engineering principles to the effects of fire in order to reduce the loss of
life and damage to property by quantifying the risks and hazards involved
and provide an optimal solution to the application of preventive or
protective measures

3. Fire Safety Design Approaches
The fire safety design approaches may be divided in the
following categories:
Prescriptive Approach
Flexible-prescriptive approach
Performance-based approach

4. Prescriptive Approach
 It involves the application of a series of prescribed measures, relating to
fire resistance, widths and lengths of escape routes, compartment areas,
etc. If the design complies with all the prescribed requirements.It is
considered safe and satisfactory from the fire safety perspective.

5. Flexible-Prescriptive approach
 It is similar to the prescriptive approach, but gives the designer the option
to take into account more building design specifics, e.g. ceiling heights,
ventilation openings etc., and/or exchange one fire safety measure for
another, e.g. reduce fire resistance if sprinkler protection is provided, or
extend travel distances if a voice alarm system is provided.

6. Performance-based approach
 also known as fire safety engineering, which takes
into account very detailed building and occupant
specifics, however, also requires the most effort and
knowledge. The design involves the application of the
underlying principles which are generalized to a
various extent in prescriptive approach.

7. Fire safety engineering goal definition
The areas in which fire safety engineering goals are set are as
follows:
 People safety
 Property protection
 Business and operations continuity
 Environment protection
 Heritage protection

8. Fire Safety Engineering Design
 • Itsstudy involves the interactions between fire, people
and building(s)
 • It is an extremely complicated phenomenon
 • Impossible to use single set of evaluation procedures
for all buildings.

9. Fire safety engineering goal definition
The areas in which fire safety engineering goals are set are
as follows:
  life safety
  property protection
  business and operations continuity
  environment protection
  heritage protection

10. DESIGN CONCERNS
 Elements within the discipline of fire safety engineering
can be readily identified which relate both to life and
property safety. These areas are not mutually exclusive as an
action which increases life safety may also increase property
safety. The key areas can be identified as follows:

11. Control of ignition
 This can be done by controlling the flammability of
materials within the structure, by maintenance of
the structure fabric and finishes, or by fire safety
management in, say, imposing a ban on smoking
or naked flames.

12. Control of means of escape
 This can be forced either by the imposition of
statutory requirements on provision of suitable
escape facilities to the people or by the education
of occupants

13. Detection
 This covers the installation of methods whereby
the fire may be detected, preferably at the earliest
possible stage.

14. Control of the spread of fire
 Here, concern is the spread of the fire, either within the
building or to adjacent properties. This control may either
be effected by in-built features (such as
compartmentation) or control of distance between
buildings or by mechanical means (such as venting, smoke
screens or sprinklers).

15. Prevention of structure collapse
 This covers the imposition of load-bearing capacity and
integrity on the structure as a whole or in part during a
fire. Each of these can now be considered in greater
depth.

16. The summary assigns the considerations
involved in fire safety engineering under
the two headings of active and passive
provisions.
Active measures
Passive measures

17. Active measures
 • Provision of alarm systems,
 • Provision of smoke control systems,
 • Provision of in-built fire fighting or fire control systems,
 • Control of hazardous contents,
 • Provision of access for external fire fighting,
 • Provision of a fire safety management system

18. Passive measures
 • Adequate compartmentation
• Control of flammability of the structure
fabric
• Provision of fixed escape routes

19. Fire Engineer
 A fire engineer understands the nature and characteristics of fire,
how it spreads and can be controlled. They also know how fires
originate and the products of combustion. Additionally, fire engineers
are educated and trained in detecting, controlling, and extinguishing
fires.
 Fire engineers must also have a thorough understanding of
combustion theory and how to apply it to real-world situations.
They also need to be able to assess potential fire hazards in
buildings and recommend solutions to prevent fires from
happening.

20. Fire engineer Tasks
 A fire engineer is responsible for more than designing buildings. They are
also involved in the design of equipment used to fight fires, such as sprinklers
and smoke detectors.
 Tasks of a fire engineer include:
 Designing buildings with fire safety in mind
 Designing equipment used to fight fires
 Inspecting older buildings and structures for potential hazards
 Keeping up to date with new fire regulations and laws
 Inspecting equipment, buildings, and materials to make sure they are safe
 Use computer modelling to understand how fires start and spread

21. Fire detection
 Fire detection is the process of detecting a fire, or
impending fire, to initiate the appropriate response. There
are various ways of detecting a fire, many of which are
automated. Some common methods of fire detection
include smoke detectors, heat detectors, and flame
detectors.

22. Active fire
protection
 Active fire protection is a term used in the fire
protection engineering field to describe the range of
measures used to extinguish or control a fire, or to
protect people and property from the effects of a fire.
Active fire protection systems include fire suppression
systems (such as sprinkler systems), fire extinguishers,
and fire alarm systems.

23. Passive fire protection
 Passive fire protection is a term used in the fire protection engineering field to
describe the range of measures used to protect people and property from the
effects of a fire. Passive fire protection systems include fire-resistant construction
materials, fire-rated doors, and smoke detectors.

24. Smoke control and management
 Smoke control and management is the process of
preventing or minimising the spread of smoke in a building.
This can be done through the use of ventilation systems,
smoke detectors, and fire-rated doors. Smoke control and
management are an important part of fire safety
engineering, and it is essential to ensure that smoke does
not spread to other parts of the building and cause further
damage.

25. Escape facilities
 One of the most important aspects of safety engineering is to ensuring that
people can escape from a building in the event of a fire. This means ensuring that
there are adequate escape facilities and that people are aware of how to use
them. Escape facilities may include stairs, elevators, and fire escapes. It is also
important to ensure that the exit routes are not blocked by fire or smoke.

26. Building design
 Fire safety engineering is the process of ensuring that a
building is safe from the effects of fire. This involves
designing and installing the appropriate fire protection
systems, such as sprinkler systems, fire extinguishers, and
smoke detectors. It is also important to ensure that the
building is designed in such a way that it can be safely
evacuated in the event of a fire

27. Human behaviour during fire events
 One of the most important aspects of fire safety is
understanding how people behave during a fire. This involves
understanding the psychology of panic and how people respond
to different types of emergencies. It is also important to ensure
that people are aware of the correct way to evacuate a building
in the event of a fire.
 Emergency evacuation is the process of getting people out of a
building quickly and safely in the event of a fire or other
emergency. It is important to ensure that people know where
to go and what to do when they hear the alarm

28. Risk analysis
 Fire risk analysis is the process of assessing the risk of a fire
happening in a building. This involves identifying the potential
fire hazards and assessing the damage that could be caused by a
fire. It is important to ensure that the risks are minimised and
that appropriate fire protection measures are in place.
 Fire risk assessment is the process of identifying the potential
fire hazards in a building. This includes identifying the materials
that are most likely to ignite, the sources of heat, and the areas
where a fire could spread. It is important to assess both the
internal and external risks of a building.

29. DOCUMENTATION FOR FSE
 When preparing documentation in all phases of fire safety engineering a detailed
approach required. It is not only necessary to capture all the required
information but also to provide information in right extent and format, so that
the intended affected party may understand and interpret it correctly.

30. Different Types of Reports
 Four types of reports that can be issued, which include the required
information include.
 Fire safety design report
 FSE assessment report
 report for the operational conditions
 manual of inspection and maintenance

31. FSE REPORTS
 Fire safety design report:
 It includes agreed boundaries of
analysis, trial fire safety design
plan, design scenarios and
engineering methods;
 FSE assessment report:
 It documents the analysis of the
design and provides the final
design information (may include
the fire safety design report)

32. FSE REPORTS
Report for the operational
conditions:
 Use of the built environment as
relevant to the design, including
critical assumptions, bounding
conditions, limitations on use and
recommendations for change of
conditions.
 manual of inspection
and maintenance:
 Its procedures are relative to
required fire safety systems
for application during the
life of the built environment.