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Trauma & Stress Related Disorders .pptx
- 1. Trauma & Stressor Related Disorders by Zaheer Ahmad By Fatima Iqbal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reactive Attachment Disorder By Iqra Aslam Adjustment Disorder
- 2. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Case/Movie Review By Zaheer Ahmad
- 3. Brief Intro to PTSD Etiological Factors Treatment 01 02 All Possible causes of PTSD from Comer’s 04 Applied Therapies in Movie TABLE OF CONTENTS Dignostic Criterion from DSM-V 03 Symptoms observered in Chris Kyle Diagnostic Symptoms
- 4. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder A mental health condition that develops after exposure to a traumatic event Criteria A - Exposure Criteria B - Intrusion Symptoms (1 or more) Criteria C – Avoidance (1 or both) Criteria D - Negative Alterations in Cognitions and Mood (2 or more) Criteria E - Alterations in Arousal and Reactivity (2 or more) Criteria F, G and H - Duration and Impairment Specifiers
- 5. Other Similar Disorder PTSD in Children Acute Stress Disorder ● 1. Exposure ● 2. Intrusion Symptoms ● 3. Avoidance and Negative Alterations ● 4. Arousal and Reactivity ● 5. Depersonalization & Derealization ● Presence of nine (or more) of the symptoms from any of the five categories of 1.Intrusion 2.Negative mood 3.Dissociation 4.Avoidance 5.Arousal ● Duration is from 3 days to 1 month
- 6. Etiological Factors Traumatic Event • Exposure to a traumatic event is a necessary precursor. • can include personal experiences of violence, accidents, natural disasters, or witnessing traumatic events happening to others. Biological Factors • Individual differences in genetic vulnerability and neurobiological factors • Certain genetic variations and alterations in brain regions involved in fear and stress responses, such as the amygdala and prefrontal cortex Psychological Factors • Pre-existing psychological factors, such as a history of prior trauma, personal or family history of mental health disorders, and certain personality traits (e.g., neuroticism) • cognitive factors like negative appraisals of the traumatic event and dysfunctional coping strategies
- 7. Etiological Factors Social Support • Lack of social support and inadequate resources • Strong social support systems, family, friends, can help buffer the effects of trauma Childhood Experiences • Adverse childhood experiences, including abuse, neglect, or early-life trauma. • Early-life experiences shape neurobiological systems and influence stress responses, Coping Mechanisms • individuals coping with stress and trauma can influence the development and maintenance of PTSD symptoms. • Maladaptive coping strategies, such as avoidance or substance use, may contribute to the persistence of symptoms, Note • It's important to note that not everyone exposed to a traumatic event will develop PTSD. • Understanding the etiology of PTSD is an ongoing area of research
- 8. ABOUT THE PATIENT Patient name: Chris Kyle Age: 30 Occupation: Former Navy SEAL Sniper Presenting Complaint Chris Kyle seeks therapy due to experiencing distressing symptoms following his tours of duty in Iraq.
- 9. Re-experiencing Hyperarousal & Hypervigilance Avoidance Behaviors IDENTIFYING SYMPTOMS • Intrusive and distressing flashbacks of traumatic events • Frequently has nightmares related to combat experiences • Remains on high alert • Easily startled • Exaggerated startle response • avoids discussing his combat experiences, • isolates himself • withdraws emotionally from his family
- 10. Emotional Numbing Impact on Daily Functioning IDENTIFYING SYMPTOMS • Struggles to experience positive emotions and finds it difficult to connect with others emotionally • feels emotionally detached • PTSD symptoms significantly impact his daily life • strained interactions with his wife and children • challenging to transition back to civilian life • faces difficulties in maintaining healthy relationships
- 11. Supportive Therapy Medications • Individual and group therapy sessions • to share his experiences, • express emotions, and • receive support from peers • selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) • other appropriate psychiatric medications Applied Treatment
- 12. AWESOME WORDS
- 13. A PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS
- 14. DISCUSSION SUMMARY Note: This case study is a fictionalized representation based on the portrayal of Chris Kyle's experiences in the movie "American Sniper" and is not reflective of any real individual.
- 16. ADJUSTMENT DISORDER Diagnostic Criteria • Development of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to stressor (identifiable) – onset of 3 months of stress • Clinically significant symptoms, evident by one of two of following: 1- Marked stress, out of proportion to the intensity or severity of stressor 2- Significant impairment in functioning areas of life • Stress related disturbance does not meet criteria for other disorders and not exacerbation of preexisting mental disorder • Symptoms not representing normal bevearment • Symptoms not persistent for more than 6 months if stressor is gone Specifiers: With depressed mood With anxiety With mixed anxiety and depressed mood
- 17. With disturbance of conduct With mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct Unspecified Differential Diagnosis: Major Depressive Disorder Differential is based on symptoms prevailing. PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder Differential is based on the type, duration and severity of stressor. Adjustment disorder is diagnosed immediately. Personality Disorder Differential diagnosis is based on lifetime history, and exaceberating stressors. Normative Stress Disorder Differential diagnosis is based on magnitude and time of event that caused impairment. Psychological Factors Affecting other Medical Conditions High risk of suicidal ideation, attempts and suicide
- 18. CASE STUDY#1 Dana is 18 years old fresher attending University of Gallifray. This is the first time she has moved away from her home ever in her life for any length of time. She did not get a bid at the sorority she want to join, does not like her roommates in the dorm and is finding it difficult to attend classes and keep up with her work.
- 19. Etiological Factors The Stressor The Individual interaction Moved to Dorm Symptoms of adjustment interaction with people other disorder in Dana than her zone Psychological Vulnerability o failure to cope with situation, others blaming o criticism, negligence and rejection from others School Problems Accommodation issues Life changing event(non-threatening) changes mood Life experience (-ve)
- 20. Treatment Psycho-education Psychotherapy (talk therapy, social support etc.) No medication if mild suffering Medication Benzodiazepines such as Xanax Neurontin, SSRIs and SNRIs such as Effexor XR or Zoloft
- 21. CLASS ACTIVITIES CASE STUDY#3 A 46 years old pediatric nurse receives a negative evaluation at work Develops back injury and one of her sons being diagnosed with bipolar disorder had impaired her ability to perform adequately After the evaluation she became unable to get out of bed and often called in sick. Her mood was depressed and irritable, and she was unable to concentrate or make decisions either at work or at home, mostly found crying by her children What you have to tell? Diagnosis Etiological Factors
- 24. Brief Intro to RAD Etiological Factors Diagnostic Symptoms Treatment 01 02 All Possible Causes of RAD 04 Symptoms observed in Patient Applied Treatment in case study TABLE OF CONTENTS Diagnostic Criteria from DSM-V 03 About the Patient Case Study 05
- 25. Brief Intro of Reactive Attachment Disorder 01
- 26. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA persistent neglect, deprivation, or multiple caregiver changes grows up in environments that restrict the formation of stable attachments Emotionally withdrawn behavior from caregivers Minimal comfort- seeking, least responsiveness, least positive emotions Social and emotional disturbance Onset before the age of five.
- 29. Bowlby’s Attachment Theory Neglect and Abuse Biological Factors Etiological Factors early disruptions in the attachment relationship, child's basic emotional and physical needs for comfort and security are not consistently met Persistent neglect, physical or emotional abuse, or repeated separations from primary caregivers Genetic predispositions, prenatal factors, and early brain development abnormalities
- 30. Disrupted Early Environment Lack of stability Temperamental Factors Etiological Factors including disruptions in institutional care, frequent changes in caregivers, or exposure to multiple foster homes Lack of stability and consistent caregiving can impede the child's ability to form secure attachments. Some children may have an inherent temperament that predisposes them to developing RAD
- 31. CASE STUDY 03
- 32. ABOUT THE PATIENT J is a Caucasian 4-year-old Male Patient Adopted at 8 months Was brought to primary care at the age of 2 years and 4 months He had an early history of neglect J’s mother was neglectful with feeding and frequently left him crying, unattended or with strangers. He was taken away from his mother’s care and placed with his aunt. After 1 month and his aunt refused to take care of him. Then he was placed in the care of his now adoptive mother.
- 34. Behavioral Dyscontrol Delayed speech emotional dysregulation, anxiety, hyperactivity and inattention obsessions with food attachment issues PRESENTING SYMPTOMS
- 35. TREATMENT 05
- 37. Do you have any questions? THANKS!
- 38. RESOURCES Etiology ● Comer, R. J., & Comer, J. S. (2021). Abnormal psychology. Worth Publishers/Macmillan Learning. Diagnosis ● Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. (2017). American Psychiatric Association. ● ICD 10: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health problems. (2009). World Health Organization. Treatment ● Kring, A. M., & Johnson, S. L. (2022). Abnormal psychology: The science and treatment of psychological disorders. John Wiley & Sons.