(EOR/MEOR/BERO/oil recovery) Scale dissolving capability， Demulsification capability (chemical concentration: 100mg/l)， Sand consolidation capability， Core plugging removal tests

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BERO™ biosurfactant can peel off gathered heavy oil to form a dilute and
soft oil flow zone.
4. The BERO™ solution can greatly reduce the surface tension and
interfacial tension of the oil-water, and has good resistance to high
temperature.
5. The BERO™ solution is in weak acid, at high temperature it will slightly
corrode the N80 specimens.

2. www.zfatech.com
UNITED STATES
Add: 12212 Ashling Dr Stafford, TX, 77477
Tel: +1713 893 4784
CHINA
Add:Nanopolis Suzhou: NW02, Room 110,
99 JinjiLake Avenue,Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
Zip: 215123
Tel: +86 512-6999 5236 Fax: +86 512-6999 5237
E-mail: contact@zfatech.com
Other Performance Test
Scale dissolving capability
An extra heavy oil sample is toasted under 50oC for 24 hours into an oil scale
and the oil scale is immersed in BERO™ biosurfactant with a concentration of
1% under a constant temperature (70oC) for 24 hours and then undergoes
filtering. Through calculation, the scale dissolving capability of BERO™
biosurfactant is between 78% and 90%. As for conventional heavy oil and
conventional oil, the scale dissolving capability of BERO™ biosurfactant is
higher; in this case, the 24h scale dissolving capability of BERO™
biosurfactant with a concentration of 0.5%-1% exceeds 90%.
Demulsification capability (chemical concentration: 100mg/l)
Sand consolidation capability
When clean water passes through artificial core composed of phenolic resin
cemented fracturing sand, penetrability is lowered by 19.8%; when BERO™
biosurfactant with a concentration of 1% passes through such core,
penetrability is lowered by 1.87%.
Experiment result of cemented fracturing sand containing heavy oil is shown
below:
When clean water passes through the sand, penetrability is lowered by 14.2%;
when BERO™ biosurfactant with a concentration of 1% passes through such
sand, penetrability is not lowered but increases by 41.6%; therefore, it can be
seen that BERO™ biosurfactant has remarkable combined capability of
releasing and displacing oil and inhibiting fine particle migration and clay
swelling.
Wax inhibition experiment (use BERO™ biosurfactant with concentration
of 1% and 2%)

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UNITED STATES
Add: 12212 Ashling Dr Stafford, TX, 77477
Tel: +1713 893 4784
CHINA
Add:Nanopolis Suzhou: NW02, Room 110,
99 JinjiLake Avenue,Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
Zip: 215123
Tel: +86 512-6999 5236 Fax: +86 512-6999 5237
E-mail: contact@zfatech.com
Effect of temperature
The oil formulated with BERO™ and formation water 30g / l of solution, heated
10 minutes at each temperature stage thermostat, the BERO™ activity was
measured, the test results shown in Table 7:
As can be seen from Table 7, at temperature 180 ℃, the BERO™
biosurfactant loss its activity was 30.92%, good temperature resistance, able
to meet the needs of different formation temperatures.
Effect of Sulfidity
We used different salinity formation water from Zhongyuan oilfield, added
BERO™ biosurfactant at 90 ℃, to measure the solubility, test results shown in
Figure 5:

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UNITED STATES
Add: 12212 Ashling Dr Stafford, TX, 77477
Tel: +1713 893 4784
CHINA
Add:Nanopolis Suzhou: NW02, Room 110,
99 JinjiLake Avenue,Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
Zip: 215123
Tel: +86 512-6999 5236 Fax: +86 512-6999 5237
E-mail: contact@zfatech.com
During general treatment, the solubility of the BERO™ biosurfactant at 30g/l,
can meet the requirements of treatment，Figure 5 shows that, when the salinity
up to 210,000, solubility almost reach 30g/l. Currently, the salinity of the water
produced from the wells on Pucheng Oilfield is generally not more than
150,000, so the BERO™ biosurfactant is able meet the general treatment
needs.
Core plugging removal tests
In the laboratory, we use BERO™ biosurfactant for the core plugging removal
test.Conduct core plugging removal tests with 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 g/l
BERO™ solution, test results as table 8:
removal effectivity, but considering the economic factors, with 30-45g / l can
meet the requirements.
Oil-soluble
Mixed BERO™ biosurfactant with oil, observe the solution, test results shown

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UNITED STATES
Add: 12212 Ashling Dr Stafford, TX, 77477
Tel: +1713 893 4784
CHINA
Add:Nanopolis Suzhou: NW02, Room 110,
99 JinjiLake Avenue,Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
Zip: 215123
Tel: +86 512-6999 5236 Fax: +86 512-6999 5237
E-mail: contact@zfatech.com
in Figure 6:
Test shows that the BERO™ biosurfactant is not soluble with oil, when we
need to process to the total fluid from production wells, it is easy to separate
from the oil.
9. Conclusion
1. The 24-hour clearing out rate of 1% BERO™ biosurfactant for extra heavy
oil scale is 78%-90% and above 90% for common heavy oil or common oil.
2. After the BERO™ biosurfactant is used, the produced fluid of oil wells has
a good emulsification ability and clear oil-water interface.
3. It can be seen that BERO™ biosurfactant has remarkable combined
capability of releasing and displacing oil and inhibiting fine particle
migration and clay swelling.
4. The 2% BERO™ biosurfactant has a good wax inhibition ability since its
wax inhibition rate reaches 27%.
5. At temperature 180 ℃, the BERO™ biosurfactant loss its activity was
30.92%, good temperature resistance, able to meet the needs of different
formation temperatures.
6. When the salinity up to 210,000, solubility of BERO™ biosurfactant almost
reach 30g/l.It can adapt to most oilfield conditions.
7. Higher BERO™ biosurfactant concentration, better plugging removal
effectivity, but considering the economic factors, with 30-45g/l can meet
the requirements.
8. Test shows that the BERO™ biosurfactant is not soluble with oil, when we
need to process to the total fluid from production wells, it is easy to
separate from the oil.