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2. A word is the smallest meaningful unit of
a language that can stand on its own, and
is made up of small components called
morphemes and even smaller elements
known as phonemes, or distinguishing
sounds. Lexicology examines every
feature of a word – including formation,
spelling, origin, usage, and definition.
3. Meaning is a branch of linguistics concerned
with the signification and application of
words.
meaning. / (ˈmiːnɪŋ) / noun. the sense or
significance of a word, sentence, symbol, etc;
import; semantic or lexical content. the
purpose underlying or intended by speech,
action, etc
4. Etymology as a science is actually a focus of
lexicology. Since lexicology studies the
meaning of words and their semantic relations,
it often explores the history and development
of a word.
5. A word can have two kinds of
meaning: grammatical and lexical.
Grammatical meaning refers to a word's
function in a language, such as tense or
plurality, which can be deduced from affixes.
Lexical meaning is not limited to a single form
of a word, but rather what the word denotes as a
base word.
6. Grammatical meaning may be defined as “the component of
meaning recurrent in identical sets of individual forms of
different words” . The following words such as radios,
babies, formulae, and studies have the grammatical
meaning of plurality. The grammatical meaning of tense
may be observed in verbs such as bought, traded, slept,
delivered, and understood. The
words newspaper’s (report), sons’ (letters), country’s (debt),
and children’s (toys) share the grammatical meaning of case
(possessive case).
7. Lexical meaning has been defined by scholars in accordance with the main
principles of different linguistic schools. Ferdinand de Saussure believes
meaning is the relation between the object, or notion named, and the name
itself. Leonard Bloomfield defines the meaning of a word as the situation in
which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer.
Arnold criticizes Bloomfield’s and Saussure’s approaches for
incompleteness and proposes that “lexical meaning is the realisation of
concept or emotion by means of a definite language system” . This
definition is broader because it takes into consideration not only uttered
words but also human consciousness, which comprises not only mental
activity but also emotions, volition, and pragmatic functions of language:
communicative, emotive, evaluative, and aesthetic.
