5. 12-9-
2020Caffeine
Chemical
Name
1,3,7trymethyl
Xanthine
Sources Tea waste OR
COFFEE
Physical
Properties
white, crystaline
Powere, odourless bitter
teat
Stability Decomposed by
Strong Sol. Alkalids
Storage Store in tightly closed
container
Uses Diuretics, pain relief,
insomnia
Formulation Tablet, elixir, ing
Brand name = Anacine, coldarin, powerin
6. Nikitamide
Brand name => Nikethyl, coramine
Chemical name N, n-diethyl, pyridine-3-
carboxamine
Physical properties Colorless, slightly yellow
oily liquid, crystaline mass,,
faint odour, bitter taste
Solubility It is miscible in H2O &
alcohol & Rather
Stability It affect by light, so it store
in tightly closed light
resistance container
Uses Respiratory tract stimulation,
Analeptics,
CNS DEPRESSION,
Respiratory depression
Formulation Nikitamide ingection
8. 2020
Thet sages of anaesthesia
1] Analgesia is due to depression of cortical centre
2] Excitement due to depression of higher motor centre
3] Surgical anaesthesia which include
a) loss of spinal reflex
b) skeletal muscle relaxation
c) somatic muscle relaxation and disappearance of muscle tone
this Stages is essential to carry on surgical operations
4] The 4th Stage is middle Re paralysis which is due to Overdose
in this there is respiratory failure and vasomotor collapse
9. 11-9-
2020classification of general anaesthesia
1] Gases =>
a) Inorganic gases=> Nitrous oxide
b) Hydrocarbons => Cyclopropane, Ethylene
2] Volatile liquids=>
a) Halogenated hydrocarbons=> Halothiane
b) Eather=> Diethyl ether
10. 2020
cyclopropene is a potent anaesthetic . It has a wide margin of
safety but readily used because it is high explosive
diethyl Ether is inflammable and forms explosive mixture
with air and oxygen . it cause induction of nacrois
Halothiane is the most widely used in election acetic in
modern practice because of rapid induction and recovery
11. 2020Cyclopropanes
uses =>it is most potent gases anaesthetic
Physical properties => It is a colourless
inflammable gas having characteristic
odour it boiling point is 34° . it is
inflammable & forms explosive mixture
with air . It is freely soluble in alcohol
Storage => it is stored in metallic cylinder designed to hold
compressed gases and kept in a a cool room free from
inflammable material.The whole cylinder is painted orange
colour the shoulder should be e name of symbol C3H6
name of symbol should be clear attempt on cylinder valve
12. Diethyl ether
Physical properties => it is a clear colorless wearing mobile liquid
characteristic odour sweet test .It is a very volatile and inflammable
Storage => it is oxidised by atmospheric Oxygen and effect by
light ,hence it is stored tightly closed Light resistance container in
CoOl Place. Antioxidants uses Hydroquinone prophylaxis gallate
The label should bear=
1Very inflammable 2] do not open near flame or fire 3] Name &
proposition offer stabilizer
Uses=>
anaesthetic Ether is used as general anaesthetic give in
combination with halothane. Used as a solvent
13.
14. Halothiane
Advatages=> it is a potent anaesthetic than chloroform and Ether.
It is not in inflammable not explosive when mixed with oxygen.It is
not a return to to skin or mucous membrane .It does not produce
necrosis
15. Physical properties=> colourless, mobile ,volatile
heavy liquid with chloroform like order non inflammable and does
not form explosive mixture with air . It is slightly in water but
miscible with absolute alcohol Ether and chloroform
Storage => it is the decomposed slowly on exposure to light
to give halogen acid and free halogen it also effect by air in
presence of moisture attacks lead brass aluminium but not
copper . Rubber and plastic are deteriorated by it .Hence it is
stored tightly closed light resistance container
it contains 0.01 % w/w of thermal as a stabilizer
16. Hypnotics &
Sedative
Hypnotics=> are the drug which are
dipresst central nervous system and produce
sleep resembling natural sleep in normal dose
Sedative=> sedative are CNS
depressant but do not induce sleep
in normal dose but clime to nerve
17. Hypnotics are used to insomnia which means lack of sleep
hipnotics is smaller dose may be seductive
sedative large dose produce hypnotize effect
Special uses
To control epileptic seizure.
To adjust Anastasia
To treat hypertension
To emotional strain
To potentitation of analgesia drugs
18. Ethyl alcohol , belladonna, Morphine are the agent capable of
inducing consciousness but they cannot be called hipnotics sleep
inducing them those not reScemblng natural sleep
In1864 bromides where induced at hypnotics and in 1869,
chloralhydrate are was followed by Paraldehyde ,sulphonal &
urethane,.In 1903,barbiturates are induced in medicine but done
due to their depends liability they are legally replaced by
benzodiazepine derivatives
19. classification of sedative and hypnotic
Memonic= Barbiturates :-lisu =past लिसू पास्ट
Non-barbiturates :-BoA=dgp
bank of Amarika मध्ये DGP होते
A] BARBITURATES
1] long acting Barbichurates =6hr & more = Phenobarbitone
2] Intramediate acting Barbichurates =3to6hr= Amylobarbitone
3] Short acting Barbichurates =less than 3hr= Cyclobarbitone
4] Ultra short acting Barbichurates =less than 1hr=Thiooental
sodium
B] Non-BARBITURATES =>
1] Bnzodiazepines =Diazepam
2] Other cyclic nitrogen containing compounds = Glutethimide
3] Aldehydes = Paraldehyde
20. Mechanism of action of barbiturates &
benzodiazepinesBarbiturates and benzodiazepines
enhance GABA ANERGIC inhibitory
response by opening of chloride channel
*Chloride channels stabilized in nerve
membrane . HEANCE depolarization does
not occur I. e - nerve impulse cannot be
transmitted
* Barbichurates bInds on picrotoxin site
21.
22. uses of anaesthesia
1] It is used as sedative in nervous insomnia anxiety and thyrotoxicosis
2] It is anticonvulsant and used to treat GrandMal epilepsy
3] It is used to treat neoatal jaundice
Formulation
phenobarbitone TABLET, CAPSULE, ELIXER,
phenobarbitone sodium ingection or tablet
Brand name = Garoin, luminal
Storage= It' is a stable compound
Physical properties =White, crystalline powder, odourless,
bitter taste,Slightly soluble in water freely soluble in alcohol
Barbiturates
23. 2020
Gluthethimide
It belongs into amides
Chemical name =3-ethyl, 3-phenyl
piperidine -2,6/dione OR α-ehtyl α-
phenyl glutarimide
Physical properties =white
crystalline powder, colorless,
odourless, Bitter taste
Brand name = Diriden
Formulation = Glutethimide Tablet, or
Gluthethimide capsule
24. Antiepliptic or
Anticonvulsant
The drugs which
depress the CNS to
prevent epilepsy aur
conversion are called Aaj
antiepileptic Aur
anticonvulsant
it is characterized by an
abnormal and excessive
25. Class of
compound
Examples
1] Barbiturate Phenobarbiton
e
2] Hydantoin Phenytoin
3]Succinimide Ethosuccimide
4]Oxazoline-2, 4-
diones
Trimethadione,
Paramethadio
ne
Classification of Antiepliptic drugs
26. 2029
Phenytoin
Brand name=> Garoin
Physical
properties
White, Crystaline power,
odourless
Very slightly soluble in
water, but soluble in alkail
hydroxides
Storage It is stored in tightly
closed container
It is a slightly
Hydroscopic
uses 1] As an Antiepliptic
2] To treat myotonia
3]Used to migraine
27.
28. Ethosuccimide
Chemical name =3-ethyl,
3-methyl pyrrolidine -2,5-
dione
Physical properties =
White, colorless, odourless,
powder Bitter taste
Solubility = soluble in
water
Uses = As a Antiepliptic
Brand name = Eneside
29. Trimethadione
Brand-name= Trimedone
Chemical name =3,5,5-trimethyl,
oxazolidine -2,4dione
Properties = colourless,
crystalline nature, slightly camphor
like odour
Solubility = soluble in water &
freely soluble in alcohol
Uses = Antiepliptic
Storage = stored in tightly closed
30. Paramethadione
Brand name = Paradione
Chemical name =5-ethy, 3,5-dimethyl,
oxazolidine -
2,4-Dione
Properties = Colorless liquid having
aromatic odour.
Solubility = sparingly soluble in water &
freely soluble in alcohol
Storage = it is stored in well closed
container
Uses= Antiepliptic
31. TRANQUALIZER
The drugs which are
used to treat
psychiatric disorders
are called as
psychiatric drugs
This drugs may be classified as=
1] antipsychotic or neuroleptic or
tranquilizers
2] Antidepressant or
36. Delpression is sadness through possible
intense ,is usually of short duration it may
be a symptoms of primary affective
illnes.The feeling of sadness and
mandiness are experienCed periodically
by almost everyone. symptoms of
depression are fatigue,headache
Insomnia, disturbance and skeletal
muscle complication loss of sexual
Desire etc. However severe depression
with symptoms which disturb normal
functioning occurs in about 0.5% person .If
