This presentation explain the knowledge about sedative and hypnotics drugs also its physical properties, storage ,uses,dose, brand name and marketed formulations.

1. Sedatives and Hypnotics
Presented By: Priyanka N. Deshmukh
K.Y.D.S.C.T’s college of pharmacy, sakegaon

2.  Introduction
Sedative:
Sedatives are C.N.S depressants but do not induce (produce)
sleep in normal dose but calms the nerves.
Hypnotics in smaller doses may be sedative while sedatives in large doses produce
hypnotics effect.
Hypnotics:
Hypnotics are the drugs which depress C.N.S
and produce sleep, resembling natural sleep
in normal dose.

3. Sedative and Hypnotics
Barbiturate Non barbiturates

4. Ultrashort acting barbiturates:e.g. Methohexitone sodium,
thiopentone sodium
1. Barbiturate
Short acting barbiturates: e. g. cyclobarbitone
Long acting barbiturates: e.g. Barbitone ,phenobarbitone
Intermediate acting barbiturates:e.g. butobarbitone

5. Acyclic nitrogen containing compounds:e.g. Meprobamate
Other cyclic nitrogen containing compounds- amides& imides e.gGlutethimide
Miscellaneous:e.g.bromides, antihistamines
2. Non-Barbiturate
Benzodiazepine:e.g. Dazepam, nitrazepam
Alcohols and their derivative:e.g. Triclofos sodium
Aldehyde and derivative:e.g.paraldehyde

6. Contents Diazepam Alprazolam
Molecular formula C16H13ClN2O C17H13ClN4
Structure
Chemical name 7-Chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-
1H[e][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one
8-Chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl
4Hbenzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,
3-a][1,4]diazepine
Physical properties • Off-white to yellow,
odourless crystalline powder.
• Tasteless at first with a bitter
after taste.
• white crystalline
odourless solid powder.

7. Chemical properties • Lipophilic in nature.
• Completely soluble in in
DMF(Dimethyl
formamide).
• Sparingly soluble in
propylene glycol.
• Freely soluble in
methylene chloride.
• Sparingly soluble in
acetone and alcohol.
• Practically insoluble in
water.
Uses • Sedative and hypnotics
agent.
• To treat anxiety, alcohol
withdrawal and seizures.
• Sedative and hypnotics
agent.
• In anxiety disorder.
• In panic disorder.
Storage • Stored in tightly closed,
light resistant containers.
• Store protected from
light.
Formulation • Tablet, capsule,injection,
gel
• Tablet, capsule, injection,
gel, syrup
Brands Alzepam Aaram
Dose • 2mg to 10 mg two to four
times per day.
• No more than 0.5 mg
every 3 days.

8. Contents Nitrazepam Phenobarbitol
Molecular formula C15H11ClN2O3 C12H12N3O3
Structure
Chemical name 7-nitro-5-(2,3,4,5,6-
pentadeuteriophenyl)-1,3-
dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-
one
5-ethyl-5-phenylpyrimidine-
2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
Physical properties • Yellow crystalline and
odourless powder.
• white crystalline powder.

9. Chemical properties • Soluble in alcohol,
acetone, chloroform.
• Insoluble in
water,ether, benzene.
• Hygroscopic substance.
• Soluble in alcohol
• Freely soluble in water.
Uses • Sedative and hypnotics
agent.
• To treat insomnea.
• Sedative and hypnotics
agent.
• Useful in nervous and
related tension states.
Storage • Stored in tightly
closed, light resistant
containers.
• Well closed container.
Formulation • Tablet, capsule,
injection
• Tablet, injection, elixir
Brands Nitravet,Nitraz-5 Phenotone
Dose • 5 mg before retiring
daily this dose may
be increased if
necessary to 10 mg.
• 15-20mg/kg IV loading
dose infused at 25-100
mg/min; may repeat once
after 10 min additional 5-
10mg/kg.

10. Thank
You