Its a ppt describing the Damping off disease of cardamom in brief

1. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3)
Kullapuram (Po),ViaVaigai Dam, Theni-625 562
CARDAMOM DAMPING OFF
Student Course teacher
A.Hariharan Dr.Parthasarathy.S
2015021043 Assistant Professor (Plant Pathology)

2. Name of disease
• Common name:
Cardamom damping off- Pythium vexans
• Other names:
Soft rot and Rhizome rot- Rhizoctonia solani

3. History of disease
 Rhizome rot is a common disease occurring in cardamom plantations
during monsoon period.
 The disease was first reported by Park (1937), Subba Rao (1938)
described it as clump rot disease.
 The disease is widely distributed through out cardamom plantation.

4. Occurance
 World:
Indonesia, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka.
India:
Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
 Inventor:
Siddaramaiah (1988).

5. Economic Importance
 Rhizome rot is one of the earliest noticed fungal disease.
 The incidence of the disease in cardamom hills of Kerala.
 Occurring in Kerala and Karnataka, and is also called as clump rot
disease (Mayne 1942).

6. SYSTEMATIC POSITION
Kingdom:Chomista
Phylum :Oomycota
Class :Oomycetes
Order :Pythiales
Family :Pythiaceae
Genus :Pythium
Species :Pythium vexans

7. Life Cycle-Sexual Reproduction
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8. Asexual Reproduction
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9. Symptoms
• Leaves turn pale, tips become yellow. Gradually, these symptoms spread over the
entire leaf extending to leaf sheath resulting in wilting of seedlings.
• The collar portion decays and the entire seedlings die.
• Infection spreads in the nursery beds resulting in death of seedlings in small
patches.
• In grown up seedlings, rotting extends from the collar region to the rhizomes
resulting in their decay and ultimate death of the plant

10. Symptoms
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11. Survival and Spread
• It spreads to rhizomes and roots.
• Seed, soil and water.

12. Favourable Conditions
• High humidity, high soil moisture, cloudiness and low temperatures below
24° C for few days are ideal for infection and development of disease.
• Crowded seedlings, dampness due to high rainfall, poor drainage and
excess of soil solutes hamper plant growth and increase the pathogenic
damping-off.
• Cool and moist conditions due to rain or show at higher elevation .

13. Management
 Destruction of diseased clumps and provide proper drainage
 Changing the nursery site and avoid crowding
 Soil drenching with one percent bordeaux mixture or copper oxychloride 0.25 % at one-
month interval has been reported.
 Pre-treatment of nursery beds with fomaldehyde @ 0.2%.
 Fungicides such as mancozeb and brassicol (PCNB) were effective for disease control.

14. References
Joseph, T., Suseela Bhai, R.and Naidu, R. (1991). Capsule rot disease of
cardamom and its control. J. Plantn. Crops (Suppl.) 18: 264-268.
Ramakrishnan, T.S. (1949). The occurrence of Pythium vexans de Bary
in South India. Indian Phytopath. 2: 27-30.