The document summarizes different types of residential layouts and principles of neighborhood planning. It discusses the layout of residential units and factors to consider such as orientation, density, and income grouping. It describes neighborhood unit planning as encouraging community spirit. Key principles of neighborhood planning include size, boundaries, protective strips, internal streets, building layout, shopping centers, and community facilities. Specific layout types covered are rectangular or grid pattern, cul-de-sac, and shoe-string development, outlining their features, advantages, and examples.

1. SWAMI KESHVANAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
MANAGEMENT AND GRAMOTHAN JAIPUR.
Housing (Part 2)
For B.Tech. V Semester Civil Engineering
By
Er. Jetender Babulal Jangid
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering

2. Topics to be covered
■ Layout of Residential Units
■ Principles of Neighbourhood Unit Planning
■ Types of Layouts

3. Layout of Residential Units
The important points to be considered in the planning of residential units are-
Houses should be placed in different type of
pleasing elevations
Houses should be planned in harmony with
the surroundings
Houses should be properly oriented to get
maximum advantage of natural elements
Density of Population should be in
accordance with the standards specified by
standard authority.
Houses should be placed according to income
groups to build the spirit of neighbourhood. Source - https://hollandbloorview.ca/services/family-workshops-resources/family-resource-
centre/online-family-resources-centre-2

4. Neighbourhood Unit Planning
All the residential units are now planned on neighbourhood principle. It is a small unit which serves the
local community and encourages them to foster neighbourhood spirit or relationship which seems to
have been lost in modern city life.
Neighbourhood unit planning fulfills the concept of “Unity in Diversity” by bringing people of
different culture and compatible taste together.

5. Principles of Neighbourhood Unit Planning
Size
Boundarie
s
Protective
Strips
Internal
Streets
Layout of
Buildings
Shopping
Centres
Communit
y
Centres
Facilities
Image Source -https://morphocode.com/the-5-minute-walk/

6. Types of Layouts
The general layout of houses should have variety, economy and convenience of the community. The layouts differ
for different sites such as square, semi-circular, triangular, trapezoidal, etc. A few of the well recognised layouts
are-
Rectangular or Grid
Iron Pattern
Cul-de-sac Shoe-String
Development
Image Source- Wikipedia
Image Source-
Image Source- Google Images

7. Rectangular or Grid Iron Pattern
The layout plan shown in this image is almost square with roads meeting at right angles. This pattern is suitable for a
flat country, but is not suitable from the traffic point of view. The infrastructure for grid iron pattern is generally
higher than for pattern with discontinuous streets.
Fig Source – Text book on fundamentals of Town Planning by G.K.Hiraskar, page no 50
http://www.cityofjaipur.com/jaipur-local/about-jaipur/vidyadhar-bhattacharya-the-chief-architect-and-city-planner-of-

8. Cul-de-sac
This type consisting of approach road with a dead end is suitable for a small estate. In this case houses are arranged to face
a dead road branching from the main road at right angles. At the dead end of the road, a roundabout is provided so that the
vehicles can go round and return to the main road.
The advantages of cul-de-sac layout-
a. It affords Privacy
b. It affords peaceful atmosphere
c. It is free from noise, bustle of the road traffic
d. It minimises the road accidents
Image source- https://www.newgeography.com/content/001352-
suburbs-cul-de-sacs-is-the-romance-over
Image source- https://exclusive.multibriefs.com/content/urban-design-gone-wrong-cul-de-
sacs/construction-building-materials

9. Shoe-String Development
It is an improved variety of cul-de-sac.
Image Source- Google Images
Features-
i. The houses are arranged in groups, in the shape of
a shoe, around a local road, encircling a park in
the centre, the main road forming the string.
ii. Each group is placed on the right and left side of
the local road, facing the park, thus forming the
shape ‘S’.
iii. No houses will have direct approach to the main
road.
Advantages –
a. It provides calm and quiet atmosphere.
b. It is absolutely free from dust, noise, bustle of the city.
c. It is free from traffic accidents.
d. It provides better social contacts.

10. References:-
1. Text book on Fundamentals of Town Planning by G.K. Hiraskar
2. Ministry of Housing and Urban affairs (http://mohua.gov.in)

11. Thank You