Construction management : time and motion study

1. Construction Planning & Control
M.Tech-CTaM
Yash Shah
Submitted to – Prof.Venkata Delhi
IIT,Bombay
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Time and Motion Study

2.  Primitive age – Slab cycle of 1 months .Good work
 Present –
 1-2 months – fired .
 5 to 10 days achievable
 Micro study is important
To control anything.. we need to measure
Time – one of the oldest tools used by engineers in
work measurements
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3.  The Industrial EngineeringTerminology Standard, defines
time study as
"a work measurement technique consisting of careful time measurement of
the task with a time measuring instrument..
adjusted for any observed variance from normal effort or pace and..
to allow adequate time for items such as ..
foreign elements, unavoidable or machine delays, rest to overcome fatigue,
and personal needs.“
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4. Time and
MotionStudy
A scientific study of the conservation of human resources in search
for most efficient method of doing a task
 Helps to
 Improve work quality
 Reduce and control costs
 Reduce waste
 Saves Human Effort
 Improve working conditions and environment
 Motivate people
 Lean philosophy – Optimum input for Maximum output
 Study of inputs –Time and physical efforts.
 Elimination of time delays and unnecessary steps by machine and men
 Used when …
 there are repetitive work cycles of short to long duration,
 wide variety of dissimilar work is performed, or
 process control elements constitute a part of the cycle.
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5. Frederick
WinslowTaylor
 Pioneer
 Time and Motion at the basic level
 breaking down each job into component parts
 timing each part
 rearranging the parts into the most efficient method of working
 Transformed management from an oral tradition, into a set of calculated
and written techniques.
 Maximize productivity irrespective of the physiological cost of the worker
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6. Frank and
LilianGilbreth
 Method study technique like cyclograph,
chronocyclographs, movie cameras,
motion picture camera and a special clock
called a microchronometer
 Study of fatigue, monotony, transfer of
skills and assisted the handicapped in
becoming more mobile.
 Developed flow diagrams, process chart,
and operation chart.
 StandardizedTime and motion study
mainly by “therbligs”
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7. TimeStudy
 Work measurement tool involving the technique of establishing an
allowed time standard to perform a given task
 Time study is composed of four parts:
 Developing the preferred method
 Standardizing the operation
 Determining the time standard
 Training
 3 conditions:
 a qualified, well-trained operator
 working at a normal pace
 doing a specific task
 Result
 Standard time for doing an operation
 Optimum time consuming method
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8. Paper-“TimeAnd
MotionStudyofa
ResidentialSite”-
Miss.Rajshri
Shrishirmal,
MaharashtraInstitute
ofTechnology
HandlingofBricks
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Loadin
g
Lifting Unloadin
g
SD 9.64 9.9132 17.2238
Max 67.34 120.12 150.64
Min 30.43 84.34 90.99
Var 92.931 98.2719 296.66
Media
n
44.32 96.45 118.39
correla
tion
-0.2615 0.0131 0.1221
Regression equation is
71.922X1= -0.256X2-0.010X3
Where
X1=loading of bricks
X2=lifting of bricks to 6th floor
X3= unloading of bricks
“Conclusions derived from regression equations are that for material handling lifting the
materials to the 6th floor was the cause of delay , for brickwork”

9.  Motion study the foundation forTime study
 Purpose to find the greatest economy of effort with due regard for
safety and the human aspect.
 Stated simply, motion study means —
1. Selection of job
2. All information of job. What,why,how,when
3. Analysis-Thoroughly question the reason for each step
4. Modify /substitute /eliminate the steps on the job which cannot be
fully justified.
5. Approval
6. Install and standardize the new procedure for doing the job.
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10. The usual and tested procedures in motion study involve the use of
1. Process charts
The study of a series of steps in making an article or the series of
events a person goes through in completing a job assignment.
2. Flow charts.
A supporting route of travel that an article or person may take in
completing a series of steps in a job assignment.This chart is usually
used to assist the process chart.
3. Operations charts.
A detailed analysis of just what an employee does in a specific step or
task.
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11. ProcessChart
 The study of a series of steps
 Are all the steps necessary ?
 Steps done in the proper order?
 Waste of time and effort involved in any step ?
 No visualization & assumptions .. But actual observance
 It should contain
 Description
 Symbol
 Distance
 Time
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12. Contd..
ProcessChart
Operation
Transportation
Storage
Inspection
Delay
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Manufacture of metal product

13. Soda
opener
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14. Improved
Soda
opener
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15. OnSite..
 Job layout plan
 RMC truck – loading from mixer ,movement ,unloading in pump.
 Manual concreting
 Material lifts, crane
 Excavator – sequence & path of excavation, loading and dumping
 Brickwork
 And so .. 15
Labour Camp Toilet
Equipment
Storage
SteelYard
Building Layout
Site
OfficeConcrete
Pump
Sand
Aggregate
1
Aggregate
2 Cement
Security JOB LAYOUT PLAN
Entry

16. Operation
Chart
For a given task
 List of operations
 Why the operations
 Breakdown – most required , least required, not necessary
 Modify, substitute or eliminate operations for better effectiveness
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17. Our daily life
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18. 18
“Motion andTime Study” - L. C. Pigage, University of Illinois,1915

19. OnSite
 Bar bending works
 Plastering work
 Manual concreting
 Brickwork
 Material lifting
 Steel fitting
 Formwork install, removal, etc.,
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20. Allowances
 Personal
 Talking to colleague , going to pray, toilet, drink
 5% of the work hours, or 24 minutes per day.
 Fatigue
 Recovery time from physical/mental works
 Depends upon type of work, external conditions, etc
 Delay
 Unavoidable situation obstructing the worker
 The reason must be known and accounted for
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21. Hence…
1. Define and document the standard method.
2. Divide the task into work elements.
3. Observation –Time ,motion and effort
4. Evaluate the worker’s pace relative to standard performance
(performance rating), to determine the normal time.
5. Apply an allowance to compute the standard methodology and
time.The allowance factors that are needed in the work are then
added to compute the standards for the task.
6. Modify/substitute/eliminate efforts and time for better efficiency
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22. Making the worker at ease and understanding is important
Not dictation but Cooperation with worker
Improve ‘our’ efficiency and not only ‘my’
‘Mightier than you’ attitude should not be there
A lot of management tools available, but they are only to channelize
your visualization, common sense and instincts .. and not a
substitute for it..
Thank You..
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23. References
 “Motion and Time Study” - L. C. Pigage, University of Illinois, 1915
 “Time And Motion Study of a Residential Site” - Miss. Rajshri
Shrishirmal, Maharashtra Institute of Technology,2015
 “Time Study Method Implementation In Manufacturing Industry”-
Nor Diana Hashim, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, 2008
 “Construction Engineering And Management”- S.Seetharaman,
2006
 https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/production-and-
operations-management-tutorial-295/work-study-time-and-
motion-study-1569/work-study-9657.html
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