Eczema by yameenah khan

1. ECZEMA
Skin disease.

2. It is also known as
ATOPIC DERMATITIS.

3. DEFINITION
It is group of condition characterized by Dry,
Itchy skin that can weep clear fluid when scratched.
Eczema is a Chronic, non- contagious, Pruritic
Inflammatory condition.
It affects the skin creases and flexural surfaces.

4. DEFINITION
About 80% of Atopic Dermatitis patients
develop either Asthma , Allergic Rhinitis or
both.
5-20% of children worldwide are affected by
eczema. It’s onset is often in childhood.

5. Atopic Triad
Associated condition the
“As”
Increased IgE
Asthma
Allergic Rhinitis
Atopic
Dermatitis

6. PATHOGENESIS
 DEFFECTIVE EPIDERMAL BARRIER:
. Filaggrin Deficiency
It is a protein responsible for building a strong, protective skin
barrier.
Without enough of this Protein, bacteria, moisture, and
viruses enter leading to Eczema.

7. RISK FACTORS
 Family history ( approximately 70% have positive family
history).
 Genetics (loss of function mutation of filaggrin gene).
 Allergies.
 Environmental water (HARDNESS: calcium carbonate)

8. SKIN FINDINGS
Keratosis Pilaris Dennie-Morgan Fold Hertoghe’s sign

9. SKIN FINDINGS
Pityriasis Alba Palmar Hyperlinearity Retroauricular Fissuring

10. DIAGNOSIS
Pruritus (severe itching of skin)
 Skin Creases are involved (antecubital fossa, popliteal fossa,
neck, around the eyes.)
 History of hay fever or Asthma.
 Presence of generally dry skin within past year.
 Symptoms begin before the age of 2.
 Visible Dermatitis involving Flexural surfaces.

11. TREATMENT
 Avoidance of Allergens / Triggers like
Heat/ low humidity environment.
reduce stress/ anxiety.
 Avoidance of certain foods like Diary.
 If avoidance doesn’t work some medications are given :-
1. Topical corticosteroids ( hydrocortisone cream).
2. Topical Calcineurin inhibitors ( for face, eyelids, neck, skin folds.)
3. Phototherapy (for severe cases)
4. Cyclosporine (acute flares)
5. Antihistamines for pruritus .