In terms of climate change, reaching 'net zero' will require a major progress in CO2 management of the hard-to-abate sectors. If the cement industry were a nation, it would be the third highest emitter in the world just behind China and the US. We will look at what it takes to capture CO2 in this industry and review the technology landscape.

1. Carbon Capture (CC) for
Cement Industry
Jean-Claude Pierre
Venture Partner CM Venture
Chairman of the Board Nuada

2. Source: Laying the foundation for a zero-carbon cement industry | McKinsey
Cement production
A major global CO2 emitter generating the most emissions per revenue dollar
”If the cement industry were
a nation, it would be the third-
highest CO2 emitter after
China and the United States.”

3. Global Cement production
Mt per year

4. Cement manufacturing
A complex process with CO2 emissions concentrated around the calcination step
Sources: Laying the foundation for a zero-carbon cement industry | McKinsey
Citi Global Insights

5. CC in cement industry
CCUS, the most effective way to reduce GHG emissions
Sources: Citi Global Insights

6. CC current technologies for Cement manufacturing
5 main technologies
• Chemical (liquid) absorption:
• Reaction between the liquid absorbent, typically amines solution, and CO2.
• Most advanced CO2 separation technique
• Used for decades in several projects across the globe
• TRL 11 // Expensive (energy)
• Calcium Looping
• 1st reactor: CaO as sorbent to capture CO2 and form calcium carbonate
• 2nd reactor: CO2 separated from calcium carbonate to produce pure CO2 and Cao.
• TRL 4-6 // Expensive (energy + new kilns)
• Oxy-fuel separation
• combustion of fuel using nearly pure oxygen and the subsequent capture of the CO2
emitted. Sensitive to any changes to the clinker (gas change,…)
• TRL 5-7 Source: CCUS in clean energy transitions / IEA

7. • Direct separation
• CO2 stripped directly from the limestone, without mixing it with other combustion
gases, thus reducing energy costs in the process (sensitive to clinker changes)
• TRL 6-8
• Physical separation of CO2 via adsorption, absorption, cryogenic separation, or dehydration
and compression.
• Physical adsorption makes use of a solid surface (e.g. activated carbon, alumina, metallic
oxides or zeolites)
• Physical absorption makes use of a liquid solvent (e.g. Selexol or Rectisol). After capture
by means of an adsorbent, CO2 is released by increasing temperature (temperature
swing adsorption [TSA]) or pressure (pressure swing adsorption [PSA] or vacuum swing
adsorption [VSA])
• TRL 6-8
CC current technologies for Cement manufacturing
5 main technologies
Source: CCUS in clean energy transitions / IEA

8. CC Cost comparison
Physical adsorption with VPSA technology shows lowest cost per ton of CO2 captured
Phys. Ads.
VPSA

9. Vacuuming CO2 out
of industrial
emissions
• A steam-free, solvent-free
vacuum filtration machine
• Continuous removal of high-
purity CO2.
nuadaCO2.com

10. The next generation
of carbon capture
An ultra-energy efficient capture system
that combines the unique properties of
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) with
mature VPSA technology
nuadaCO2.com
Ultra-Energy
Efficient
Modular &
Scalable
Mature
Process
“Heatless”
Capture
Flexible
Applications
No Toxic
Solvents

11. • Policy, regulation and funding from governments to help the transition
• CO2 transportation and storage integral to the success of CC in cement industry
• In China
• Some of the youngest cement plants yet biggest CO2 global emitter
• CC retrofits will be essential to reduce those emissions
• Favorable CO2 storage conditions
• Some 45% of the CO2 emissions from power and energy-intensive industries is
within 50 km of potential CO2 storage, 65% of emissions within 100 km.
• Potential storage could total 425 Gt, or 40 years of current emissions. (Source: IEA)
• ETS in place.
Going forward
Key conditions to deploy CC technologies