A Transposon Insertion Site Identifies Two Potential Genes That Regulate a Developmental Switch in C. elegans
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2023 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Kira Jonatzke Under favorable environments, the worm C. elegans undergoes four different larval stages before becoming a fertile adult. However, when environments are harsh, such as under high temperatures or high population density and low food availability, C. elegans enters a different developmental program, known as dauer. Dauers are developmentally arrested, highly resistant to stress and live long. Thus, when environments improve, dauers exit to the last larval stage and become fertile adults. Recently, we serendipitously discovered that the Mos1 transposon insertion site ttTi5605 produced more dauers at high temperatures, when compared to wild-type animals. This Mos1 insertion site is situated between two genes, the predicted glucose transporter FGT-2 and the F14E5.8 gene of unknown function. Thus, the Mos1 transposon insertion might alter the expression of FGT-2 and/or F14E5.8, which potentially suggests a role for at least one of these proteins in regulating the switch to the dauer program.
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2023 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Taral Patel and Sophie Habashy
Asthma negatively affects the quality of life of those who suffer from it, with the acknowledgment that the African American/Black community is disproportionately afflicted by the disease. Research suggests that increased atmospheric particulate matter among other pollutants is correlated with higher rates of reported asthma symptoms and hospitalizations.
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The term folkhemmet or “the people’s home” is a Swedish political term that has enjoyed a wide usage amongst various political parties along with the development of the modern Swedish state over the past century. This project aims to define the term and describe its usage through the analysis of both primary and secondary sources.
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Existing probes for CYPs are non-fluorescent, but when CYPs metabolize them, they are “turned on” and fluoresce. Even though these probes are able to monitor metabolism, once they are metabolized and “turned on” they cannot be reversed or turned off. Therefore, this is no current way to monitor dynamic changes in CYP activity continuously over time.
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Iridium (III) Complexes as Sensors for Cytochrome P450 EnzymesWayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
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Misuse of Analgesics and How They Contribute to the Opioid EpidemicWayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Dorian Mersinllari
This PowerPoint shows how can CRNAs better help/ understand their patients? It was a project for my English class and I think it's really good at explaining how nurses should be treating their patients and how it would help their relationship with them. It's a 13-slide PowerPoint that includes a synthesis map and six good sources. I also had to record myself presenting it which includes information outside of what you see on the PowerPoint.How Can CRNAs Better Help/Understand Their Patients?
How Can CRNAs Better Help/Understand Their Patients?Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Vivian Truong
Young adults (18-25) have the highest prevalence (29.4%) of any mental illness and the lowest rate of receiving mental health services (38.9%; NIMH). WSU CAPS provides Wayne State students with an online mental health screening opportunity. The numbers of screenings were of interest for this project.
COVID-19 has been shown to negatively impact students’ social and academic engagement, as a result, screening usage during the pandemic was expected to increase. Additionally, the literature on gender and racial/ethnic disparities in mental health service utilization suggest that screening tools may be used less by men and underrepresented minorities. We also expected gender and racial disparities in use, despite the anonymity provided by online screening.
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2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Shane Tinsley
Introduction: Disease-specific health awareness (HA) campaigns have rapidly developed as an important avenue to improve patient education and ideally outcomes. Our study objective was to understand the impact of urological HA months on engaging public search interests in the United States.
Methods: We utilized Google Trends to examine public health interest in urologic conditions during monthly awareness campaigns over a 17-year period (2004-2021). Relative Search Volume (RSV) during the annual HA campaign months relative to non-health awareness (NHA) campaign months was calculated. Differences between HA-RSV and NHA-RSV months were compared using t-test.
Results: Although small increases in public interest were noted for certain diseases (prostate cancer in November, testicular cancer in April and erectile dysfunction), there was interestingly a comparative decrease in RSV for other diseases (bladder cancer, prostate cancer in September, testicular cancer in November, kidney cancer, benign prostate hyperplasia and male infertility) in their respective HA months; however, none of these differences were statistically significant (p > 0.05).
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2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Avery Bacheller
My research abstract explains the importance of adolescent suicide by breaking down statistics, defining the discourse community, citing and explaining sources that help build a good argument for my thesis. All of these combined help me to spread awareness and information regarding adolescent suicide.Adolescent Suicide to School Psychologists
Adolescent Suicide to School PsychologistsWayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Taha Kader
Family physicians are crucial to providing appropriate medical care in rural areas. Family physicians tackle various roles such as maternity and emergency care in these areas. However, there aren't nearly enough family physicians in these areas, and something needs to be done.The Importance of Rural Family Physicians
The Importance of Rural Family PhysiciansWayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Samaah Saifullah
Graduate co-author: Kelsey L. Canada
Automated hippocampal subfield segmentation methods have led to exponential growth in the literature. Although automated segmentation is perfectly reliable, deviations from anatomical definitions are common and weaken their validity.
To address the lack of guidance for quality control (QC) of automated segmentation methods, we developed a taxonomy of errors and two-step protocol for 1) identification and 2) manual correction. Raters examined segmentations from a customized atlas to identify errors in six categories with severity ratings; only major severity errors are manually corrected in order to minimize introducing human error.
The QC procedure was developed and cross-validated with an independent sample on two MRI scanners. Raters had excellent agreement in QC decisions between- and within-raters on all regions, manual corrections introduced less than 3% error and were unrelated to participant demographic.
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Quality Matters: A Procedure for Valid and Reliable Hippocampal Subfield Segm...Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Neel Patel and Mariana Sierra
The Kristen Rat Sarcoma (KRAS) protein, encoded by the KRAS gene, is a signal transducer that plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation. KRAS mutations have been known to cause lung, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers. Previously, KRAS was considered an “undruggable” target. However, with better understanding of the protein’s biology paired with advanced new technologies, the FDA approved the first KRAS inhibitor (sotorasib) for lung cancer patients with the KRASG12C mutation in 2021, expressing the recent interest of targeted drugs for KRAS.
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We aim to address 20 to 30 compounds to later be experimentally assessed for their (1) ability to disrupt the KRAS-SOS1 interactions and (2) cytotoxicity in KRAS mutation-bearing cell lines. The work will provide insights in the drug efficacy of KRAS inhibitors and give rise to a novel set of KRAS candidates to be used in clinical oncogenic treatments.Identification of Novel Inhibitors Targeting KRAS-SOS1 Interactions by Struct...
Identification of Novel Inhibitors Targeting KRAS-SOS1 Interactions by Struct...Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
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An individual’s perception of their discriminatory experiences has an important impact on their depressive symptoms. Some studies have shown that higher levels of perceived discrimination led to worse mental health conditions, including depressive symptoms and anxiety. Discrimination is the unfair treatment of an individual by others based on their gender, race, sexual orientation, age, and other factors. Our empirical study investigated the relationship between everyday discrimination, major lifetime discrimination, and depressive symptoms using data from 211 older African American adults in the Health among Older adults Living in Detroit (HOLD) study.
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Our findings add to the existing literature by having investigated this relationship in older African American adults. Future studies should explore how various coping styles in men affect how they handle stressors, including discriminatory events. Studies should also investigate sex differences regarding how men and women process their thoughts and emotions through coping methods and seeking out social support.Everyday Discrimination, Gender Differences in Major Lifetime Discrimination,...
Everyday Discrimination, Gender Differences in Major Lifetime Discrimination,...Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Majd Yahya
Graduate co-author: Cameron Davidson
Opioid addiction is a prominent issue that impacts many people across the world. Several studies detail opioid addiction patterns; however, few studies have investigated long-term cognitive effects of fentanyl following its abstinence. This study explores this shortcoming utilizing a chronic escalating dose of fentanyl model.
Male and female Wistar rats had three daily subcutaneous injections (3h intertrial-interval) of either saline (control), low- or high-dose fentanyl, over 12 days. Following saline or fentanyl exposure, rats were subjected to a nine-day abstinence period followed by a five-day Barnes maze assay. The Barnes maze is a circular platform containing 20 uniformly spaced holes along its edge, with only one hole containing a hidden box. Latency and distance traveled to enter the box were measured. All animals experienced two trials per day. Day one consisted of an acquisition phase where rats explored the maze and were guided to the hidden zone if they did not enter it themselves. Days two through five utilized aversive stimuli (120-watt light and 80 dB white noise) which were terminated once rats entered the goal box.
Results demonstrated that the high-dose fentanyl rats took significantly longer time to reach the hidden zone on day one in comparison to saline- or low-exposed rats, however, this varied by sex. This data suggests that initial exploratory behavior was subtly impacted by our exposure paradigm, but this effect was transitory. Analyses of collected brain tissue assessing neurochemical differences are to be conducted. Future investigations parsing the cognitive impact of synthetic, semi-synthetic, and organic opioids are planned.Chronic Escalating Fentanyl Administration Induces Differences in Initial Cog...
Chronic Escalating Fentanyl Administration Induces Differences in Initial Cog...Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Rahi Shah
Graduate co-author: Deniz Sifoglu
Insulin signaling plays multiple roles in animal homeostasis. For example, it regulates development, metabolism, immunity and animal survival. Because of its importance in animal physiology, it is crucial that insulin signaling is neither overactive nor underactive during the course of an animal's lifespan.
We have previously proposed that the neuropeptide neuromedin U receptor NMUR-1 ensures the homeostasis of insulin signaling itself. To elucidate how NMUR-1 maintains the levels of insulin signaling, we are testing whether NMUR-1 regulates the expression of different insulin-like peptides (ILPs). Currently, it remains controversial that the Drosophila and mammalian neuromedin U receptors inhibit insulin signaling.
Thus, our studies might resolve the contradictory data present in the current literature. Instead of simply acting as an inhibitor, NMUR-1 might modulate the neuronal expression of different ILPs that can act as agonists or antagonists of the insulin receptor in response to specific environmental cues.The Neuropeptide Neuromedin U Receptor NMUR-1 Maintains Insulin Signaling Hom...
The Neuropeptide Neuromedin U Receptor NMUR-1 Maintains Insulin Signaling Hom...Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Mohammed Sarray and Malik Jawad
The CDC reports that brain injury is a major cause of death and disability in the United States. Hypoxia that is common following brain injury results in worse outcomes. Visual deficits are frequent in people with brain injury and the occurrence of visual problems after brain injury is often underestimated. Our goal is to determine the extent of functional visual deficits in a rat model of traumatic brain and hypoxia.
Adult inbred Lewis RNU (n=7) were tested before and after the brain injury and hypoxia. The Marmarou brain injury model was used followed by 30 minutes of hypoxia. Rats are evaluated weekly using the following tests: Landing Foot Splay, Object Recognition, and Visual Cliff. In the Landing Foot Splay, the rat is dropped one foot after staining footpads with dye and distance between the hind paws is measured. For the Object Recognition Test, the rat is placed in a container with 4 objects. Later one of the objects is replaced by an unfamiliar object.
A normal rat will spend more time with the novel object. In the Visual Cliff Test, rats are placed on clear stage and given the option to leave the stage with a small drop or an illusory large cliff with a checkerboard pattern. Normal rats avoid the large cliff. All rats survived the head injury and hypoxia. The distance between hind paws in Landing Foot Splay increased by 28-49% in seven weeks after injury in all rats. The time that the rats took to recognize the novel object increased from 26 to 77% in all rats in the seven weeks after injury.
In the Visual Cliff test, deficits were prominent in the first week after injury. This project sets the stage for our next study in which olfactory stem cells delivered intranasally are evaluated as a treatment for the visual deficits.Traumatic Brain Injury and Hypoxia Produces Long-term Visual Deficits in Rats
Traumatic Brain Injury and Hypoxia Produces Long-term Visual Deficits in RatsWayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Emily Elizondo
Young stellar objects are often surrounded by gas and dust that has been left over from the initial formation of the star. This environment can become a breeding ground for planetary formation, as the gas and dust will evolve into the planetary systems that we see today. One way to directly study the building blocks of planets is to search for eclipses of young stars by their circumstellar material.
Using the list of pre-main-sequence stars from Zari et al. 2018, we analyzed the light curves of these targets from the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) survey. This project aims to find eclipses of young stars by their circumstellar disk or some other component (secondary circumstellar disk, larger dust clump), and measure the rotation periods of this sample. We created vetting pages for the 1250 targets in this sample and then visually inspected every page looking for large (>10%) dimming events that lasted anywhere from weeks to months, consistent with an extended source eclipsing the system.
From this effort, we identified a 200-day-long 85% deep eclipse of the known young star system V773 Tau. We will present our search for eclipses of young stars and rotation periods, and discuss the current interpretation of the V773 Tau eclipse.Searching for Rocks and Rings Around Young Stars.pptx
Searching for Rocks and Rings Around Young Stars.pptxWayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Kristina Simon
Infant mortality rates (IMR) vary considerably among African American (Black) and non-Hispanic White (White) populations. Although the IMR has declined in the past two decades, the racial disparity in IMR continues to persist (Loggins & Andrade, 2014).
A variety of variables can influence IMR and the existing racial gap, and the objective of this paper is to study the effects of one variable, prenatal care (PNC) adequacy. The following paper will assess the influence of PNC adequacy on IMR among Black and White populations. In addition to providing a general analysis of the association between PNC adequacy and IMR, the paper will further focus on this association among Black and White mothers with high-risk pregnancies and evaluate the efficacy of a specific PNC intervention, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program (SSNP) for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). An inclusion and exclusion criteria were employed to select relevant articles for the literature review and filter out irrelevant articles.
The articles were located and collected from two databases, Wayne State University (WSU) Summons and PubMed. Results from 15 scholarly and peer-reviewed journal articles are analyzed, compared, contrasted, and critiqued. The studies indicate that PNC adequacy can serve an important role in predicting IMR among Black and White populations, and SSNP for WIC can help reduce the racial disparity in IMR.The Influence of Prenatal Care Adequacy on Infant Mortality Rate Disparities ...
The Influence of Prenatal Care Adequacy on Infant Mortality Rate Disparities ...Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
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2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Justin Ahrens
Graduate co-author: Maddy Denison
The main goal of this project is to use IrIII complexes to monitor cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity. CYP P450 metabolism determines how quickly drugs are excreted from the body and what kind of dose is required for pharmaceuticals to be effective.
Existing probes for CYPs are non-fluorescent, but when CYPs metabolize them, they are “turned on” and fluoresce. Even though these probes are able to monitor metabolism, once they are metabolized and “turned on” they cannot be reversed or turned off. Therefore, this is no current way to monitor dynamic changes in CYP activity continuously over time.
The Kodanko laboratory is addressing this unmet need by developing IrIII complexes that are reversible sensors of CYP enzymes. A chiral resolution strategy with enantioenriched ligands was used to prepare four analogs of IrIII complexes with different stereochemistry. These complexes were evaluated as emissive sensors in human liver hepatocytes to establish which IrIII complex is the lead compound for sensing CYP in living cells. Results from this multi-disciplinary study will be reported.Iridium (III) Complexes as Sensors for Cytochrome P450 Enzymes
Iridium (III) Complexes as Sensors for Cytochrome P450 EnzymesWayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Hanna Alfasih
This research is about the misuse of analgesics and how they have contributed to the opioid epidemic.Misuse of Analgesics and How They Contribute to the Opioid Epidemic
Misuse of Analgesics and How They Contribute to the Opioid EpidemicWayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Dorian Mersinllari
This PowerPoint shows how can CRNAs better help/ understand their patients? It was a project for my English class and I think it's really good at explaining how nurses should be treating their patients and how it would help their relationship with them. It's a 13-slide PowerPoint that includes a synthesis map and six good sources. I also had to record myself presenting it which includes information outside of what you see on the PowerPoint.How Can CRNAs Better Help/Understand Their Patients?
How Can CRNAs Better Help/Understand Their Patients?Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Vivian Truong
Young adults (18-25) have the highest prevalence (29.4%) of any mental illness and the lowest rate of receiving mental health services (38.9%; NIMH). WSU CAPS provides Wayne State students with an online mental health screening opportunity. The numbers of screenings were of interest for this project.
COVID-19 has been shown to negatively impact students’ social and academic engagement, as a result, screening usage during the pandemic was expected to increase. Additionally, the literature on gender and racial/ethnic disparities in mental health service utilization suggest that screening tools may be used less by men and underrepresented minorities. We also expected gender and racial disparities in use, despite the anonymity provided by online screening.
We examined screening use during the pandemic from 3/15/2020 to 6/15/2021 in comparison with pre-pandemic use from 3/15/2018 to 6/15/2019. It is found that the rate of screening is slightly elevated during the pandemic. Secondly, the rate of screening use among different demographic groups, specifically racial/ethnic groups, and gender groups during the fall of 2020 was explored. Of the 897 screenings that were completed, White completed more than 50% of them. Black students were less likely to be screened (12.2% versus 14.8%, p < .01), as were Hispanic students (3.3% versus 5%, p < .001).
Surprisingly, Asian students were more likely to complete the screening (16% versus 10.2%, p < .001). Students who identified as male were highly underrepresented among those who completed the screenings (17.5% versus 40.7% of students).WSU CAPS Resource: Mental Health Screening Utilization
WSU CAPS Resource: Mental Health Screening UtilizationWayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Shane Tinsley
Introduction: Disease-specific health awareness (HA) campaigns have rapidly developed as an important avenue to improve patient education and ideally outcomes. Our study objective was to understand the impact of urological HA months on engaging public search interests in the United States.
Methods: We utilized Google Trends to examine public health interest in urologic conditions during monthly awareness campaigns over a 17-year period (2004-2021). Relative Search Volume (RSV) during the annual HA campaign months relative to non-health awareness (NHA) campaign months was calculated. Differences between HA-RSV and NHA-RSV months were compared using t-test.
Results: Although small increases in public interest were noted for certain diseases (prostate cancer in November, testicular cancer in April and erectile dysfunction), there was interestingly a comparative decrease in RSV for other diseases (bladder cancer, prostate cancer in September, testicular cancer in November, kidney cancer, benign prostate hyperplasia and male infertility) in their respective HA months; however, none of these differences were statistically significant (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Our study did not find a significant difference in public interest of any urological diseases during their respective HA campaign months. This highlights the critical need for further research to investigate potential improvements in campaign methodology during dedicated HA months to better achieve their goals of increased public health engagement.Are Health Awareness Months Dedicated to Urological Diseases Effective at Inc...
Are Health Awareness Months Dedicated to Urological Diseases Effective at Inc...Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Avery Bacheller
My research abstract explains the importance of adolescent suicide by breaking down statistics, defining the discourse community, citing and explaining sources that help build a good argument for my thesis. All of these combined help me to spread awareness and information regarding adolescent suicide.Adolescent Suicide to School Psychologists
Adolescent Suicide to School PsychologistsWayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Taha Kader
Family physicians are crucial to providing appropriate medical care in rural areas. Family physicians tackle various roles such as maternity and emergency care in these areas. However, there aren't nearly enough family physicians in these areas, and something needs to be done.The Importance of Rural Family Physicians
The Importance of Rural Family PhysiciansWayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Samaah Saifullah
Graduate co-author: Kelsey L. Canada
Automated hippocampal subfield segmentation methods have led to exponential growth in the literature. Although automated segmentation is perfectly reliable, deviations from anatomical definitions are common and weaken their validity.
To address the lack of guidance for quality control (QC) of automated segmentation methods, we developed a taxonomy of errors and two-step protocol for 1) identification and 2) manual correction. Raters examined segmentations from a customized atlas to identify errors in six categories with severity ratings; only major severity errors are manually corrected in order to minimize introducing human error.
The QC procedure was developed and cross-validated with an independent sample on two MRI scanners. Raters had excellent agreement in QC decisions between- and within-raters on all regions, manual corrections introduced less than 3% error and were unrelated to participant demographic.
The feasible and reliable QC procedure allows confident interpretation of hippocampal subfield segmentations, and potential applications to other brain regions.Quality Matters: A Procedure for Valid and Reliable Hippocampal Subfield Segm...
Quality Matters: A Procedure for Valid and Reliable Hippocampal Subfield Segm...Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Neel Patel and Mariana Sierra
The Kristen Rat Sarcoma (KRAS) protein, encoded by the KRAS gene, is a signal transducer that plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation. KRAS mutations have been known to cause lung, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers. Previously, KRAS was considered an “undruggable” target. However, with better understanding of the protein’s biology paired with advanced new technologies, the FDA approved the first KRAS inhibitor (sotorasib) for lung cancer patients with the KRASG12C mutation in 2021, expressing the recent interest of targeted drugs for KRAS.
In clinical trials, sotorasib proved ineffective for pancreatic and colorectal cancers with the G12C mutation. Irrespective of mutant identity, oncogenic KRAS requires activation by the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Son of Sevenless 1 (SOS1), highlighting an exploitable vulnerability with broad therapeutic applicability. The goal of this study is to develop novel pan-KRAS inhibitors by targeting the KRAS-SOS1 interactions through computational modeling. To start, we applied Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulation, an advanced conformational sampling method, to collect the nature of the KRAS protein motion in solution. Then, the clustering analysis method was used to assemble KRAS conformational structures into ten groups for later virtual screening and docking simulations.
We aim to address 20 to 30 compounds to later be experimentally assessed for their (1) ability to disrupt the KRAS-SOS1 interactions and (2) cytotoxicity in KRAS mutation-bearing cell lines. The work will provide insights in the drug efficacy of KRAS inhibitors and give rise to a novel set of KRAS candidates to be used in clinical oncogenic treatments.Identification of Novel Inhibitors Targeting KRAS-SOS1 Interactions by Struct...
Identification of Novel Inhibitors Targeting KRAS-SOS1 Interactions by Struct...Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Basma Adel
Graduate co-author: Jacqueline Rodriguez-Stanley
An individual’s perception of their discriminatory experiences has an important impact on their depressive symptoms. Some studies have shown that higher levels of perceived discrimination led to worse mental health conditions, including depressive symptoms and anxiety. Discrimination is the unfair treatment of an individual by others based on their gender, race, sexual orientation, age, and other factors. Our empirical study investigated the relationship between everyday discrimination, major lifetime discrimination, and depressive symptoms using data from 211 older African American adults in the Health among Older adults Living in Detroit (HOLD) study.
The double disadvantage hypothesis explains that individuals who are disadvantaged in one stratification are disadvantaged in other stratifications including race, gender, and other factors. We implemented this hypothesis in our investigation and found that men reported experiencing more major lifetime discriminatory experiences than women. Study results also revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between everyday discrimination and major discrimination experiences and depressive symptoms. However, gender did not moderate this relationship.
Our findings add to the existing literature by having investigated this relationship in older African American adults. Future studies should explore how various coping styles in men affect how they handle stressors, including discriminatory events. Studies should also investigate sex differences regarding how men and women process their thoughts and emotions through coping methods and seeking out social support.Everyday Discrimination, Gender Differences in Major Lifetime Discrimination,...
Everyday Discrimination, Gender Differences in Major Lifetime Discrimination,...Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Majd Yahya
Graduate co-author: Cameron Davidson
Opioid addiction is a prominent issue that impacts many people across the world. Several studies detail opioid addiction patterns; however, few studies have investigated long-term cognitive effects of fentanyl following its abstinence. This study explores this shortcoming utilizing a chronic escalating dose of fentanyl model.
Male and female Wistar rats had three daily subcutaneous injections (3h intertrial-interval) of either saline (control), low- or high-dose fentanyl, over 12 days. Following saline or fentanyl exposure, rats were subjected to a nine-day abstinence period followed by a five-day Barnes maze assay. The Barnes maze is a circular platform containing 20 uniformly spaced holes along its edge, with only one hole containing a hidden box. Latency and distance traveled to enter the box were measured. All animals experienced two trials per day. Day one consisted of an acquisition phase where rats explored the maze and were guided to the hidden zone if they did not enter it themselves. Days two through five utilized aversive stimuli (120-watt light and 80 dB white noise) which were terminated once rats entered the goal box.
Results demonstrated that the high-dose fentanyl rats took significantly longer time to reach the hidden zone on day one in comparison to saline- or low-exposed rats, however, this varied by sex. This data suggests that initial exploratory behavior was subtly impacted by our exposure paradigm, but this effect was transitory. Analyses of collected brain tissue assessing neurochemical differences are to be conducted. Future investigations parsing the cognitive impact of synthetic, semi-synthetic, and organic opioids are planned.Chronic Escalating Fentanyl Administration Induces Differences in Initial Cog...
Chronic Escalating Fentanyl Administration Induces Differences in Initial Cog...Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Rahi Shah
Graduate co-author: Deniz Sifoglu
Insulin signaling plays multiple roles in animal homeostasis. For example, it regulates development, metabolism, immunity and animal survival. Because of its importance in animal physiology, it is crucial that insulin signaling is neither overactive nor underactive during the course of an animal's lifespan.
We have previously proposed that the neuropeptide neuromedin U receptor NMUR-1 ensures the homeostasis of insulin signaling itself. To elucidate how NMUR-1 maintains the levels of insulin signaling, we are testing whether NMUR-1 regulates the expression of different insulin-like peptides (ILPs). Currently, it remains controversial that the Drosophila and mammalian neuromedin U receptors inhibit insulin signaling.
Thus, our studies might resolve the contradictory data present in the current literature. Instead of simply acting as an inhibitor, NMUR-1 might modulate the neuronal expression of different ILPs that can act as agonists or antagonists of the insulin receptor in response to specific environmental cues.The Neuropeptide Neuromedin U Receptor NMUR-1 Maintains Insulin Signaling Hom...
The Neuropeptide Neuromedin U Receptor NMUR-1 Maintains Insulin Signaling Hom...Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Mohammed Sarray and Malik Jawad
The CDC reports that brain injury is a major cause of death and disability in the United States. Hypoxia that is common following brain injury results in worse outcomes. Visual deficits are frequent in people with brain injury and the occurrence of visual problems after brain injury is often underestimated. Our goal is to determine the extent of functional visual deficits in a rat model of traumatic brain and hypoxia.
Adult inbred Lewis RNU (n=7) were tested before and after the brain injury and hypoxia. The Marmarou brain injury model was used followed by 30 minutes of hypoxia. Rats are evaluated weekly using the following tests: Landing Foot Splay, Object Recognition, and Visual Cliff. In the Landing Foot Splay, the rat is dropped one foot after staining footpads with dye and distance between the hind paws is measured. For the Object Recognition Test, the rat is placed in a container with 4 objects. Later one of the objects is replaced by an unfamiliar object.
A normal rat will spend more time with the novel object. In the Visual Cliff Test, rats are placed on clear stage and given the option to leave the stage with a small drop or an illusory large cliff with a checkerboard pattern. Normal rats avoid the large cliff. All rats survived the head injury and hypoxia. The distance between hind paws in Landing Foot Splay increased by 28-49% in seven weeks after injury in all rats. The time that the rats took to recognize the novel object increased from 26 to 77% in all rats in the seven weeks after injury.
In the Visual Cliff test, deficits were prominent in the first week after injury. This project sets the stage for our next study in which olfactory stem cells delivered intranasally are evaluated as a treatment for the visual deficits.Traumatic Brain Injury and Hypoxia Produces Long-term Visual Deficits in Rats
Traumatic Brain Injury and Hypoxia Produces Long-term Visual Deficits in RatsWayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Emily Elizondo
Young stellar objects are often surrounded by gas and dust that has been left over from the initial formation of the star. This environment can become a breeding ground for planetary formation, as the gas and dust will evolve into the planetary systems that we see today. One way to directly study the building blocks of planets is to search for eclipses of young stars by their circumstellar material.
Using the list of pre-main-sequence stars from Zari et al. 2018, we analyzed the light curves of these targets from the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) survey. This project aims to find eclipses of young stars by their circumstellar disk or some other component (secondary circumstellar disk, larger dust clump), and measure the rotation periods of this sample. We created vetting pages for the 1250 targets in this sample and then visually inspected every page looking for large (>10%) dimming events that lasted anywhere from weeks to months, consistent with an extended source eclipsing the system.
From this effort, we identified a 200-day-long 85% deep eclipse of the known young star system V773 Tau. We will present our search for eclipses of young stars and rotation periods, and discuss the current interpretation of the V773 Tau eclipse.Searching for Rocks and Rings Around Young Stars.pptx
Searching for Rocks and Rings Around Young Stars.pptxWayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Kristina Simon
Infant mortality rates (IMR) vary considerably among African American (Black) and non-Hispanic White (White) populations. Although the IMR has declined in the past two decades, the racial disparity in IMR continues to persist (Loggins & Andrade, 2014).
A variety of variables can influence IMR and the existing racial gap, and the objective of this paper is to study the effects of one variable, prenatal care (PNC) adequacy. The following paper will assess the influence of PNC adequacy on IMR among Black and White populations. In addition to providing a general analysis of the association between PNC adequacy and IMR, the paper will further focus on this association among Black and White mothers with high-risk pregnancies and evaluate the efficacy of a specific PNC intervention, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program (SSNP) for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). An inclusion and exclusion criteria were employed to select relevant articles for the literature review and filter out irrelevant articles.
The articles were located and collected from two databases, Wayne State University (WSU) Summons and PubMed. Results from 15 scholarly and peer-reviewed journal articles are analyzed, compared, contrasted, and critiqued. The studies indicate that PNC adequacy can serve an important role in predicting IMR among Black and White populations, and SSNP for WIC can help reduce the racial disparity in IMR.The Influence of Prenatal Care Adequacy on Infant Mortality Rate Disparities ...
The Influence of Prenatal Care Adequacy on Infant Mortality Rate Disparities ...Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
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Everyday Discrimination, Gender Differences in Major Lifetime Discrimination,...
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Chronic Escalating Fentanyl Administration Induces Differences in Initial Cog...
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The Neuropeptide Neuromedin U Receptor NMUR-1 Maintains Insulin Signaling Hom...
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Traumatic Brain Injury and Hypoxia Produces Long-term Visual Deficits in Rats
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A Transposon Insertion Site Identifies Two Potential Genes That Regulate a Developmental Switch in C. elegans
- 1. A transposon insertion site identifies two potential genes that regulate a developmental switch in C. elegans Kira Jonatzke, Bianca Pereira, and Joy Alcedo Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University
- 2. C. elegans as a model
- 3. C. elegans life cycle and the dauer program - Hall and Altun, 2008
- 4. A Mos1 transposon insertion site produces a dauer phenotype FGT-2 F14E5.8 Mos1 insertion site ttTi5605 FGT-2 = glucose transporter F14E5.8 = unknown function
- 5. **** **** **** A Mos1 transposon insertion site produces a dauer phenotype Percent Dauers **** ****
- 6. Next Steps Determine if FGT-2 and/or F14E5.8 single mutants have a dauer phenotype Determine if FGT-2 and/or F14E5.8 can rescue the ttTi5605 dauer phenotype