Report

Dept.of.ISE , GMIT,Davnagere Page 1
CHAPTER 1
PREAMBLE
Preamble is a preliminary introduction to a state which usually explains its purpose.
The main goal of our project is to design IoT based wireless electronic notice board.
INTRODUCTION
Mobile phones and the related technologies are becoming more ubiquitous. Various
technological areas in the field of Tele-communication as well as Embedded Systems
have come very near to the common people. The people having cell phones are on the
rise. A day will come, somewhere in the future, when the mobiles are referred to in
the same class of Food, clothing and shelter. Improvements in the Networking
technologies have fostered growth of very dense networks. Land line telephones have
been becoming out dated and people now prefer communicating while on the move.
Remote control is the most popular gadget nowadays. Right from the intense
creativity of remotely controlling laser chip makers to the highly destructive remotely
ignitable bombs, from the pins to the planes, remote control is occupying a
omnipresence state and it is also enhancing its scope and domains.
This project satisfies the idea of the wireless communication between a
mobiles and a Raspberry pi module with the help of which we are going to display the
notice on the notice board. We use a Wi-Fi module to send the notice to display on
display. Range of communication is large. Wireless technology has been making
massive progress across few years. The ever increasing use of wireless networks acts
as an indicator of the progress in the area of wireless networks. The demand for
wireless technology is growing not only in industrial applications but also for
domestic applications. Some gains of wireless technology are:
1) Completes the access technology portfolio: customers commonly use more than
one access technology to occupy various parts of their network and during the
migration phase of their networks, when upgrading occurs on a scheduled basis.
Wireless enables a fully pervasive access technology portfolio to work with existing
dials, cables, and DSL technologies.
2) Goes where cable and fibre cannot: the intrinsic nature of wireless means that it
does not require wires or lines to accommodate the data, voice, video. As such,
system will bring the information across geographical areas that are prohibitive in

terms of distance, price, access or time. It also sidesteps the various issues of ILEC
colocation.
3) Involves reduced time to revenue: companies can generate revenue in less time
through the deployment of wireless solutions than with comparable access
technologies because a wireless system can be assembled and brought online in as
little as two to three hours.
Automation is the most frequently spelled term in the field of
electronics. The hunger for automation brought many revolutions in the existing
technologies. This project makes use of an on board computer, which is commonly
termed as Raspberry pi processor. It plays most important role in the project. This
onboard computer can efficiently communicate with the input and output modules
which are being used. The Raspberry Pi is a credit-card-sized single-board computer
invented by the Raspberry Pi Foundation in the UK. The Raspberry Pi has a
Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S700
MHz processor, Video Core IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes
of RAM, later expanded to 512 MB. It does not include a built-in hard disk or solid-
state drive,but uses an SD card for long-term storage and booting purpose.
Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an
operating system, middleware and key applications. Android boasts a healthy array of
connectivity options, including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and wireless data over a cellular
connection (for example, GPRS, EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution),
and 3G). Android provides access to a wide range of useful libraries and tools that can
be used to build rich applications. In addition, Android contains a full set of tools that
have been built from the ground up alongside the platform providing developers with
high productivity and deep insight into their applications.
The main controlling device of the whole system is a Raspberry pi processor. Wi-Fi
modem and buzzer are interfaced to Raspberry pi processor. The message sent
through predefined application from user Android mobile phone is received by the
Wi-Fi modem. Wi-Fi modem feds this information to Raspberry Pi processor which
process it and displays it on the LCD display. Also, the Raspberry pi processor horns
a buzzer for every new message. To perform this intelligent task, Raspberry pi
processor is loaded with an intelligent program written using Linux.

1.1EXISTING TECHNOLOGY
In the current scenario the notice/advertisement boards are being managed
manually.This is a time consuming task to put up notices on the notice board. This
wastes a lot of resources like paper, printer ink, man power and also brings about loss
of time.
Limitations of existing system
a) Time consuming
b) Difficult to maintain
c) Temporary
d) Man power
e) Wastage of resources like paper, ink.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
“To design and develop a IoT Based Wireless Electronic Notice Board “.
1.3 SOLUTION
We have proposed an automatic, self enabled highly reliable electronic notice board.
A display connected to a server system should continuously listen for the incoming
calls from client or user process it and display it on LCD screen. Message displayed
should be updated every time the user sends new data. Only authenticated people
should be able to access the server. User should get an update every time the data is
displayed on the monitor.
1.4OBJECTIVE
Objectives of the proposed system are as follows:
 To develop a wireless notice board that display message sent from the user
through android phone and display notice in a particular manner with respect
to date and time.
 Using a LCD monitor based message display controlled from an Android
mobile phone. The proposing system makes use of wireless technology to
communicate from Android phone to LCD display board. The system has a
provision for giving message through text.

 Users can also send messages in the form of documents, videos, images.
 Users can also set the time period for how long the message has to be
displayed.
1.5 ADVANTAGES
1. It has remote application achieved by any smart phone or tablets.
2. This project reduces Human work for maintaining the Notice Board.
3. It also saves the printing as well as paper costs.
4. Because of Wi-Fi access password will only be known to the user such as Principal,
HOD or Head Person, It is Confidential and reliable.
5. Due to the use of Wi-Fi system which is the fastest usage of internet, it will give
high performance and it will be cost effective.
LIMITATIONS
1. The main Dis-advantage of this system is that it require power supply which is
absent in Traditional Notice board.
2. As the Android application is command centre of the notice board and this
application is built in Android OS platform. This app will not support other OS
such as iOS , windows ,blackberry, etc.

CHAPTER 2
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
User Requirements:
The primary requirements are:
 Android device with compatible 4.4 IceCreamSandwicth OS or higher.
 PC with 1 GB RAM and 10 HDD.
 Android studio and JRE enable PC.
Design constraints:
For the process of establishing the services, the system should provide the
constraints under which it must operate, is called requirement engineering. The
requirement may be a functional requirement that is it describes a system service or
function, or it may be a non-functional requirement. Requirement engineering
provides the appropriate mechanism for understanding what the customer want
analysing need, assessing feasibility, negotiating a reasonable solution unambiguously,
validating the specification and managing the requirement as they are transformed into
an operation.
Feasibility Study:
In feasibility study an estimate is made of whether the identified user needs may be
satisfied using current software and hardware techniques. The study will decide if the
proposed system will be cost effective from a business point of view, and if it can be
whether to go ahead with a more detailed analysis.
Feasibility Consideration:
Three key consideration are involved in the feasibility analysis, economic,
technical, and behavioural.
a) Economic Feasibility:
Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the
effectiveness of an agent system. More commonly known as cost benefit analysis, the
procedure is to determine the benefits and saving are expected from an agent system

and compared them with costs. The benefits outweigh costs, the decision is made to
design and implement the system. Otherwise further justification and alternation in the
proposed system have to be made Digital notice board is easy and good to use.
b) Technical Feasibility:
Digital notice board works when all the classes is executed to have an Android system,
Digital notice board software installed in it.
c) Behaviour Feasibility:
In behavioural feasibility, an estimate be made of how strong a reaction the user staff
is likely to have towards the new system. A hard disk of minimum 10GB is also
recommended.
2.2 System Design
2.2.1 Input Design
Input design is the process of converting user-originated input to a computer-
based format. The goal of designing input data is to make data entry as easy, logical
send free from errors. Input data are collected and organized into groups of similar
data. Appropriate input media are selected for processing. The project requires a set of
information from the user to prepare a report. In order to prepare a report, organized
input data are needed.
Input design is one of the most expensive phases of the operation of
computerized system and is often the major problem of a system. Inaccurate input data
are the most common cause of error in data processing. Errors entered by data entry
operators can be controlled by input design.
The objective of input design:
 To produce a cost effective method of input
 To make the input forms understandable to the user
 To ensure the validation of the data input
 To achieve the highest possible level of accuracy.
The various activities to be performed for the overall input process are:

 Data recording at its own
 Data transfer to in out form
 Data conversion to computer accessible mode
 Data validation
 Data flow control
2.2.2 Output Design
In Output design, the emphasis is on displaying the output design generally
refers to the results generated by the system. Computer output is the most important
and direct source of information to the user. Efficient, intelligent output design should
improve system relationships with the user and help in decision making.
For many end-users, output is the main reason for developing the system and
the basis on which they evaluate the usefulness of the application. Print outs should be
designed around the output requirements of the user. One of the most important
reasons, which tempt the user to go for a new system, is the output. Outputs also
provide a means of storage by copying the results for later reference in consultation.
There is a chance that some of the end-users will not actually the input data or
information.
Outputs of a system can take various forms. The most common are reports,
screen displays, printed forms, graphical drawings etc. Two phases of output design
are:
 Output Definition
 Output Specification
The outputs generated by the system are often to be the criterion for evaluating
the system usefulness and resourcefulness. The outputs of a system are the
justification for its existence. If the outputs are inadequate in any way, the system
itself is inadequate. The basic requirements of output is that it should be accurate,
timely and appropriate in terms of content, medium and layout for its intended
purpose. Hence it is necessary to design outputs so that the objectives of the system
are attained.

The output of the project is provide very effective and user-understandable
formatted in form of the pictorial representation such as graphs and alert such as pop-
ups and textual information of all the agents which are being managed under the
server.
2.3 Database design
Database design is the process of producing a detailed data model of database. This
data model contains all the needed logical and physical design choices and physical
storage parameters needed to generate a design in a data definition language, which
can then be used to create a database. A fully attributed data model contains detailed
attributes for each entity.
The term database design can be used to describe many different parts of the design of
an overall database system. Principally, and most correctly, it can be thought of as the
logical design of the base data structures used to store the data. In the relational
model these are the tables and views. In an object database the entities and
relationships map directly to object classes and named relationships. However, the
term database design could also be used to apply to the overall process of designing,
not just the base data structures, but also the forms and queries used as part of the
overall database application within the database management system (DBMS).[1]
The process of doing database design generally consists of a number of steps which
will be carried out by the database designer. Usually, the designer must:
 Determine the data to be stored in the database.
 Determine the relationships between the different data elements.
 Superimpose a logical structure upon the data on the basis of these
relationships.[2]
Within the relational model the final step above can generally be broken down into
two further steps, that of determining the grouping of information within the system,
generally determining what are the basic objects about which information is being
stored, and then determining the relationships between these groups of information, or
objects. This step is not necessary with an Object database.[2]

Here are the steps in the database design process. Each step is discussed in greater
detail in related topics.
1. Determine the purpose of your database Knowing the purpose will help
you decide which facts you want Visual FoxPro to store. For more
information, see Analysis of Data Requirements.
2. Determine the tables you need When you have a clear purpose for your
database, you can divide your information into separate subjects, such as
"Employees" or "Orders." Each subject will be a table in your database. For
more information, see Organization of Requirements into Tables
3. Determine the fields you need Decide what information you want to keep in
each table. Each category of information in a table is called a field and is
displayed as a column when you browse the table. For example, one field in an
Employee table could be Last_name; another could be Hire_date. For more
information, see Determination of the Fields You Need
4. Determine the relationships Look at each table and decide how the data in
one table is related to the data in other tables. Add fields to tables or create
new tables to clarify the relationships, as necessary. For more information,
see Identification of Relationships
5. Refine your design Analyze your design for errors. Create the tables and add
a few records of sample data. See if you can get the results you want from
your tables. Make adjustments to the design as needed. For more information,
see Refinement of the Design.
2.4 Database connection control and strings
1.Database connection control: It is a feature which prevents users from connecting to
a database. This feature is also called passive shutdown because when connection
control is involved, users who are currently connective to the database remain
unaffected until they disconnect.
2.Connection String: It is astring that specifies information about a data source and
the means of connecting to it.It is passed in code to an underlying driver or provider
in order to initiate a connection.

Example of MySQL Connection String
Server = localhost:Database=uploads;Uid=root;Pwd=raspberrypi3
The Database used at the backend is MySQL database webserver Apache ,Sever side
Scripting language is used is php. Database used at back end server has following
table. 2.4.1
The first field is id it is a Primary key which is auto incremented and stores the id of
each notice sent by the admin. Second is the image field which stores the path of
the image sent by the admin. Third is the name field which stores the text of the
notice.
2.6 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure 2.6.1: Block diagram of system

RASPBERRY PI
The Raspberry pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed in
the UK by the Raspberry pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching
of basic computer science in schools and third world countries. The original
Raspberry pi and Raspberry pi 2 are manufactured in several board configurations
through licensed manufacturing agreements with Newark element 14 (Premier
Farnell), RS Raspberry pi logo Components and Egoman. These companies sell the
Raspberry Pi online. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers. The original
Raspberry pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which
includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor ,Video Core IV GPU, and was
originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded (models B and B+) to
512 MB. The system has Secure Digital (SD) (models A and B) or MicroSD (models
A+ and B+) sockets for boot media and persistent storage.
In 2014, the Raspberry pi Foundation launched the Compute Module, which
packages a BCM2835 with 512 MB RAM and an eMMC flash chip into a module for
use as a part of embedded systems.
The Foundation provides Debian and Arch Linux ARM distributions for
download. Tools are available for Python as the main programming language, with
support for BBC BASIC (via the RISC OS image or the Brandy Basic clone for
Linux), C, C++, Java, Perl and Ruby.
In early February 2015, the next-generation Raspberry Pi, Raspberry Pi 2, was
released. The new computer board is initially available only in one configuration
(model B) and features a Broadcom BCM2836 SoC, with a quad-core ARM Cortex-
A7 CPU and a Video Core IV dual-core GPU; 1 GB of RAM with remaining
specifications being similar to those of the previous generation model B+.
PROCESSOR
The SoC used in the first generation Raspberry Pi is somewhat equivalent to the chip
used in older smartphones (such as iPhone / 3G / 3GS). The Raspberry Pi is based on
the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an 700 MHz
ARM1176JZF-S processor, Video Core IV GPU, and RAM. It has a Level 1 cache of
16 KB and a Level 2 cache of 128 KB.
The Level 2 cache is used primarily by the GPU. The SoC is stacked
underneath the RAM chip, so only its edge is visible.
ANDROID APPLICATION

Android application is an application built in the android platform. All smart phone
most widely uses the android application(apps). The android applications built in
JAVA language. A signal is generated on clicking a specific buttons on the android
application which allows the raspberry pi to display the notice according to message.
Here, Android application being the command center of the notice board. The
instruction is passed to the notice board through android java and Raspberry Pi.A
software development kit (SDK ) is typically a set of software development tools that
allows the creation of applications for a certain software package, software
framework, hardware platform, computer system, video game console, operating
system, or similar development platform. It may be something as simple as the
implementation of one or more application programming interfaces (APIs) in the form
of some libraries to interface to a particular programming language or to include
sophisticated hardware that can communicate with a particular embedded. A typical
Android app is designed for a smartphone even for a tablet PC running on the
Android OS. Android apps are written in the Java programming language and use
Java core libraries.
WI-FI MODULE
Wi-Fi is a high performance, cost effective WLAN USB module which connects the
raspberry-pi low cost computer, to a Wi-Fi local area network. Wi-pi uses the latest
802.11n wireless technology, and can support data rates up to 150Mb/s, compared
with the older 54 Mb/s 11g products. It also benefits from a higher wireless LAN
bandwidth, making data transmission more efficient.
LCD DISPLAY
We use LCD Monitor as display. LCD is used in a project to visualize the output of
the application. LCD can also be used in a project to check the output of different
modules interfaced with the Raspberry pi module. Thus, LCD plays a vital role in a
project to see the output.
POWER SUPPLY
This project uses regulated 5V, 500mA power supply. 7805 three terminal voltage
regulator is used for voltage Regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to
rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer.

2.7 WORKING
1. User Login:
This login module is similar to whats app login screen. So the unique identifier
for each user will be their phone numbers. Name This will accept and store the users
first name. Last Name This will accept and store the users last name. Phone Number
This will accept and store the users phone number. Branch Name-This will accept and
store the user‟s Branch Year-This will accept and store the current year.
2. Notice Post:
Here the administrator types the notice which is to be displayed on Notice
Board. He then selects the Branch,Year and posts the notice.This message is typed
through his/her android phone, the message is then transferred wirelessly and
displayed on the screen. We also use a Bluetooth receiver to get the android
transmitted messages, decode them and send them to the controller for further
processing. The microcontroller then displays the message on the LCD screen.
3. Notice display on notice board:
The message is fetched by the microcontroller is further displayed on an
digital notice board. The digital notice board is equipped with LCD display.

2.8 SYSTEM FLOWCHART
Client Side
User can send the Text through raspberry pi using android application. If user is not
authenticated the he will not send the text. Only authorized user send the text.
Incoming message from
android mobile by pinging
IP address of Raspberry Pi
Get text message sent by the
Admin(HoD) on Raspberry PI
server
Update the content of text file
for any modification in text
message
Display the updated content of the
textfile on LCD Screen with time
constraint

Server side

a) Raspberry Pi
The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed
in England, United Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intent to
promote the teaching of basic computer science in schools and developing countries.
Figure 2.8.2:Raspberry Pi
Raspberry Pi and Android phone talks to each other via router. Router allots a IP
address to Raspberry Pi and TCP IP Server is established which continuously listens
for incoming client connection.
Android Phone connects to server IP address and port and when the connection is
established the data is transmitted from client to server.
The messages received by server is then displayed on LCD monitor interfaced to
Raspberry Pi over HDMI
SD card consist of OS (Raspbian) and also used to store other data. A wifi adaptor is
used which is connected to raspberry Pi over USB.
Features of Raspberry Pi2
• Broadcom BCM2836 Arm7 Quad Core Processor powered Single Board
Computer running at 900MHz

• 1GB RAM which can run bigger and powerful program.
• 40 pin extended GPIO.
• 4 x USB 2 ports
• 4 pole Stereo output and Composite video port.
• Full size HDMI- stream and watch HD videos.
• DSI display port for connecting the Raspberry Pi touch screen display.
• Micro SD port for loading your operating system and storing data
• Micro USB power source.
• Supports Raspbian (Debian based) Operating System.
• 10/100 Ethernet Port to quickly connect the Raspberry Pi to the Internet
b) VGA cable
Figure 2.8.3 VGA cable
Video Graphics Array (VGA) is the display hardware first introduced with the IBM
PS/2 line of computers in 1987.[1]
Through widespread adoption, the term has also
come to mean either an analog computer display standard, the 15-pin D-
subminiatureVGA connector, or the 640×480 resolution characteristic of the VGA
hardware.

VGA was the last IBM graphics standard to which the majority of PC
clone manufacturers conformed, making it the lowest common denominator that
virtually all post-1990 PC graphics hardware can be expected to implement. It was
officially followed by IBM's Extended Graphics Array (XGA) standard, but was
effectively superseded by numerous slightly different extensions to VGA made
by clone manufacturers, collectively known as Super VGA.
Today, the VGA analog interface is used for high definition video, including
resolutions of 1080p and higher. While the transmission bandwidth of VGA is high
enough to support even higher resolution playback, there can be picture quality
degradation depending on cable quality and length. How discernible this degradation
is depends on the individual's eyesight and the display, though it is more noticeable
when switching to and from digital inputs like HDMI or DVI.
c) LCD Monitor
Figure 2.8.4 LCD Monitor
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically
modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals.
Liquid crystals do not emit light directly, instead using a backlight or reflector to
produce images in color or monochrome. LCDs are available to display arbitrary
images (as in a general-purpose computer display) or fixed images with low

information content, which can be displayed or hidden, such as preset words, digits,
and 7-segment displays, as in a digital clock. They use the same basic technology,
except that arbitrary images are made up of a large number of small pixels, while
other displays have larger elements.
LCDs are used in a wide range of applications including computer
monitors, televisions, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, and indoor and
outdoor signage. Small LCD screens are common in portable consumer devices such
as digital cameras, watches, calculators, and telephones including smartphones. LCD
screens are also used on consumer electronics products such as DVD players, video
game devices and clocks. LCD screens have replaced heavy, bulky cathode ray
tube (CRT) displays in nearly all applications. LCD screens are available in a wider
range of screen sizes than CRT and plasma displays, with LCD screens available in
sizes ranging from tiny digital watches to huge, big-screen television sets.
d) 16GB Memory Card
Figure 2.8.5:16GB Memory Card
A memory card, flash card or memory cartridge is an electronic flash memory data
storage device used for storing digital information. These are commonly used in
portable electronic devices, such as digital cameras ,mobile phones, laptop
computers, tablets, PDAs synthesizers, electronic keyboards, and digital pianos.

e) Android Studio
Figure 2.8.6:Android Studio 2.2.3
Android Studio is the official integrated development environment (IDE) for
the Android platform. It was announced on May 16, 2013 at the Google
I/O conference.
Android Studio was in early access preview stage starting from version 0.1 in
May 2013, then entered beta stage starting from version 0.8 which was released in
June 2014.[6]
The first stable build was released in December 2014, starting from
version 1.0.[7]
Based on JetBrains' IntelliJ IDEA software, Android Studio is designed
specifically for Android development. It is available for download
on Windows, macOS and Linux, and replaced Eclipse Android Development
Tools (ADT) as Google's primary IDE for native Android application
development.
f) PHP
Figure 2.8.7:php

PHP is a server-side scripting language designed primarily for web development but
also used as a general-purpose programming language. Originally created by Rasmus
Lerdorf in 1994, the PHP reference implementation is now produced by The PHP
Development Team. PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page, but it now stands
for the recursive acronym PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor.
PHP code may be embedded into HTML or HTML5 markup, or it can be used
in combination with various web template systems, web content management
systems and web frameworks. PHP code is usually processed by a
PHP interpreter implemented as a module in the web server or as a Common Gateway
Interface (CGI) executable. The web server software combines the results of the
interpreted and executed PHP code, which may be any type of data, including images,
with the generated web page. PHP code may also be executed with a command-line
interface (CLI) and can be used to implement standalone graphical applications.
g) Raspbian Jessie
Figure 2.8.8:Raspbian Jessie
Raspbian is a Debian-based computer operating system for Raspberry Pi. It is now
officially provided by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, as the primary operating system
for the family of Raspberry Pi single-board computers. Raspbian was created by Mike
Thompson and Peter Green as an independent project. The initial build was completed

in June 2012. The operating system is still under active development. Raspbian is
highly optimized for the Raspberry Pi line's low-performance ARM CPUs.
Raspbian uses PIXEL, Pi Improved Xwindows Environment, Lightweight as its main
desktop environment as of the latest update. It is composed of a
modified LXDE desktop environment and the Openbox stacking window manager
with a new theme and few other changes. The distribution is shipped with a copy of
computer algebra program Mathematica and a version of Minecraft called Minecraft
Pi as well as a lightweight version of Chromium as of the latest version.

CHAPTER 3
BRIEF HISTORY
It is a long process to put up notices on the notice board. This wastes a lot of
resources like paper, printer ink, man power and also loss of time. In this paper we
have proposed a system which will enable people to wirelessly transmit notices on
notice board using wi-fi. Here we have proposed a system by which only
authenticated person can handle the notice board. It require less time due to fast data
transmission through wi-fi. Less cost and save the resources like paper.
3.1 Introduction to Android:
Android is a mobile operating system (OS) based on the Linux kernel and
currently developed by Google. With a user interface based on direct manipulation,
Android is designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones
and tablet computers, with specialized user interface for televisions (Android TV),
cars (Android Auto), and wrist watches (Android Wear). The OS uses touch inputs
that loosely correspond to real-world actions, like swiping, tapping, pinching, and
reverse pinching to manipulate on-screen objects, and a virtual keyboard. Despite
being primarily designed for touchscreen input, it also has been used in game
consoles, digital cameras, regular PCs (e.g. the HP Slate 21) and other electronics
Android‟s source code is released by Google under open source licenses,
although most Android devices ultimately ship with a combination of open source and
proprietary software, including proprietary software developed and licensed by
Google. Initially developed by Android, Inc., which Google backed financially and
layer bought in 2005, Android was unveiled in 2007 along with the founding of the
Open Handset Alliance-a consortium of hardware, software, and telecommunication
companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices.
Android is popular with technology companies which require a ready-made,
low cost and customizable operating system for high devices. Android‟s open nature
has encouraged a large community-driven projects, which add new features for
advanced users or being Android to devices which were officially, released running
other operating systems. The operating system‟s success has made it a target for patent
litigation as part of the so-called “smartphone wars” between technology companies.

Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California in October 2003 by Andy
Rubin (co-founder of Danger), Rich Miner (co-founder of Wildlife
Communications, Inc.), Nick Sears (once VP at T-Mobile), and Chris White (headed
design and interface development at WebTV) to develop, in Rubin‟s words, “smarter
mobile devices that are more aware of its owner‟s location and preferences.”
Charts in this section provide breakdowns of Android versions, based on the
devices accessing the Play Store in seven-day period ending on March 2, 2015.
Therefore, these statistics exclude Android forks that do not access Google Play, such
as Amazon‟s Fire tablets.
Version Code name Release date
API
level
Distribution
First devices to run
version
7.1
Nougat
October 4, 2016 25 0.4% Pixel, Pixel XL
7.0 August 22, 2016 24 2.4%
Nexus 5X, Nexus 6P
6.0 Marshmallow October 5, 2015 23 31.3%
5.1
Lollipop
March 9, 2015 22 23.1% Android One
5.0 November 3, 2014 21 9.4% Nexus 6
4.4 KitKat October 31, 2013 19 20.8% Nexus 5
4.3 Jelly Bean July 24, 2013 18 1.5% Nexus 7 2013

Version Code name Release date
API
level
Distribution
First devices to run
version
4.2 Jelly Bean November 13, 2012 17 5.4% Nexus 4, Nexus 10
4.1 Jelly Bean July 9, 2012 16 3.7% Nexus 7
4.0 Ice cream, sandwich December 16, 2011 15 1.0% Galaxy Nexus
2.3 Gingerbread February 9, 2011 10 1.0% Nexus S
Android has an active community of developers and enthusiasts who use the
Android Open Source Project (AOSP) source code to develop and distribute their own
modified versions of the operating system. These community-developed releases often
bring new features and updates to devices faster than through the official
manufacturer/carrier channels, albeit without as extensive testing or quality assurance;
provide continued support for older devices that no longer receive official updates; or
being Android to devices that were officially released running other operating
systems, such as the HP Touched. Community releases often come pre-rooted and
contain modifications unsuitable for non-technical users, such as the ability to
overlook or over/under volt the device‟s processor. Cyanogen Mod is the most widely
used community firmware, and as a foundation for numerous others.
3.2 Android Studio:
Android Studio is a free integrated development environment (IDE)
from Google and official development environment forAndroid . Android Studio is
based on the IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition . It replaces, among other things,
the Android Developer Tool (ADT) for Eclipse , which has not received any official
support since late 2015.

Android Studio was announced on 16 May 2013 by Google's product manager
Ellie Powers at the developer conference Google I / O. Shortly after that, Google
provided new test versions at regular intervals.
After a development period of two years, Google released version 1.0
for Windows , macOS and Linux on December 8, 2014.
Android Studio has been based on IntelliJ IDEA 14 since the Alpha version 1.2
Preview 1, which was released on March 10, 2015.
With the preview version 1.3 of May 28, 2015, the SDK Manager has been
completely integrated into Android Studio, and the support for the Android NDK
(Native Development Kit) is now available. In the final version 1.3 the Android
memory viewer and an allocation tracker were integrated. From this version, it is also
possible to use inline annotations for the new app permissions of Android M as well as
DataBinding.
Since the Android Studio Preview version 2.0, the Instant Run feature is
available, allowing developers to modify modified code and resources directly on the
device within the running app.
Android Studio is compatible with Microsoft Windows 7/8/10 (32 or 64bit),
from Mac OS X 10.and Gnome , KDE or Unity on Ubuntu or Fedora.
System requirements:
 At least 3GB of RAM, 8GB recommended; Plus 1GB for the Android emulator.
 At least 2GB free space, 4GB recommended (500MB for IDE,1.5GB for android
SDK and emulators).
 At least 1280*800 pixels screen resolution.
 For accelerated emulator: 64-bit operating system and Intel processor with Intel
VT-x, Intel EM64T(Intel 64),and Execute Disable(XD)bit functionality.
3.3 Introduction to Java:
Android applications are developed using the Java language. As of now developed long
after C and C++, Java incorporates many of the powerful

features of those powerful languages while addressing some of their
drawbacks. Still, programming languages are only powerful as their libraries. These
libraries exist to help developers build applications.
Some of the Java‟s important core features are:
 It‟s easy to learn and understand.
 It‟s designed to be platform-independent and secure, using
virtual machine.
 It‟s object-oriented.
Android relies heavily on the java fundamentals. The Android SDK includes
many standard Java libraries (data structure libraries, graphics libraries, math libraries,
networking libraries and everything else you could want) as well as special Android
libraries that will help you develop awesome Android applications.
The Java compilers convert your code from human readable Java source file to
something called “BYTECODE” in Java world. These are interpreted by a Java
Virtual Machine, which operates much like a physical CPU, might operate on machine
code, to actually execute the compiled code. Although it might seem like this is
inefficient, much effort has been put into making this process very fast and efficient.
One design goal of Java is portability, which means that programs written for
the Java platform must run similarly on any combination of hardware and operating
system with adequate runtime support. This is achieved by compiling the Java
language code to an intermediate representation called Java byte code, actually
execute the compiled code. Although it might seem like this is inefficient, much effort
has been put into making this process very fast and efficient.
One design goal of Java is portability, which means that programs written for
the Java platform must run similarly on any combination of hardware and operating
system with adequate runtime support. This is achieved by compiling the Java
language code to intermediate representation called Java byte code, instead of directly
to architecture specific machine code. Java byte code instructions are analogous to
machine code, but they are intended to be executed by virtual machine (VM) written

specifically for the host hardware. End users commonly use a Java Runtime
Environment (JRE) installed on their own machine for standalone Java applications, or
in a web browser for Java applets.
These efforts have paid off in that Java performance in generally second only to
C/C++ in common language performance comparisons.
Android applications run in a special virtual machine called the Dalvik VM.
While the details of this VM are unimportant to the average developer, it can be
helpful to think of the Dalvik VM as a bubble in which your Android application runs,
allowing you to not have to worry about whether the device is a Motorola Droid, an
HTC Evo, or latest toaster running Android. You don‟t care so long as the device is
Dalvik VM friendly- and that‟s the device manufacture‟s job to implement, not yours.
3.4 Introduction to PHP
PHP is a server-side scripting language designed primarily for web
development but also used as a general-purpose programming language. Originally
created by RasmusLerdorf in 1994, the PHP reference implementation is now
produced by The PHP Development Team. PHP originally stood for Personal Home
Page, but it now stands for the recursive acronym PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor.
PHP code may be embedded into HTML or HTML5 code, or it can be used in
combination with various web template systems, web content management
Interface (CGI) executable. The web server combines the results of the interpreted and
executed PHP code, which may be any type of data, including images, with the
generated web page. PHP code may also be executed with a command-line
The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend Engine, is free
software released under the PHP License. PHP has been widely ported and can be
deployed on most web servers on almost every operating system and platform, free of
charge.

The PHP language evolved without a written formal specification or standard
until 2014, leaving the canonical PHP interpreter as a de facto standard. Since 2014
work has gone on to create a formal PHP specification.
The PHP interpreter only executes PHP code within its delimiters. Anything
outside its delimiters is not processed by PHP, although non-PHP text is still subject
to control structures described in PHP code. The most common delimiters
are <?php to open and ?> to close PHP sections. The shortened form <? also exists.
This short delimiter makes script files less portable, since support for them can be
disabled in the local PHP configuration and it is therefore discouraged. However, there
is no recommendation against the use of the echo short tag <?= Prior to PHP 5.4.0,
this syntax for echo() only works with the short_open_tag configuration setting
enabled, while for PHP 5.4.0 and later it is always available. The purpose of all these
delimiters is to separate PHP code from non-PHP content, such as JavaScript code or
HTML markup.
3.5 Introduction to MySQL
MySQL (officially pronounced as /maɪ ˌɛskjuːˈɛl/ "My S-Q-L",) is an open-
source relational database management system (RDBMS). Its name is a combination
of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius daughter, and "SQL", the
abbreviation for Structured Query Language. The MySQL development project has
made its source code available under the terms of the GNU General Public License, as
well as under a variety of proprietary agreements. MySQL was owned and sponsored
by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle
Corporation. For proprietary use, several paid editions are available, and offer
additional functionality.
MySQL is a central component of the LAMP open-source web application
software stack (and other "AMP" stacks). LAMP is an acronym for "Linux, Apache,
MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python". Applications that use the My database
include: TYPO3, MODx, Joomla, WordPress, phpBB, MyBB, and Drupal. MySQL is
also used in many high-profile, large-scale websites, including Google (though not for
searches), Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, and YouTube.
MySQL is written in C and C++. Its SQL parser is written in yacc, but it uses a
home-brewed lexical analyzer. MySQL works on many system platforms,

including AIX, BSDi, FreeBSD, HPUX, eComStation, i5/OS, IRIX, Linux, mac
OS, Microsoft Windows, NetBSD, Novell NetWare, OpenBSD, Open
Solaris, OS/2 Warp, QNX, Oracle Solaris, Symbian, SunOS, SCO OpenServer,
SCO UnixWare, Sanos and Tru64. A port of MySQL to OpenVMS also exists.
The MySQL server software itself and the client libraries use dual
licensing distribution. They are offered under GPL version 2, beginning from 28 June
2000 (which in 2009 has been extended with a FLOSS License Exception) or to use a
proprietary license.
can be obtained from the official manual. Free support additionally is
available in different IRC channels and forums. Oracle offers paid support via its
MySQL Enterprise products. They differ in the scope of services and in price.
Additionally, a number of third party organisations exist to provide support and
services, including MariaDB and Percona.
MySQL has received positive reviews, and reviewers noticed it "performs
extremely well in the average case" and that the "developer interfaces are there, and
the documentation (not to mention feedback in the real world via Web sites and the
like) is very, very good". It has also been tested to be a "fast, stable and true multi-
user, multi-threaded sql database server".
Disadvantges of existing system
 Time consuming: Notices has to be printed on paper, later it has to be displayed
over noticeboard which consumes some amount of time.
 Difficult to maintain: Papers can be torned or misplaced.
 Temporary: Papers cannot be maintained for long period of time.
 Man power: Requires man power for printing notice, displaying over
noticeboard.
 Wastage of resources like paper, ink.

CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM METHODOLOGY
MODULATION INSTALLING OS IN RASPBERRY PI
In this chapter we will discuss about installing an operating system on Raspberry Pi.
Raspberry Pi supports more than 15 OS, Raspbian OS is the most popular application
therefore we will are using Raspbian OS in our Project.
4.1 Raspbian
Raspbian is a free operating system based on Debian optimized for the Raspberry Pi
hardware. An operating system is the set of basic programs and utilities that make
your Raspberry Pi run. However, Raspbian provides more than a pure OS: it comes
with over 35,000 packages, pre-compiled software bundled in a nice format for easy
installation on your Raspberry Pi.
The initial build of over 35,000 Raspbian packages, optimized for best performance
on the Raspberry Pi, was completed in June of 2012. However, Raspbian is still under
active development with an emphasis on improving the stability and performance of
as many Debian packages as possible.
4.2 Required Tools
Following are the bare minimum required to install Raspbian OS on raspberry Pi
 An SD card 4GB
 A PC with Windows operating System.
 The Raspbian Wheezy .IMG file.
 Raspberry Pi 2
4.3 Downloading Raspbian
Raspbian Wheezy .IMG file can be downloaded from the official Raspberry Pi
website for free of cost.Visit the following link:
https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/
Under the header “Raspbian „wheezy'”, download either the torrent or direct
download. The torrent has the potential to be faster, but some firewalls may block the
required ports and you may have to use the direct download instead.

Once you have the ZIP file downloaded to your computer, unarchive it. There will be
a single .img file inside. This is the disk image you will flash to the Raspberry Pi‟s SD
card. To install Raspbian, you will need an SD card that has 2 GB of space or more–
this cheap 16 GB Class 10 SD card works great on the Raspberry Pi, and gives you
plenty of room to add media and other programs once Raspbian is installed.
4.4 Flashing SD Card in Windows
The recommended method for flashing an SD for use in a Raspberry Pi is a program
called Win32DiskImager. The latest version can be found at following url
https://launchpad.net/win32-image-writer/+download .
Personally I recommend version 0.5, since the latest version (0.6) has a bug that may
cause your entire hard drive to be flashed instead of the SD card.
Once you‟ve downloaded the Win32DiskImager application and extracted the
ZIP file, download the Raspbian distribution. Once the ZIP file downloads, extract
the .img from the .zip.
In Win32DiskImager, ensure you select the correct drive letter for your SD
card. In my case, the SD card was drive F:/. Yours may be different, so check in
Windows Explorer to make sure you have the correct letter. Do not choose C:, since
that is your main hard drive. Also, select the .img file you extracted from the
Raspbian distribution above using the file picker. Once you have made sure you have
the correct .img file and drive letter for your SD card, click “Write” (not read) to flash
the SD card. This will take less than five minutes on average and you can see the
current progress in the Win32DiskImager window. Once the flash completes, you can
exit the program.

4.5 Setting up Raspberry Pi
Once we have flashed the disk image using the methods above, place the SD card into
your Raspberry Pi, plug in the HDMI monitor, any keyboards and mice, and then the
power cable. Your Raspberry Pi should now begin to boot and you should be able to
see Raspbian on your screen.
Following screen appears on the LCD screen
The Raspberry Pi boots and asks for a user name and password which is pi and
raspberry respectively by default.
4.5 Wi-Fi on Raspberry Pi
Raspberry pi doesn’t have a inbuilt Wi-Fi therefore we have to connect a external Wi-Fi to
our pi to access Raspberry pi wireless. For our project we have used TL-Wn725n Wi-Fi
adapter.

4.5.1 TL-WN725n
Open a LX terminal after the pi boots up and plug in the Wi-Fi adapter in to one of
the USB port of Raspberry Pi
4.5.2 Setting up Wi-Fi through command line
Type the following command on the terminal
 sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
This opens the editor screen of the Wi-Fi configuration file you need to change.

Now enter Wi-Fi ssid and password of your router under the doule quotes wpa-ssid
and wpa-psk respectively. Once the file is edited presss ctrl-X to sve and reboot pi to
connect pi to your router.
To check whether pi is connected to router through Wi-Fi type the following
command on LXterminal
 Ifconfig
Hit enter and you will see a the screen shown below

Now if the connection is successfully established you will see a ip address under
wlan0 i.e inet addr: ip_addr of pi allotted by the router.
If the connection is not established between your pi and router through Wi-Fi then
you will see a screen as shown below

CHAPTER 5
IMPLEMENTATION
We have developed the whole project under three modules which is
based sending on the text and the image to a PHP from android,
updating queries into the database and retrieving image and text from
database. For each module we have worked through certain concepts
to execute our product up to its current output stage.
5.1SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
Software Requirements
Software used Android Studio IDE,JDK
Programming language Android Programming
Server Standalone
Database SQLLite
Platform Android
Operating system Windows 8.1 or latest

Hardware Requirements
Server Client
used Device Personal Computer Android mobile
Storage Capacity 10GB 1GB+
RAM 1GB 512MB
Processor Intel or AMD
Any processor
having 1GHZ or higher
clock rate
5.2 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
Sending Text, Division and Image to PHP through
Android studio
buttonLoadPicture.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setType("image/*");
intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(intent, "Select Picture"),
PICK_IMAGE_REQUEST);
}
}

When the image is selected from gallery, onActivityResult() function
will executes which checks whether image is present or not.
protected void onActivityResult(intrequestCode, intresultCode, Intent
data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (requestCode == PICK_IMAGE_REQUEST &&resultCode ==
RESULT_OK && data != null &&data.getData() != null)
{
Uri filePath = data.getData();
try {
bitmap =
MediaStore.Images.Media.getBitmap(getContentResolver(), filePath);
imgView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
} catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
When the user press “upload” button, setOnClickListener() function is
called and it gets the values from text,div and image fields and
executes it.
sendButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(View v){
String message=msgTextField.getText().toString();
String div = division.getSelectedItem().toString();
final String image = getStringImage(bitmap);
if(message.length()>0 &&div.length()>0 &&image.length()>0)

new sendButton().execute(message,div,image);
}
});
classsendButton extends AsyncTask<String,String,String> {
protected String doInBackground(String... a) {
String message = a[0];
String div = a[1];
String image = a[2];
String urlString = "http://192.168.43.236/project3/post.php";
if (message.length() > 0) {
try {
String data = URLEncoder.encode("data", "UTF-8") + "=" +
URLEncoder.encode(message, "UTF-8") + "&" +
URLEncoder.encode("div", "UTF-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(div,
"UTF-8") + "&" + URLEncoder.encode("image", "UTF-8") + "=" +
URLEncoder.encode(image, "UTF-8");
URL url = new URL(urlString);
HttpURLConnectionurlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)
url.openConnection();
urlConnection.setDoOutput(true);
urlConnection.setChunkedStreamingMode(0);
urlConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
urlConnection.connect();
OutputStreamWriterwr = new
OutputStreamWriter(urlConnection.getOutputStream());
wr.write(data);
wr.flush();
urlConnection.disconnect();

} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
} catch (IOException e) {
} catch (NetworkOnMainThreadException e) {
}
}
return message;
}
protected void onPostExecute(String message)
{
super.onPostExecute(message);
loading.dismiss();
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"uploaded",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).sh
ow();
}
Updating query into database
//Connection to database
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "board2";
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
if ($conn->connect_error)
{

die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
When the connection is made to database the text,division and
image are fetched from androidstudio and stored in their respective
fields.Then the image(with the defaultID) is stored in given image path
and using the update query the text,division and images will be
updated in database.
if($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST')
{
$DefaultId = 6;
$message=$_POST["data"];
$div=$_POST["div"];
$image = $_POST['image'];
$ImagePath ="C:wampwwwproject3image$DefaultId.png";
$ServerURL = "http://www.localhost.com//$ImagePath";
$UpadateSQL = "UPDATE userinfo SET `message` = '$message',`image`
= '$ServerURL' WHERE `div` = $div";
if(mysqli_query($conn, $InsertSQL)){
file_put_contents($ImagePath,base64_decode($image));
}
Fetching texts and image from database and to post it in
browser
There will be three divisions, In first division text is displayed. In
second division image is displayed and in third bulltien text will be
displayed.

//Displaying text in first division
//fetching a row from database using SSELECT query
$sql1 = "SELECT * from userinfo where `div`=1" ;
$result1 = mysqli_query($conn, $sql1) or die(mysqli_error($conn)) ;
if ($rows1 = mysqli_fetch_array($result1))
{
?>
<div style="
width: 66%; height: 379px;border: aqua:82;
box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px #000;position : absolute ;background-image:
url(download.png);">
<h1><b><font style="font-family: cursive;"><?php echo $rows1['1']
?></h1></b></font>
</div>
<?php
}
//Displaying image in second division
{
?>
<div style="

width: 31%; height: 380px;
border: aqua:82;box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px #000;position : absolute
;left : 68%;">
<imgsrc="image/6.png " height="380" width="425"/>
</div>
<?php
}
//Displaying bulletin in third division
//fetching a row from database using SSELECT query
{
?>
<div style="
width: 66%; height: 379px;border: aqua:82;
box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px #000;position : absolute ;background-image:
url(download.png);">
<h1><b><font style="font-family: cursive;"><?php echo $rows1['1']
?></h1></b></font>
</div>
<?php

5.3 Programming Techniques/Skills
1. Java:
Java is a general-purpose computer programming language that is concurrent, class-
based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation
dependencies as possible. It is intended to let application developers "write once, run
anywhere" (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that
support Java without the need for recompilation. Java applications are typically
compiled to byte code that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless
of computer architecture. As of 2016, Java is one of the most popular programming
languages in use, particularly for client-server web applications, with a reported 9
million developers. Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun
Microsystems (which has since been acquired by Oracle Corporation) and released in
1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The language derives
much of its syntax from C and C++, but it has fewer low-level facilities than either of
them.
Some of the java important core features are:
 It is to learn and understand
 It is design to be platform independent and secure using virtual machines
 It is object oriented
There were five primary goals in the creation of the Java language:
1. It must be "simple, object-oriented, and familiar".
2. It must be "robust and secure".
3. It must be "architecture-neutral and portable".
4. It must execute with "high performance".
5. It must be "interpreted, threaded, and dynamic".
2. PHP
PHP is a server-side scripting language designed primarily for web development but
also used as a general-purpose programming language. Originally created by Rasmus
Lerdorf in 1994, the PHP reference implementation is now produced by The PHP

Development Team.[5]
PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page,[4]
but it now
stands for the recursive acronym PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor.
PHP code may be embedded into HTML or HTML5 markup, or it can be used in
combination with various web template systems, web content management
Interface (CGI) executable. The web server software combines the results of the
interpreted and executed PHP code, which may be any type of data, including images,
with the generated web page. PHP code may also be executed with a command-line
3. Extensible Mark-up Language (XML)
XML is a mark-up language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in
a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. The W3C's XML 1.0
Specification and several other related specifications all of them free open standards
define XML.
The design goals of XML emphasize simplicity, generality, and usability across
the Internet. It is a textual data format with strong support via Unicode for
different human languages. Although the design of XML focuses on documents, the
language is widely used for the representation of arbitrary data structures such as
those used in web services.
4. Android development tools
Android SDK
The Android software development kit (SDK) includes a comprehensive set of
development tools. These include a debugger, libraries, a handset emulator based
on QEMU, documentation, sample code, and tutorials. Currently supported
development platforms include computers running Linux (any modern desktop Linux
distribution), Mac OS X 10.5.8 or later, and Windows 7 or later. As of March 2015,
the SDK is not available on Android itself, but software development is possible by
using specialized Android applications.

Android Debug bridge(adb):
The Android Debug Bridge (ADB) is a toolkit included in the Android SDK package.
It consists of both client and server-side programs that communicate with one another.
The ADB is typically accessed through the command-line interface,[15]
although
numerous graphical user interfaces exist to control ADB.
Android developer Tools:
Google provides two integrated development environments(IDE) to develop new
applications .The Android Developer Tools(ADT) are based on the eclipse IDE. ADT
is a set of components(plugins), which extend the eclipse IDE with Android
development capabilities .Google also supports an IDE called android studio for
creating android applications .Both IDEs contain all required functionalities to create
,compile ,debug and deploy android applications.
They also allow the developer to create and start virtual android devices for
testing .Both tools provide specialised editors for android specific files .Most of
android‟s configuration files are based on XML. In this case these editors allow you
to switch between the XML representation of the file and a structured user interface.It
cannot run java class files on android directly
With Android4.4, Google introduce the android runtime(ART) as optional
runtime for android4.4. I t is expected that versions after 4.4 will use ART as default
runtime. ART uses Ahead of time compilation .During the development process of an
application on an android device ,the application code is translated into machine code.
This results in approx 30% larger compile code ,but allows faster executions from the
beginning of the application.

CHAPTER 6
TESTING
6.1 INTRODUCTION TO TESTING
Testing is a very important phase of the project where the performance of the product
implemented is tested. Performance does not mean only optimality and speed. We also
have to test for correctness of the implementation. Any errors in the design and
implementation phase are discovered in this phase and are rectified.
System testing is vital for the success of any software system. It is done to
check whether the system has any bugs. In this phase, several tests and validation will
be carried out on modules to check for their functionality. Testing and debugging is a
very critical case in system development.
The quality of system is confirmed by the thoroughness of its testing. Duration
and cost of testing and debugging is a significant fraction of the system development
cycle and hence influences overall productivity during the system development. In this
phase, the errors in the programs or modulus are localized and modifications are done
to eliminate them. The system testing makes a logical assumption that all parts of the
system work efficiently and the goal is achieved. Some of the methods for system
testing are given below:
6.1.1 Unit Testing:
Attention is diverted to individual modules, independently to locate errors.
This has enabled the detection of errors in coding and logic. The various modulus of
the system are tested in unit testing method. The various Functions of each module are
tested independently. Then the performance of the whole module is tested.

Table 6.1.1.1: Unit test cases
6.1.2 Integration Testing:
The program as a whole is integrated into a single component and checked
with test data. This is to check that the whole program works together correctly. The
various modules are integrated first.
Then the system is tested as a whole. The behaviour of each module with
another is identified in this testing. Any misbehaviour will lead to dangerous problems
or errors in the system. All these problems can be filtered off using this testing.
We combined all the modules into a single component and tested for integrity.
We found the crude form of our project is meeting the basic requirements.
6.1.3 Functional Testing
Black Box or Functional testing is an approach to testing where the tests are derived from
the program or component specification. The system is a „black box‟ whose behaviour
can only be determined by studying its inputs and the related outputs. It this testing the

tester is only concerned with the functionality and not the implementation of the
software.
Fig6.1.3.1: Functionality Testing
This approach is equally applicable to systems that are organized as functions or
as objects. The tester presents input to the component or to the system and examines the
corresponding outputs. If the outputs are not those predicted than the test has successfully
detected problem with the software.
So our project works well for those commands which we have implemented. But when
the user gives the command which is not implemented then obviously there is no output
otherwise it recognizes it as wrong command and performs accordingly.
Input Test Data
Output Test
Results
System
le
Oe
ee
Input causing
anomalous
behaviour
Output which
reveals the
presence of defects

CHAPTER 7
RESULT
The system accepts the message, stores it, validates and displays it on the LCD board.
LCD boards are used to display messages in Railway stations, shopping malls for
displaying advertisement, Educational institution and organizations, managing traffic
in smart cities and other public utility places. Cost of printing and photocopying is
also reduced because the information can be delivered to a large number of people in
a very short time. It provides faster transfer of information and are easy to install and
maintain. This paper provides an efficient way of displaying messages on Notice
Board and also get auto notification using Wireless Technology. It also provides user
to easily receive the important information or message.
7.1 Snapshots of the Project
Fig.7.1.1: Login page

Fig.7.1.2 :Register page
Fig.7.1.3:Design page of the Application

Fig.7.1.4: Text upload page

Fig.7.1.5: Select image from the gallery
Fig.7.1.6: Image upload page

CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION
Electronic notice board using Wi-Fi is a collaboration of Software and Hardware
through which most of the complexity reduces, even systems size and cost also
reduced. This system is very efficient as anyone can send the message from remote
place without any human intervention. The android application developed in this
project makes the user experience great as it is very simple and easy to use. The
raspberry pi automatically boots and displays the screen which avoids any
configuration when there is power cut or raspberry is recycled by mistake.
Scope of future work
 Highly advanced and easy to use Android application.
 Automatic text adjustment feature of the text size of the messages displayed.
 Access Raspberry pi Apache Web server globally.
 Automatic scrolling of the pages if the total size of the page is very large.
 Features to upload images on raspberry pi server.
 Feature to store last entered messages and displaying it.
 Power Raspberry pi using a solar panel in order to save power.
 Display multiple pages with a particular delay.

APPENDIX
Raspberry PI
Raspberry is a small, inexpensive personal computer. Although it lacks the capacity
for memory expansion and can‟t accommodate on-board devices such as CD, DVD
and card drives ,it has everything a simple personal computer requires.
Raspberry PI 3 model B
Raspberry Pi and Android phone talks to each other via router. Router allots a IP
address to Raspberry Pi and TCP IP Server is established which continuously listens
for incoming client connection. Android Phone connects to server IP address and port
and when the connection is established the data is transmitted from client to server.
The messages received by server are then displayed on LCD monitor interfaced to
Raspberry Pi over HDMI SD card consist of OS (Raspbian) and also used to store
other data. A wi-fi adaptor is used which is connected to raspberry Pi over USB.
Figure : Raspberry PI3 Model B

Raspberry Pi3 model B features:
• BCM2837, 1.2GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53
• 1GB RAM
• 10/100 Ethernet port
• 802.11n Wi-Fi NIC
• Bluetooth 4.1 & Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
• HDMI port
• USB 2.0 interface x 4
• Micro SD card slot
• Combined 3.5mm audio jack and composite video
• 40-pin GPIO interface
• Camera interface (CSI)
• Display interface (DSI)
Major Connectors Descriptions
Figure: Depicts a drawing of the board with all the major connectors labelled

 In the Centre of the near side you see an HDMI connector. Directly opposite
on the far side is an RCA connector
 These are the two options for connecting a monitor. You can use RCA
connector on one side to connect to a typical TV monitor(at very low
resolution) or use the HDMI connector on the other side to connect to high
resolution computer monitor or TV.
 On the left side the micro-USB power connector on the top of the board and
the SD card slot on the bottom.
 On the far side of the board is the general purpose input /output (GPIO) header
(a double row of 13 pins each),which can be used to attach to sensors and
other devices.
 To the right of GPIO header is the aforementioned RCA connector, and to the
right of that is the 3.5mm audio plug.
 On the right side of the board are two USB connectors and Ethernet connector.
Required accessories:
 Raspberry Pi 2 (ARM7 Based Control Board)
 5V 2A AC-DC adaptor - to power Raspberry Pi via micro USB
 Micro SD Card (At least 8GB) – a micro SD Card is used to store OS and
other important files
 Wi-Fi adapter – A high speed USB 2.0 WIFI support 2.4G following IEEE
802.11n standard.
 LCD/LED screen with HDMI support.
 HDMI cable – to interface Raspberry Pi with LCD.
 Android based Smart Phone.

ACRONYMS
 ADB: Android Debug Bridge.
 HDMI: High Definition Multimedia Interface.
 IDE: Integrated Development Environment.
 IoT: Internet of Things.
 JDK: Java Development Kit.
 JVM: Java Virtual Machine.
 LCD: Liquid Crystal Display.
 PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor.
 USB: Universal Serial Bus.
 XML: EXtensible Mark-up Language.

Bibliography
 https://www.raspberrypi.org
 https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/
 https://www.danpurdy.co.uk/web-development/raspberry-pi-kiosk-screen-
tutorial/
 https://anwaarullah.wordpress.com/2013/07/16/direct-access-raspberry-pi-
shell-and-desktop/
 http://www.elecfreaks.com/wiki/index.php?title=EFCom_GPRS/GSM_Shield
 http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4754387/php-how-do-i-display-the-
contents-of-a-textfile-on-my-page
 https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=43&t=56209&hilit=%2
bphp
 https://github.com/ajstarks/openvg
 https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=52613&p=403805
 http://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/1719/x11-connection-
rejected-because-of-wrong-authentication
 http://www.w3resource.com/php/echo-print/echo.php
 E. Ferro and F. Potorti, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi wireless protocols a survey and
comparison ,Wireless Communications, IEEE, vol. 12, no. 1, pp.12-26,
February 2005.
 Nivetha S. R., Puritha R., Preethi Selvaraj and Yashvanthini S. M., (2013)
SMS based wireless notice board with monitoring system, International
Journal of Advanced Electrical and Electronics Engineering, (IJAEEE), ISSN
(Print): 2278-8948, Volume 2, Issue 3, pp 58-62.
 Vijay Kumar Garg, Joseph EWilkes, Principle and Application of GSM,
Upper Saddle River, NJ [u.a.] Prentice Hall PTR, pp. 177-192, 1999.
 GSM Based e-notice board: Wireless communication International journal of
soft computing and engineering (IJSCE). ISSN: 2231-2301, vol-2, issue-3,
July 2012.

 Anuradha Mujumdar, Vaishali Niranjane & Deepika Sagne, (2014) “Scrolling
LED
 display using wireless transmission”, International Journal of Engineering
Development and Research (ISSN: 2321- 9939), Volume 2, Issue 1,
pp 475-478.
 Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin D. McKinely, “ The
8051 Microcontroller and Embedded System using Assembly and C”, second
edition, Upper Saddle River, N J Pearson publication, 2006.
 J. S. Lee, Y. W. Su, and C. C. Shen, ”A Comparative Study of Wireless
Protocols: Bluetooth, UWB, ZigBee, and Wi-Fi”, Proceedings of the 33rd
Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), pp.
46-51, November 2007.
 Swiatkowski, M. Fac. of Microsyst. Electron. & Photonics, Wroclaw Univ.
Of Technol. Wozniak, K. ; Olczyk, L. “Student Notice Board Based on LED
Matrix System Controlled over TCP/IP Protocol “ , July 2006, Conference
Publications.
 Rahul Kamboj and Preeti Abrol, (2013) “Design and Development of GSM
based Multiple LED Display Boards”, International Journal of Computer
Applications (0975 – 8887), Volume 71, No.18,pp 40-46.
 Mayur R. Bhoyar, Suraj Chavhan and Vaidehi Jaiswal, (2014) “Secure
method of updating digital notice board through SMS with PC monitoring
system”, IOSR Journal of Computer Science (IOSRJCE), e-ISSN: 2278-0661,
p-ISSN: 2278-872, pg. 24-29.
 Prachee U. Ketkar, Kunal P. Tayade, Akash P. Kulkarni & Rajkishor M.
Tugnayat, (2013), “GSM mobile phone based led scrolling message display
system”, International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology
(ISSN : 2277- 1581), Volume 2 Issue 3, pp 149-155.
 Bhawna Saini, Rachna Devi, Shilpi Dhankhar, Mohammad-ziaul-Haque and
Jagandeep Kaur, (2014) “Smart LED display boards”, International Journal of
Electronic and Electrical Engineering (ISSN 0974- 2174), Volume 7, Number
10, pp 1057- 1067, © International Research Publication House.

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