This document discusses several key concepts in research ethics including: - The four main principles of ethics in research are respect for persons, beneficence, justice, and respect for communities. - Standards of care in research must consider local contexts and not exploit vulnerable groups. - Bioethics examines life science morality through descriptive, prescriptive, and interactive approaches. - Research ethics frameworks like the Nuremberg Code and Declaration of Helsinki provide guidelines on informed consent, honesty, and protecting human subjects.

1. Ethics & Research Prof .T.S.Ravi Kumar Head Department of A & E Nursing College of Nursing CMCH Vellore

2. Research Question Systematic Scientific Study Implementation, New Knowledge etc

3. ? topics

4. Ethics What is the color of the world ?

5. Ethics (Greek ethika, ethos,character,custom), Principles or standards of human conduct, sometimes called morals (Latin mores, custom) Ethics

6. PRUDENCE, PLEASURE, OR POWER Intellectual nature is superior to the sensual nature Rhetoric, logic, and civil affairs, were skeptical of moral absolutes virtue is knowledge

7. Concepts of Ethics Values Belief systems Morality

8. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism holds that actions or policies that achieve good results— particularly the greatest good for the greatest number of people— are judged to be moral

9. casuistry casuistry, a case-based approach

10. Principles of Ethics Value of life Goodness & Rightness Justice or fairness Truth telling or Honesty Individual freedom

11. Ethical framework Based on four principles : duty to alleviate suffering duty to show respect for persons duty to be sensitive to cultural differences duty not to exploit the vulnerable Local social, cultural and economic contexts must be taken into account

12. Genuine Consent Standards of care Ethical review of research What happens once research is over?

13. Bioethics A sub discipline of ethics The study of life science morality

14. Bioethics Descriptive Bioethics - the way people view life Prescriptive bioethics - to tell others what is good Interactive bioethics - debate between people

15. Standards of care International debate about standard of care that should be provided to control group in research: Universal (the best treatment available anywhere in the world) Non-universal (the treatment available in a defined region)

16. Value Systems A set of related values Intrinsic values Extrinsic values Personal values Professional values

17. Value Formation Values are learned Values change with maturity and experience The number of values an individual holds is not as important as what values they consider important

18. When you are doing something wrong, Do You Know that it is wrong?

19. Respect for Human Dignity Right to self determination No Coercion No incentive Right to full disclosure Informed consent Consent Form Issues related to respect Eg Cultural

20. Nuremberg Code and The Declaration of Helsinki Honesty honesty in all scientific communications Objectivity Strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing,

21. Nuremberg Code and The Declaration of Helsinki Integrity Keep your promises and agreements; Carefulness Openness Respect for Intellectual Property Confidentiality Responsible Publication

22. Responsible Mentoring Respect for colleagues Social Responsibility Non-Discrimination Competence Legality Animal Care Nuremberg Code and The Declaration of Helsinki

23. Nuremberg Code and The Declaration of Helsinki Human Subjects Protection

24. Directions Discussion of case studies Ethics Rounds Ethics Committee Institutional Philosophy Policy

25. Discussion