This document summarizes a research report on intelligent switches for household lighting applications available in the international market. It discusses advantages of intelligent switches like energy efficiency, user friendliness, safety, and cost effectiveness. It also covers existing lighting control technologies like Zigbee, Z-Wave, WiFi, Bluetooth, Insteon, and IFTTT. Example products using these technologies are presented, along with their limitations. The document proposes a solution using Li-Fi technology and describes potential Li-Fi products like smart bulbs, sockets, and touch switches. It concludes that such products could enable internet of everything in the home with intelligent lighting as the communication medium.

1. Research Report on
Intelligent Switches For House-hold Lighting
Applications Available In International Market
By :-
VISHAL
(Electronics And Communication)

2. Contents
 Introduction
 Advantages Of Intelligent Switches
 Existing Technologies
 Existing Products
 Limitations Of Existing Technologies and Products
 Solution
 Conclusion
 References

4. Intelligent Lighting control system
A lighting control system is an intelligent network based lighting control
solution that incorporates communication between various system inputs and
outputs related to lighting control with the use of one or more central
computing devices.
 Lighting control systems(LCS) serve to provide the right amount of light
where and when it is needed.
 LCS are employed to maximize the energy savings.
 Term intelligent lighting control system refers to an intelligent networked
system of devices related to lighting control.
 These devices may include relays, occupancy sensors,photocells, light
control switches or touchscreens, and signals from other building systems
(such as fire alarm or HVAC).

5. Advantages
 Energy efficient
 User friendly
 More safety and security
 Environment friendly
 Ease of Control
 Cost effective in long run
 Easy Monitoring.

7. Technology used for
controlling lights
• ZigBee
• Z-Wave
• WiFi
• Bluetooth
• Infrared
• Insteon
• IFTTT(If This Than That )
• AllJoyn
• ULE

8. ZigBee
• Maximum network size : 65k+
• Connecting technology :
RF(radio frequency)
• Working frequency : 2.4GHz
• Network configuration :
Star+Mesh
• Power requirement : 10mW
• Range : ~75m
• Battery life : 100-1000+ Days

9. Bluetooth
• Maximum network size : 7
• Connecting technology :
RF(radio frequency)
• Working frequency : 2.4GHz
• Network configuration : Star
• Power requirement : 100mA
• Range : ~10m
• Battery life : 1-7 days

10. Z-wave
• Maximum network size : 200+
• Connecting technology :
RF(radio frequency)
• Working frequency : 915MHz
• Network configuration : Mesh
• Power requirement : 23mW
• Range : ~100m
• Battery life : 300-500 days

11. WiFi
• Maximum network size : 7
• Connecting technology :
RF(radio frequency)
• Working frequency : (2.4-5)GHz
• Network configuration : Star
• Range : ~100m

12. Insteon
• Maximum network size : 1000+
• Connecting technology :
RF(radio frequency)
• Working frequency : 915MHz
• Network configuration : Mesh
• Battery life : 10years
• Range : 50m

13. IFTTT
• If This Then That, also known
as IFTTT is a free web-based
service to create chains of
simple conditional statements,
called applets. An applet is triggered
by changes that occur within other
web services
suchas Gmail, Facebook, Telegram,
Instagram, or Pinterest
• IFTTT is also used in a wide range
of home automation use cases, for
instance switching on a light when
detection motion in a room (with
associated compliant devices).

14. Some Products based on these technologies
Switches and dimmers
 Philips Hue Dimmer Switch
 Logitech Pop Add-On Home Switch
 Wemo Light Switch
 Wemo Mini Smart Plug
 Leviton Decora Smart Wi-Fi Switch
 Switchmate Voice-Activated Smart
Lighting Toggle Switch
 Ankuoo NEO Wi-Fi Light Switch
 TP-Link Smart Wi-Fi Light Switch
LED bulbs
 Philips Hue Go
 Nanoleaf NL22-0003TW-9PK Aurora
Smarter Kit
 Lighting EVER Remote Controlled Color
Changing LED Light Bulb
 GE Link Wireless A19 Smart LED
 LIFX Color 1000 Wi-Fi Smart LED Light
Bulb
 TP-Link Smart Wi-Fi A19 LED Bulb
 Cree Connected Soft White Dimmable
LED Li ght Bulb
 Flux Bluetooth LED Light Bulb

15. Switches and dimmers
These switches and dimmers can do a lot of things like :
 Monitor your energy costs from anywhere
 Control your home remotely
 Schedule your lights and appliances
 Protect your home with randomized lights
 Hands-free control with amazon alexa and google assistant
 Works with ifttt for automated recipes

17. Smart LED Bulbs
These led bulbs can do
 These light bulbs are compatible with Google Home, Amazon Echo, IFTTT,
and Apple Home Kit, and responds to voice commands for Siri, Alexa, and
Google Assistant.
 Some of these Bulbs are Wi-Fi controlled and some comes with
remotes of there own.
 Most of them The can glow in may colours approximately 16M.
 They are dimmable.
 Life span of these bulbs are also good.

21. Capacity Security
Availability Efficiency
Limitations

24.  Light-Fidelity.
 Li-Fi can be thought of as a light based Wi-Fi
 Wireless transmission of data through illumination.
 The term was first introduced by Harald Haas in his TED
Global talk on Visible Light Communication in 2011.
 Technology uses visible spectrum which contains more
space and availability.
 Speed Up to 500Mbps has been achieved by researchers at
the Heinrich Hertz Institute in Berlin, Germany.

26. 100 102 104 106 108 1010 1012 1014 1016 1018 1020
1022 1024
Gama-RaysX-RaysUVIRMicrowaveRadio
Waves
Frequency (Hz)
10,000
times
Capacity
EM Spectrum

27. Security

28. Efficiency

29. Availability

32. SERVER
INTERNET
LAMP DRIVER
POWER LED LAMP
PHOTO
DETECTOR
AMPLIFICATION
AND
PROCESSING
HARDWARE AND
SOFTWARE
INTERFACE
SPU

33. Comparison Between Li-Fi & Wi-Fi
Parameters Li-Fi Wi-Fi
Speed More than 1 Gbps 150 Mbps
Operating Frequency 400-800 THz 2.4 GHz
Spectrum Range 10,000 times broad
spectrum than Wi-Fi
Narrow Spectrum
Cost Cheaper because it
works on free band
Expensive because it
works on radio
spectrum
Transmitter/Receive
r Power
More Less
Medium of Data
Transfer
Light as carrier Radio Spectrum

35. Product 1 (Li-Fi smart bulb)
 LED bulb(working as li-fi
hotspot)
 It consists of a microcontroller,
photo transmitter ,photo receiver
and RF transmitter.
 Connected with control Hub.
 It is used to Control Product 2 /3
and will also work as RF
remote.
 Data output for bulb will be
VLC.
 Works on the principle of
OFDM modulation technology.

36. Product 2 (Li-Fi based socket)
 It is an electrical socket which is
based on relay switches.
 It is having two sensors a photo
detector and LED bulb.
 Photo detector receives data
from product 1.
 Similarly transmit data to
product 1 by product 2 with
photo transmitter.

37. Product 3 (Li-Fi based touch switches)
 It is Li-Fi based touch switches.
 It consists of resistive and
capacitive based touch buttons.
 It is based on printed photo
transmitter and receiver
technology.
 Using mobile app one can view
which appliances is ON or OFF
and can control it.

38. Working of these products

39. Conclusion
The scope of these products are not just limited to IOT (internet of
thing) based product but IOE (internet of everything) where each
things in home is able to communicate with each other with the help of
one smart illuminating objects (bulbs) so we have enter into the world
of internet of things to internet of everything with this intelligent
switches.

40. Conclusion

41. References
[1] Research paper of Afgani, M., Haas, H., Elgala, H., and Knipp, D.is
focusing on the, “Visible Light Communication Using OFDM,”
[2] http://edition.cnn.com/2012/09/28/tech/lifi-haas- innovation.
[3] International Journal of Recent Development in Engineering and
Technology Website: www.ijrdet.com (ISSN 2347-6435(Online) Volume
2, Issue 6, June 2014)