Salient features of national seed policies

1. SIDDARUDH K S
Ph.D scholar
Dpt of seed science & Technology
UAS Bngalore
Salient features of
national seed policies &
Role of various sectors in
efficient seed marketing

2. Introduction
• Indian Agriculture has made enormous
strides in the past 50 years, raising foodgrains
production from 50 million tonnes to over
200 million tonnes.
• Globalization and economic liberalization
have opened up new opportunities as well as
challenges.
• The seed sector has made impressive
progress over the last three decades.

3. Objectives of the National
Seeds Policy
• The provision of an appropriate climate for the
seed industry to utilize available and prospective
opportunities.
• Safeguarding of the interests of Indian farmers
and the conservation of agro-biodiversity
• A regulatory system of a new genre is, therefore,
which will encompass quality assurance
mechanisms coupled with facilitation of a vibrant
and responsible seed industry.

4. THRUST AREAS
• VARIETAL DEVELOPMENT AND PLANT VARIETY VARIETAL
DEVELOPMENT AND PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION.
• SEED PRODUCTION.
• QUALITY ASSURANCE.
• SEED DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING.
• INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES.
• TRANSGENIC PLANT VARIETIES.
• IMPORT OF SEEDS AND PLANTING MATERIAL.
• EXPORT OF SEEDS.
• PROMOTION OF DOMESTIC SEED INDUSTRY.
• STRENGTHENING OF MONITORING SYSTEM.

5. SEED POLICIES.
• National seed act 1966
• Seed control order 1983
• New seed policy 1988
• The Seeds Bill (2004)
• National Seed plan-2005-06.
• National Food Security Mission (2007)
• Export-Import policy 2002-07
• Seed Bank Scheme (2000)
• Enactment of the Seeds Act, 1966
• Seed Review Team-SRT (1968)

6. Seed act 1966
Statutory Bodies and Agencies established in
India under the Seeds Act, 1966
1. Central Seed Committee
2. Central Seed Certification Board
3. State Seed Certification Agencies
4. Central Seed Testing Laboratory
5. State Seed Testing Laboratories
6. Appellate Authority
7. Recognition of Seed Certification Agencies of Foreign
Countries

7. Features of seed act 1966
• Enacted by Parliament for the whole of India to
regulate seeds
• Establishing a Central Seed Laboratory as well as
State Seed Laboratory to carry out seed analysis of
notified variety
• Regulation of sale of seeds of notified varieties by
compulsory truthful labeling revealing the true
identity of the variety, germination as well as purity
• Appointment of a seed analyst to undertake seed
testing.
• Penalty or punishment or both for those who do not
comply with the provisions of the act and also
prevent seed inspectors from executing his power

8. Contd..
• Restriction on import and export of seeds of notified
varieties. Any variety imported or exported should
meet the minimum limits of seed germination
• Empowerment of seed inspector to draw samples from
any seller or a purchaser and verify the quality by
sending samples to a seed analyst in the seed testing
laboratory
• Power of certification agency to recommend
notification of suitable variety and grant of
notification certificate provided the seed meets
minimum limits of germination and purity
• Forfeiture of property (seeds) belonging to any person
convicted under this act due to contravention of the
procedures under this act

9. Seed rule 1968
• Central Seed committee describes the act such as
recommendation for Seed Testing fee, advice on
the suitability of seed testing laboratory,
recommendation for the procedure and standards
for seed certification and testing
• Central Seed Laboratory function as coordinating
with State Seed Laboratories for uniformity in test
results
• Rules for marking or labeling of seed lots indented
for certification have been provided in Marketing
or Labeling
• Certification Agency such as-outlining the
procedure for submission of applications,
growing, harvesting and processing and storage of
seeds

10. Contd..
• Certification agency has the discretion of
producing certified seed from certified seed
provided that it does not exceed three
generation and the genetic purity is not
significantly altered.
• Provision for appeal has been provided by
submitting a memorandum accompanied by
a treasury receipt

11. Seeds Control Order, 1983
• The Seeds Act, 1966 does not have provisions such as
compulsory licensing of theseed dealers, price control,
and submission of information about procurement
and sale of seed.
• The GOI issued the Seeds (Control) Order, 1983
under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 to license
seed dealersthroughout the country.
• It empowered the State Governments / Union
Territories to either compulsorily license all the seed
dealers within their jurisdiction or exempt such class
of seed dealers,
• No person can sell, export, or import seeds unless he
possesses the license to do so or exempted from doing
so through official Gazette Notification.

12. Contd..
• The licensed dealers are required to display opening and closing of
different seeds held by them and the price list, on daily basis.
• They are also required to issue cash/credit sale memo, maintain
records and faithfully abide by the directives of Controller of Seeds
to GOI, if any, regarding distribution of seeds.
• The Joint Secretary (Seed), Department of Agriculture and
Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, GOI has been appointed as
Controller of Seeds.
• All persons carrying on the business of selling, exporting and
importing seeds will be required to carry on the business in
accordance with terms and conditions of license granted to him.
• Based on enquiry as it thinks fit, the Licensing Authority may
grant or refuse the license under the provisions of the order.

13. NEW POLICY ON SEED
DEVELOPMENT, 1988
• Features
• Encouraging seed production on
commercial lines
• Advantage of agro climatic zones
• Upgradation of planting materials
• Provide the best planting materials to the
farmers
• Agreement to supply parent line seeds/
breeder seeds/ technology

14. New Seed policy :- 1988
Objective :-
1)Librize the import of high quality seed includes
Agriculture as well as Horticulture produce.
2)A time bond programme to strengthening the plant
quarantine measure especially for post entry
quarantine. (PEQ)
3) Insentives to encourage the domastic seed
Industries.
4)To encourage the export of seed.

15. New Policy on Seed
Development
After careful consideration of all the related
aspects, a New Policy on Seed Development has
been evolved with special emphasis on
• The import of high quality seeds:
• A time bound-programme to strengthen
/modernise plant quarantine facilities.
• Effective observance of procedures for
quarantine/post entry quarantine(PEQ); and
• Incentives to encourage the domestic seed
industry.

16. The New Policy for the Import of Seeds
and Planting Materials will cover the
following categories:
• Seeds of wheat and Paddy
• Seeds of coarse cereals, oilseeds and pulses
• Seeds of vegetables, flowers and ornamental
plants
• Tubers and bulbs of flowers
• Cuttings/saplings etc. of flowers
• Seeds/Planting materials of fruits.

17. Plants, Fruits and Seeds Order
1989
• The order was made suppressing the
Plants, Fruits and Seeds Order (Regulation
of Import into India) 1984 and provides
regulations during import based on post
entry quarantine checks.
• Import of any form of seed for consumption
or sowing should carry a permit issued by
the competent authority
• Amendments have been made for the above
order during 1998, 2000 and 2001. With
the liberalized trade in agriculture,

18. Contd..
• The order has widened the scope of plant
quarantine activities and has made pest risk
analysis compulsory for imports
• provision for regulating the import of soil, moss,
germplasm and GMO's for research, insects,
microbial cultures and bio-control agents
• Import of germplasm has to be permitted by NBPGR
and any other biological materials such as soil,
microbes, moss etc. has to be permitted by Plant
Protection Advisor
• Phytosanitary certificate according to Plant
Quarantine requirements has to be provided so as
to prevent spread of noxious pests Pest risk
analysis during post entry quarantine is
compulsory.

19. Objectives
1. To establish an effective or Sui generis system for protection of
plant variety for the International recognition of the National
Plant Variety Protection System.
2. Safeguards the interest of plant breeders
3. To recognize and protect farmers’ right for their contribution in
conserving, improving and making available plant genetic
resources for development of new plant varieties
4. Encouragement of investment in Plant Breeding
19
Protection of Plant Varieties and
Farmers’ Rights Act, 2001

20. The Indian PPV & FR Act 2001
Salient features:
• It extends to all categories of plants except
micro-organisms.
• In order to be eligible for protection, a variety
must be new, distinct, uniform and stable.
• Provisions are made for compulsory licensing
9/17/13

21. General functions of the Authority
• Registration of new plant varieties, EDV and extant varieties
• Developing DUS test guidelines for new plant species
• Developing characterization and documentation of registered
varieties
• Cataloging facilities for all variety of plants particularly tribal
and rural community
• Maintenance of the National Register of Plant Varieties
• Maintenance of National Gene Fund
9/22/2014 21

22. National Seed Policy, 2002
• The Seed Act, 1966, seed control order
1983 and New Policy on Seeds
Development, 1988, from the basis of
promotion and regulation of the Indian
Seed Industry
• Seed The “New Policy” of 1988 ushered in a
new area of growth and phenomenal
development. Because, it allowed limited
import of commercial seed, remove curbs
on imports of seeds of vegetables, flowers
and ornamental plants

23. The main features of the National
Seed Policy, 2002
1. Development of new and improved varieties of
plants
2. Timely availability of quality seeds
3. Compulsory registration of seeds
4. Creation of infrastructure facilities
5. Quality assurance, promotion of seed industry,
6. Abolition of licensing for seed dealers,
7. Facility for import of best quality seeds,
8. Encouragement to export of seeds
9. Creation of Seed Banks and National Seed Grid.
9/17/13

24. The important constraints
• Non existence of National Seed
Policy
• IPR laws
• Restrictions and licenses on seed
exports and imports
• Lack of incentives for the public
and private seed sectors of the
country

25. Thrust Areas
• 1. Varietal Development and PVP
• 2. Seed Production
• 3. Quality Assurance
• 4. Seed Distribution and Marketing.
• 5. Infrastructure facilities
• 6. Transgenic Plant Varieties
• 7. Import of seeds and planting material
• 8. Export of seeds
• 9. Promotion of domestic seed
• 10. Strengthening of monitoring system

26. Seed bank
 Seed Bank Scheme has been implementing by Seed
Division from 1999- 2000 with the objective to meet
requirement of seeds during natural calamities and
unforeseen conditions
 Under this component, for maintenance of certified
and foundation seeds of identified crops, grants are
provided for meeting 50% cost as revolving funds
for procurement of seed, maintenance cost and
price differential for leftover seeds
 Financial assistance is also provided for
development of necessary infrastructure for
construction of seed storage as well as setting up of
a data bank
9/17/13

27. Seed Bank Scheme
• The scheme is for the maintenance of foundation
and certified seeds of different crops to ensure
timely availability of seeds to the farmers.
• To take care of the special requirement of seed at
the time of natural calamity.
• To create infrastructure facilities for production
and distribution of quality seeds.
9/17/13

28. Challenges (Seed Bank)
• Stored specimens have to be regularly replanted when they begin
to lose viability.
• Only a limited part of the world's biodiversity is stored.
• It is difficult or impossible to store recalcitrant seeds.
• Seed banks carry a cataloguing and data management burden.
• Many of the same issues apply to seed banks as with fallout
shelters. With regard to its use as an insurance policy against
cataclysmic events.
• Power would have to be sustained after a cataclysmic event in
order to keep the seeds at -18 Celsius, which would be very
difficult in an apocalyptic scenario unless linked to an automated
power plant that uses solar panels, hydroelectricity, or another
source of power that doesn't require resupply.

29. Components covered
(i) Revolving Fund:- 50% of the cost of the seed as
revolving fund for procurement of seeds.
(ii) Maintenance charges:- (a)Transportation charges:- Rs.
100 per quintal. (b)Processing and packaging charges:-
Rs. 100 per quintal.
(iii) Price differential: - Funds is released to the
participating organization on the basis of actual loss
incurred by them on this account or 10% of the quantity
seeds kept during the year whichever is less.
(iv) Assistance for construction of Seed godown:-
Maximum assistance would be available for Rs. 25.00
lakh for a godown of 10000/ quintal capacity.
9/17/13

30. Exim Policy 2002-07
• On March 31, 2002, the Government announced
a New Export-Import (EXIM) policy for 2002-
2007. Sharply export oriented rather than import
liberalizing
• Government control import of non-essential items
through the EXIM Policy.
• Exports should be promoted in such, a manner
that the economy of the country is not affected by
unregulated exports of items specially needed
within the country.
9/17/13

31. Objective of the Exim Policy
i. To accelerate the economy from low level of economic
activities to high level of economic activities by making it
a globally oriented vibrant economy
ii. To stimulate sustained economic growth by providing
access to essential raw materials, intermediates,
components, consumables
iii. To enhance the technological strength and efficiency of
Indian agriculture, industry and services,
iv. To generate new employment.
v. Opportunities and encourage the attainment of
internationally accepted standards of quality.
vi. To provide quality consumer products at reasonable
prices.

32. Seeds Bill 2004
• The Seeds Bill, 2004 aims to regulate the quality of seeds sold, and
replaces the Seeds Act, 1966
• All varieties of seeds for sale have to be registered. The seeds are
required to meet certain prescribed minimum standards.
• The Bill does not restrict the farmer’s right to use or sell his farm seeds
and planting material, provided he does not sell them under a brand
name. All seeds and planting material sold by farmers will have to
conform to the minimum standards applicable to registered seeds
• If a registered variety of seed fails to perform to expected standards, the
farmer can claim compensation from the producer or dealer under the
Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
• The Bill permits self certification of seeds by accredited agencies and
allows the central government to recognize certification by foreign seed
certification agencies
• Every seed producer and dealer, and horticulture nursery has to be
registered with the state government
9/17/13

33. Issues before Seed Bill
 Quality assurance to farmers
– spurious seeds
– under performing seeds
– non-performing seeds
 Price Control
• Share of seed in the cost of production is
going up
 Increasing yields
• Productivity
• Quality of produce

34. Seed Bill 2004 ---Salient Features
• Registration of kinds and varieties of Seeds etc.
• Evaluation of performance.
• Compensation to farmers.
• Registration of seed producer and processing units.
• Seed dealers to be registered.
• Regulation of sale of seed and seed certification.
• Seed analysis and seed Testing.
• Export and Import of seeds and Planting material.
9/17/13

35. What is the Current Status?
• The Government had introduced the Seeds Bill
in the Rajya Sabha in December 2004.
• The Bill was referred to the Parliamentary
Standing Committee on Agriculture, which
recommended several modifications to the Bill.
• Accordingly, the Government moved the official
amendments to the Seeds Bill 2004 twice.
• The bill has not been introduced in the latest
session of the parliament and now (reportedly)
keeping in view the widespread concerns over
certain provisions in the Seed Bill

36. National Food Security Mission
• National Food Security Mission (NFSM) is a
Central Scheme of GOI launched in 2007 for 5
years to increase production and productivity of
wheat, rice and pulses on a sustainable basis so
as to ensure food security of the country. The
aim is to bridge the yield gap in respect of these
crops through dissemination of improved
technologies and farm management practices.
http://www.gktoday.in/national-food-security-
mission/
9/17/13

37. Objectives
• Increasing production of rice, wheat, pulses and
coarse cereals through area expansion and
productivity enhancement in a sustainable
manner in the identified districts of the country;
• Restoring soil fertility and productivity at the
individual farm level; and
• Enhancing farm level economy (i.e. farm profits)
to restore confidence amongst the farmers.
9/17/13

38. Salient Features:
• The implementation of the NFSM would result in increasing the
production of rice by 10 million ton, wheat by 8 million ton and
pulses by 2 million ton by 2011-12.
• Restoring soil fertility and productivity at the individual farm level.
Creation of employment opportunities and enhancing farm level
economy
• Beneficiaries can choose to draw loans from the Banks, in which
case subsidy amount prescribed for a particular component for
which the loan availed will be released to the Banks.
• Promotion and extension of improved technologies i.e., seed,
Integrated Nutrient Management including micronutrients, soil
amendments, IPM and resource conservation technologies along with
capacity building of farmers.
• Farmers and their dependents are eligible for this scheme
• Productions of breeder seeds are done under ICAR while certified
seeds and pulses are implemented by State and District agencies.
9/17/13

39. BIOSAFETY REGULATION
1. Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RDAC)
2. Review Committee on Genetic Manipulations
(RCGM)
3. Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
(GEAC)
4. State Biosafety Coordination Committee (SBCC)
5. District Level Coordination Committee (DLCC)
• Ministry of Environment and Forests
• Department of Biotechnology

40. The Genetic Engineering Appraisal
Committee (GEAC)
The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee
(GEAC) of India was reconstituted on March 11,
2013
This committee function as a body under the
Department of Environment, Forest and Wildlife for
approval of activities involving large scale use of
hazardous microorganisms and recombinants in
research and industrial production from the
environmental angle. The Committee also
responsible for approval of proposals relating to
release of genetically engineered organisms and
products into the environment including
experimental field trials.

41. Main functions
• To permit the use of GMOs and products thereof
for commercial applications.
• To adopt producers for restriction or prohibition,
production, sale, import & use of GMOs both for
research and applications under EPA.
• To authorize large scale production and release
of GMOs and products there of into the
environment.
• To authorize agencies or persons to have powers
to take punitive actions under the EPA.

42. SEED MARKETING
• Seed marketing is one of the most vital
components of seed technology.
• On it depends the size and scope of the seed
industry. Broadly it includes such activities as
production, processing, storage, quality control
and marketing of seeds.

43. • In the narrow sense, however; seed marketing
refers to “the actual acquisition and selling 'of
packed seeds, intermediate storage, delivery and
sales promotional activities”
• In the present context, our discussion is limited
to seed marketing in the narrow sense.

44. Seed Industry: Details
India – biggest seed market
$920 million, or about Rs.5,000 crores
Domestic $900 million, exports $20 million
Open pollinated seed market: around $ 118
million
Vegetable seed sector employment 7 lakhs
Local and unidentified varieties (farmer
controlled) statistics are not known –
probably 30 to 50%

45. Cntd…
Highest seed market is cotton (80% hybrid):
Rs.1870 crores
National Seeds Corporation, 1963
15 State seed corporations
500 private seed companies
National Seed Association of India (NSAI)
9/17/13

46. INDIAN SEED INDUSTRY
75%
ORGANISED
 25%
UNORGANISED
Size=Rs.14000
crore seed
industry

47. Indian Seed Market

48. Indian Seed Industry

49. • Seed marketing comprises the following:
1) Demand forecasts (assessment of effective
demand)
2) Marketing structure.
3) Arrangements for storage of seeds.
4) Sales promotional activities.
5) post-sales service.
6) Economics of seed production and seed
pricing.

50. Business Process
DIS-
TRIBU-
TION
CUSTOMER
QUALITY
R&D
PROD
TESTING
SALE
USAGE
FEED
BACK

51. PRIVATE SECTOR
60%
involved
in seed
trading
20%
have R&D,
production
& marketing
Over
300
Private seed
companies
20% in
production &
marketing
Hybrids of cereals, oil seed, fiber crops and vegetable are
major focus

52. EVOLUTION OF SEED TECHNOLOGY

53. mid 1980s - 1990s
Seed industry boomed
as a result of several
Govt. initiatives
Foreign direct
investment allowed
and encouraged
Imports of improved
varieties and breeding
lines liberalized
Trade regulations
liberalized
Current status
Though nascent, yet
private sector
accounts for 70%
turnover in seed
domestically and is
internationally
recognised
Due to varied
agroclimatic
conditions and natural
resources, R&D hubs
are being created.
Almost 1/3 companies
have a global
technology/ financial
partner
Private seed
companies are
spending 10-12% of
their turnover in R&D
R&D budget of medium
sized companies is
growing @ 20% p.a.
1960s – mid 1980s
Minimal private
sector partici-pation
R&D in public
domain
Restrictions on
germplasm
exchange, foreign
ownership, etc.
Evolution of the Indian seed industry

54. Types of Seeds
•Public
•Domestic
Private
•MNCs
Self
Pollinate
d
Cross
Pollinated
Hybrids
Genetically
Modified
Publi
c
Secto
r
Farmers
Public
sector

55. In making demand forecasts , the following
factors must be considered carefully :-
(a) Total cultivated acreage, seed rate, quality
replacement period and assessment of total potential
seed requirement of each of the important crops.
(b) Impact of extension efforts on the introduction
of improved production techniques, and future plans for
promotion.
(c) Current acreage under high yielding varieties
and amount of seed sold. in the last year.

56. Contd..
(d) Cultivator preferences for .varieties,
package size, kind of packing" quality and price.
(e) Number and size of competitors.
(f) Kinds of publicity and sales promotion that
are most effective.

57. Marketing Structure :-
(Establishment of effective channel for seed distribution)
• The key to success in seed marketing is the
establishment of effective channel of distribution.
• The various channels through which seed can be
marketed vary greatly according to the needs of the
seed company.

58. • Present status of seed distribution:
The types of seed distribution systems in India are:
(a) Farmer to farmer distribution. This is the traditional method,
where by farmers obtain their requirements from neighbours either
on cash payment or on an exchange basis. No formal marketing
organization is required for this type of distribution.
(b) Distribution by co-operatives. This involves procurement of
seeds by cooperatives and its subsequent distribution. The distribution
of seeds through cooperatives has often been encouraged by the
government through subsidies and guarantees.

59. (c) Distribution by Departments of Agriculture.
Seeds are purchased by the government, out of the
government funds, and are distributed through district
Agricultural Officers and Block Development Officers.
(d) Distribution of seeds by non-government or
quasi-government agencies. In this system, the seeds
are distributed through a network of seed distributors and
seed dealers.

60. Global Seed Market Split
Cotton 3%
Canola 5%
Vegetables 18%
Corn 32%
Rice 10%
Other 6%
Potato 4% Sunflower 2%
Barley 2%
Sugar Beet 2%
Wheat 4%
Soybean 12%
Tomato fresh indet. 11%
Cabbage 7%
Sweet
pepper 7%
Lettuce 7%
Watermelon 5 %
Onion 5%
Seed Vegetable seed
Melon 5 %Chinese cabbage 5 %
Hot pepper 5%
Carrot 4%
Tomato
fresh set. 3%
Internal assessment

61. STAKEHOLDERS
Farmers
Public
sector:
National
Public
Sector:
State
Seed
Farmers
Corporate
Sector:
MNCs
Private
sector-
domestic

63. Private Seed Companies :-
A number of private seed company are also
engaged in seed production , research and
development activities 1969 onwards.
• Syngenta India Ltd
• Sutton and son Calculta (WB)
• Bejo Sheetal hybrid seed Jalna (MH)
• Unicorn group Hydrabad.

64. Contd..
• Namdari seeds Bangalore
• Hinduston Lever Ltd Bombay
• Pioneer Seed company Ltd Hydrabad
• Maharashtra hybrid, seed company Jalna
• Indo-American Hybrid seed Ltd Bangalore
• Nath seeds Aurangabad

65. Private Sector Seed Companies
• Easing of government regulations in the late 1980s spurred
enormous development within the seed industry by attracting
several foreign seed companies to India.
• Typically they concentrated on hybrids, mainly corn, cotton,
sunflower, vegetables, and flowers (more recently on rice),
• The basic reason for the private sector’s focus on these crops
is that it involves low production volume and higher margins
• Currently, some 500 hybrids of field crops and vegetables are
being marketed, as truthfully labeled seeds, mostly by private
seed companies.
• Another factor attracting international seed companies to
India is the country’s varied agroclimatic conditions and
abundant skilled and unskilled labor,
• Private seed production is largely centered around Bangalore
for vegetable crops and Hyderabad for field crops, particularly
cottonseeds.

66. Public Sector Seeds Companies
• Public sector involvement in the seed industry on a national scale began at
the beginning of the “green revolution” with the establishment of the
National Seed Corporation (NSC) in 1963
• with the responsibility of promoting seed industry development from
production through processing, storage and marketing.
• In the initial years of operation, the NSC concerned itself mainly with
foundation seed production and with seed certification after the enactment of
Seed Act in 1966.
• The State Seed Corporations (SSC) were established later with support from
the World Bank, initially in nine states, and later expanded to cover 13
states,
• The role of public sector seed companies is now mostly confined to certified
seeds of high volume, low value segment of high yielding varieties of cereals,
pulses, and cotton
• The public sector seed companies, however, lag behind in research; they are
mostly dependent on public research institutions, under the aegis of Indian
Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)

67. Marketing organization
• There are a number of possible ways in which a marketing
network could be organised .
• The simplest and most efficient system is to establish a
central marketing cell and regional officcess in end use
areas.
• The retail sale could be organised either by appointing
distributors/dealers such as private dealers.
• Cooperatives, agro-sales service centre's etc., or by
opening seed company/corporation owned sales
points.

68. • The central marketing cell is responsible for planning,
appointment of dealers/distributors, seed movement,
marketing intelligence research, pricing, promotional
activities, financing and record keeping.
• The regional offices are responsible for seed supply and
promotional materials to dealers/distributors, training
of seed dealers, expansion into new market areas,
publicity and execution of promotional programmers.

69. Promotional Media
(a) Newspapers
(b) Cinema slides
(c) Hoardings
(d) Radio
(e) Melas.
(f) Field demonstrations

70. Factors affecting seed marketing
• Seed marketing is greatly affected by the following
factors:
1. Clear-cut policy.
2. Availability of well-identified and adapted
varieties.
3. Adequate production.
4. Official programme.
5. Demand forecast.
6. Market intelligence

71. contd..
7. Transport, and storage arrangements.
8. Nature of product.
9. Quality control programme.
10. Publicity.
11. Financial rewards.

72. CONCLUSION
• The Government of India trusts that the National Seeds
Policy will receive the fullest support of State
Governments, State Agricultural Universities, plant
breeders, seed producers, the seed industry and all
other stakeholders, so that it may serve as a catalyst to
meet the objectives of sustainable development of
agriculture
• The National Seeds Policy will be a vital instrument in
attaining the objectives of doubling food production and
making India hunger free.
• It is expected to provide the impetus for a new
revolution in Indian agriculture, based on an efficient
system for supply of seeds of the best quality to the
cultivator.

73. Contd..
• The National Seeds Policy will lay the foundation
for comprehensive reforms in the seed sector.
• Significant changes in the existing legislative
framework will be effected accompanied by
programmatic interventions.
• The Policy will also provide the parameters for
the development of the seed sector in the Tenth
and subsequent Plans. The progress of
implementation of the Policy will be monitored
by a High Level Review Committee.

74. Thank You