Glass is manufactured through the Pilkington process. Raw materials like sand, calcium oxide and sodium carbonate are weighed, mixed and heated to form molten glass. This molten glass is then floated on molten tin to create sheets of uniform thickness. The glass is then annealed by controlled cooling. There are different types of glass including float glass, which is the most common, as well as processed glasses like tinted, wired, laminated, toughened, and reflective glasses. Processed glasses undergo further thermal or chemical treatments to modify their properties. Double glazed units provide insulation and energy efficiency. The differences between float glass and toughened glass will be explored further in part 2.

1. DIFFERENT TYPE OF GLASS
FLOAT GLASS
and
PROCESSED
GLASS

2. HOW IS GLASS MANUFACTURED
PILKINGTON PROCESS
Glass is made from clear sand, calcium
oxide and sodium carbonate) weighed
and mixed in the right proportion with
addition of admixtures for giving color
The mixture is then heated in a kiln.
Quartz sand without additives
becomes glass at a temperature of
2,300 degrees Celsius. Adding
sodium carbonate (soda) reduces
the temperature needed to make
glass to 1,500 degrees Celsius
A homogeneous mixture of molten
glass is then formed. This mixture is
then floated on molten tin to form glass
of desired thickness. After the hot end
of the process is over, the glass is set to
cool
It has to be cooled after maintaining a
suitable temperature i.e. it has to be
annealed.

3. PRODUCTION OF FLOAT GLASS

4. COMMONLY USED TYPE OF GLASS
FLOAT GLASS/ ANNEALED
GLASS
PROCESSED GLASS
CLEAR FLOAT GLASS
TINTED GLASS
TEXTURED GLASS
WIRED GLASS
TOUGHNED GLASS
LAMINATED GLASS
REFLECTIVE GLASS
DOUBLE GLAZED UNIT (DGU)
FLOAT GLASS SUBJECTED TO
THERMAL OR CHEMICAL TREATMENTS
TO CHAGNE PROPERTIES
ANNEALED DURING TIME OF
MANUFACTURING

5. CLEAR FLOAT
GLASS
MOST COMMON GLASS USED IN
CONSTRUCTION AND IS ALSO CALLED
ANNEALED GLASS.
CLEAR GLASS IS A KIND OF FLOAT GLASS WHICH
OFFERS EXTREME TRANSPARENCY AND CLARITY.
TINTED GLASS THEY ARE USED IN ARCHITECTURAL BUILDINGS
AS IT ABSORBS SUNLIGHT SAVES ENERGY,
REDUCES HEAT PENETRATION AND PRODUCES
EXCELLENT AESTETIC EFFECTS
TINTED GLASS A COLOURED GLASS BY MIXING
COLURS DURING MANUFACTING OF CLEAR
FLOAT GLASS
FLOAT GLASS TYPES

6. FROSTED GLASS
FROSTED GLASS IS MADE BY GRINDING,
SANDBLASTING , ACID ETCHING ETC TO GIVE A FOGGY
LOOK MAKES ITS PERFECT FOR PRIVACY
APPLICATIONS LIKE WINDOWS, BATHROOM DOORS,
BATHING CUBICLE, PARTITIONS ETC
FLOAT GLASS TYPES
WIRED GLASS
WIRE MESH IS INLAID IN THE GLASS FROM
SHATTERING AND BREAKING UNDER STRESS. WIRED
GLASS ARE FIRE RESISTANT AND CAN BE USED FOR
INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS
FROSTED
GLASS
WIRED GLASS

7. PROCESSED GLASS
LAMINATED GLASS
.THIS INSULATOR LAYER MAKES
THE GLASS IMPACT RESISTANT
AND SOUND RESISTANT.
LAMINATED GLASS IS A TYPE OF SECURITY
GLASS MANUFACTURED BY
SANDWICHING A LAYER OF PLASTIC SUCH
AS PVB IN BETWEEN TWO SHEETS OF
GLASS
LAMINATED GLASS, UPON BREAKAGE,
REMAINS INTACT AS THE BROKEN PIECES
STICK TO THE INTERLAYER.

8. TOUGHNED GLASS
TEMPERED GLASS OR TOUGHENED GLASS IS
FORMED BY HEATING ANNEALED GLASS IN
ORDER TO DEVELOP OPPOSITE STRESSES
ON ITS SURFACES. THIS MAKES TOUGHENED
GLASS MUCH STRONGER THAN REGULAR
GLASS
PROCESSED GLASS

9. REFLECTIVE GLASS
REFLECTIVE GLASS ALSO CALLED MIRROR
GLASS IMPARTS A MIRROR LIKE AN
APPEARANCE. A COATING OF METAL
OXIDE IS APPLIED TO ONE SIDE OF THE
CLEAR OR BODY TINTED GLASS IN ORDER
TO INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF
REFLECTION BY THE GLASS
. REFLECTIVE GLASS IS USED IN OFFICE AND
HIGH RISE BUILDING
PROCESSED GLASS

10. DOUBLE GLAZED UNIT (DGU)
AN INSULATED DOUBLE GLAZED UNIT IS
MADE OF TWO OR MORE GLASS PANES
AND SEPERATED BY AN AIR GAP. IT IS
HEARMETICALLY SEALED
MAINLY USED FOR HIGH RISE OFFICES,
HOSPITALS HOTELS ETC
HAVE EXCELLENT TEMPERATURE
CONTROL PROPERTIES AND ARE ENERGY
EFFICIENT

11. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FLOAT GLASS
AND TOUGHNED GLASS
TO BE
CONTINUED IN
PART 2
STAY TUNED