English Education Grammar Organization refers to the arrangement of ideas in a text. You can easily follow good organization when you create an outline of your ideas before you start. An outline is like the skeleton of the human body—the latter gives the body form while the former gives your writing basically the same thing. The form will make the readers see which ones are the major parts and which ones are the minor parts. An outline can be useful because it provides a format in which ideas can be arranged in a hierarchy—that is, it distinguishes the general ideas from the specific or subordinating ideas. Coherence and cohesion refers to the connection of ideas and connection between sentences and between paragraphs.As you have read previously, a text is connected discourse. This means that the ideas you will write on a topic will not be considered a well-written text if they do not stick together. In order for you to assure coherence and cohesion, youneed to use transitional and cohesive devices.For instance, to provide coherence, you may use phrases that signals that you are adding more information (e.g. inaddition, moreover), or referring to the previous statement (e.g. as mentioned earlier), or contrasting the previousstatement (e.g. however), and so on.For providing cohesion, you must organize old and new information in your text. Organizing old and new information can be done by using certain vocabulary such as synonyms and antonyms, or repetition of words from the previous sentence, or using pronouns and conjunction.

1. PROPERTIES
OF A WELL-
WRITTEN
TEXT

2. PROPERTIES OF A WELL-
WRITTEN TEXT
1. Organization
2. Coherence
3. Cohesion
4. Language Use
5. Mechanics

3. Organizatio
n
01

4. It provides the
readers a structural
framework that will
guide them on what

5. It helps the reader to
follow the complete and
logical development of
thoughts in a written
text.

6. Parts in Organizing a
Paragraph
1.
Introduction
2.
Body
3.
Conclusion

7. A.
Introduction
It captures the attention of
the readers and establishes
the importance of the topic
the readers are about to
1. Organization

8. B. Body
It is the longest part of the
composition as it consists of
the supporting details of the
main topic.
1. Organization

9. The body of the paragraph may be organized through any
of the orders below:
• Chronological Order
The details are arranged as
they actually occurred in time.

10. The body of the paragraph may be organized through any
of the orders below:
• Spatial Order
This paragraph development
describes a person, thing or
place.

11. The body of the paragraph may be organized through any
of the orders below:
• Deductive Order
This paragraph development
arranges details from general
to specific.

12. The body of the paragraph may be organized through any
of the orders below:
• Inductive Order
This paragraph development
arranges details from specific
to general.

13. The body of the paragraph may be organized through any
of the orders below:
• Climactic Order
This paragraph development
arranges details according to
importance that is from least to
most important, or from most
important to least important.

14. C.
Conclusion
It closes the issue being
discussed, ends the paragraph,
and aims to convince the reader
that all most important arguments
about the topic have been tackled.
1. Organization

15. Coherence
02

16. It pertains to the
sentences that solely
support the main idea
of the paragraph.

17. Cohesion
03

18. It expresses continuity
that exists between one
part of the text and
another.

19. Cohesive Devices
1. Repetitio
n
2.
Pronoun
s
3.
Synonym
s
Transition
4.

20. Cohesive Devices
• Repetition
The use of it is to focus on
the main idea by repeating a
key word or phrase.

21. Cohesive Devices
• Synonyms
It is to use words with
the same meaning in
the sentence.

22. Cohesive Devices
• Pronouns
It is the use of pronouns
is to replace the nouns
with words like he, she, it,
they, we, us, him, or

23. Cohesive Devices
• Transition
It is to use a transition
word or phrase that links
the sentences of a
paragraph together.

24. Language
Use
04

25. You should consider
your tone, style and
clarity of your writing to
communicate
effectively.

26. Language Use
1. Concise
Language
3. Common
Language 1. Precise and
Clear Language
2. Concrete
Language

27. Language Use
• Concise Language
It is the use of fewest
numbers of words
possible.

28. Language Use
• Concrete Language
It is to use concrete words
rather than abstract words
which are ambiguous.

29. Language Use
• Common Language
It is to use common words
in writing which are easily
understood and
recognized

30. Language Use
• Precise and Clear
Language
It is to give your readers
clear and precise word
imagery to make your writing
easier to understand and to
follow.

31. The body of the paragraph may be organized through any
of the orders below:
Capitalizatio
n Rules
Comma
Rules
Here you could
describe the topic of
this section
Here you could
describe the topic of
this section
Spelling with
Suffixes
Dialogue
Rules
Reference
Here you could
describe the topic of
this section
Here you could
describe the topic of
this section
02
03 04

32. A picture is worth a
thousand words

33. Capitalization rules
#2.
Proper
Nouns
#1. First
Word of a
Sentence
#3. Days /
Months /
Holidays
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it’s hot
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
#4. Places
of the
World
It’s a gas giant and
the biggest planet
#6. Only
Someti
mes
It’s the farthest planet
from the Sun
#5.
Titles of
Works
Saturn is the ringed
one and a gas giant

34. Here you could write your exercise
#1. Capitalize the first
word of every sentence!
Dogs are said to be man’s best
friend
Dogs are said to be man’s best friend

35. Comma rules
You can write the comma rules
here:
● Compound sentence
● Series
● Dialog
● Direct address
● Introductory phrase
● Transition words

36. #2. Capitalize the name of a
specific person, or thing
Brandon went to Tomball
Memorial Hospital after he
broke his leg
Brandon went to Tomball Memorial
Hospital after he broke his leg
Here you could write your exercise
Jenna and Joe took their
dog Bailey for a walk at the
Central Park
Jenna and Joe took their dog Bailey for a
walk at the Central Park
Here you could write your exercise

37. #3. Capitalize the days of the
week and months of the year
Valentine’s day is on February 14
each year
Valentine’s Day is on February 14 each year
Holidays get capitalized
too!
Here you could write your exercise

38. #4. Capitalize places including
addresses, cities, states, countries,
and continents
I live on Main Street in Houston,
Texas. Texas is a state in the United
States of America
I live on Main Street in Houston, Texas.
Texas is a state in the United States of
America
Capitalize abbreviations of these
places too!
Here you could write your exercise

39. #5. Capitalize the titles of written or
performed works like books or
movies
Cloudy with a Chance of
Meatballs is a book that was
later made into a movie
Titles of artistic works also get
capitalized!
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs is a
book that was later made into a movie
Here you could write your exercise

40. Capitalize this... Only if...
north, south, east, west ...you use it as a specific place and not a direction
mom, dad, aunt, grandma, etc. ...you can replace the word with the relative’s name and still
makes sense
mountain, desert, river, ocean,
etc.
...it is a part of its actual name, such as Mojave Desert
earth ...you’re talking about the planet Earth
college, school, library, university,
etc.
...you use it with the actual name, such as Hassler
Elementary School
#6. Many words only get
capitalized depending on how they
are in the sentence

41. Comma Rules
You could enter a subtitle here if you need it
02

42. Awesome
words

43. #1. Use a comma before a
conjunction when combining two
complete sentences
I need to go to the grocery, and
my sister needs to go to the
library
{I need to go to the grocery}, {and my sister
needs to go to the library}
Here you could write your exercise

44. #2. Use commas to separate
three or more words or phrases
I need to finish my homework,
take out the dog, and help Mom
with the dishes
{I need to finish my homework}, {take out
the dog}, {and help Mom with the dishes}
Here you could write your exercise

45. #3. In dialog, use a comma to
separate the narrator from the
speaker
“I want to study medicine when i
grow up,” Maria declared.
Derek responded, “You do?”
“{I want to study medicine when i grow up},” {Maria
declared.}
{Derek responded}, “{You do?}”
Here you could write your exercise

46. #4. Use a comma (or two) when
you directly mention a person
Julia, please hand me that box of
crayons. Will You, John, hand me
the pencils?
{Julia}, please hand me that box of
crayons.
Will You, {John}, hand me the pencils?
Here you could write your exercise

47. #5. Use a comma to separate an
introductory phrase from the
sentence
After the big game, the baseball
team celebrated their win
{After the big game}, {the baseball team
celebrated their win}
Here you could write your exercise

48. #6. Use a comma after a transition
word or phrase
Finally, mix the chocolate syrup
and the milk. After you’re done,
enjoy your tasty drink
{Finally}, mix the chocolate syrup and the
milk. {After you’re done}, enjoy your tasty
drink
Here you could write your exercise

49. Dialogue Rules
Reference
You could enter a subtitle here if you need it
04

50. Dialogue Rules
Reference
#1. Quotation
Marks
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
#3. ? and ! in
Quotation
Marks
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
#2. Commas
in quotation
marks
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it’s hot
#4. Examples
It’s the farthest planet
from the Sun

51. #1. Use quotation marks around
the words that someone is actually
saying
“This is so much fun!,” said Jenna
“This is so much fun!,” said Jenna
Here you could write your exercise

52. #2. Commas are used to separate
the speaker from the narrator
“This is my favorite toy,” said
Sally.
Charles responded, “I prefer my
toy car!”
“This is my favorite toy,” said Sally.
Charles responded, “It’s so cute!”
Here you could write your exercise

53. #3. You can replace a comma with a
question mark or an exclamation
point
“What are you doing?” asked
Mom.
Jackson looked up, “having fun!”
he said
“What are you doing?” asked Mom.
Jackson looked up, “having fun!” he said
Here you could write your exercise

54. Structure Example
S “I like the summer.”
S - N “I like the summer,” said Maria.
N - S Maria said, “I like the summer.”
S - N - S I really like summer,” Maria said
and then added, “because it’s time
to swim!”
#4. Examples
N = Narrator S= Speaker

55. This is a graph
To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link, change the
data and paste the resulting graph here, replacing this one
30% -
Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name
20% -
Mercury
It’s the closest
planet to the
Sun
50% - Mars
Despite being
red, Mars is a
cold place

56. Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
Saturn is composed of
hydrogen and helium
Mercury is the
smallest planet of
them all
Mercury Saturn Jupiter
These are percentages
60
%
75
%
25
%

57. This is an infographic
Mercury
Mercury is the
closest planet to the
Sun
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold
place
Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name,
but it’s hot
60
%
15
%
15
%

58. This is a map
Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name
Mercur
y
It’s the closest
planet to the
Sun
Mars
Despite being
red, Mars is a
cold place

59. A timeline always works well
Venus is terribly hot
and has high
temperatures
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
Saturn is composed of
hydrogen and helium
Mercury is the
smallest planet of
them all
day 1
day 2
day 3
day 4

60. 4,498,30
0
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention

61. 333,000.00
earths is the Sun’s mass
24h 37m 23s
is Jupiter’s rotation period
386,000 km
is the distance between Earth and the Moon

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