skin cancer by vikas kumar nims nursing college

1. Vikas kumar
Bsc.Nursing 3rd year
Nims nursing college.
Skin
Cancer

2.  Cancer is a group of diseases involving
abnormal cell growth with the potential to
invade or spread to other parts of the body.
 Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells in
the body.

3.  Skin cancer is an abnormal growth of skin
cells.it generally develops in areas that are
exposed to the sun, but it can also form in
place that don’t normally get sun exposure.
 The two main categories of skin cancers are
defined by the cells involved.
1. Keratinocyte carcinoma
2. Melanoma

4.  The first category is basal and squamous cell
skin cancers . These are the most common
forms of skin cancer . They’re most likely to
develop on areas of your body that get the
most sun , like your head &neck.
 They’re less likely than other forms of skin
cancer to spread and become life threatening
. but if left untreated , they can grow larger &
spread to other parts of your body.

5.  The second category of skin cancer is
melanoma. This type of cancer develops from
cells that give your skin color .
 These cells are known as melanocyte.
 they can develop anywhere on your body.
 In men , these moles are likely to develop on
the chest & back .
 In women , these moles are more likely to
develop on the legs.

6.  Work outdoors frequently
 Have multiple , large or irregular moles.
 Have skin that’s pale or freckled.
 Have blue or green eyes .
 Have a weak immune system.
 Have had an organ transplant and take
immunosoppressant medication.
 Have precancerous skin growth.
 Live or vacation in sunny ,warm ,or high-
altitude climates.

7.  Actinic keratosis: these red or pink patches of
skin are not cancerous , but they’re considerd
a form of pre cancer . If left untreated , these
skin masses may develop into squamous cell
carcinoma .

8.  Basal cell carcinoma: The most common form
of skin cancer , basal cell carcinoma account
for 90 percent of all cases of skin cancer .
 They’re slow – growing masses that most
often show up on the head or neck.

9.  Squamous cell carcinoma: This type of skin
cancer develops in the outer layer of the skin
, and it’s typically more aggressive than basal
cell carcinoma . It may show up as red , scaly
lesions on your skin .

10.  Melanoma: This type of skin cancer is less
common ,but it’s the most dangerous type of
skin cancers , but it causes the majority of
skin cancer –related deaths each year .
Melanoma forms in the melanocytes , the skin
cells that create pigment .

12.  Biopsy-it’s a sample of tissue taken from the
body in order to examine it more closely.
 HPV test-it’s a test of human papiloma virus
test.
 Scaling skin is dry , cracked or flaky skin.
 Screening checks the skin for moles ,
birthmarks or other marks that are unusual in
color ,size , shape or texture.

13.  Skin lesions : A new mole ,unusual growth ,bump ,
sore, scaly patch, or dark spot develops and
doesn’t go away.
 Asymmetry: the two halves of the lesions or mole
aren’t even or identical.
 Border : the lesions have ragged uneven edges.
 Color : the spot has an unusual color ,such as
white , pink, black , blue or red.
 Diameter: the spot is larger than one quarter inch
,or about the size of a pencil eraser.

14. Both types of skin cancer occur when mutations
develop in the DNA of your skin cells . These
mutations cause skin cells to grow
uncontrollably and form a mass of cancer cells.
 Basal cell skin cancer is caused by ultraviolet
(UV) rays from the sun or tanning beds. UV
rays can damage the DNA inside your skin
cells ,causing the unusual cell growth .

15.  Squamous cell skin cancer can also develop
after long term exposure to cancer causing
chemicals . It can develop within a burn scar
or ulcer , and may also be caused by some
types of Human papilomavirus (HPV).
 It also caused by UV exposure.
 Melanoma can be caused by UV rays .but
melanomas can develop in parts of your body
that aren’t typically exposed to sun light.

16.  Cryotherapy : the growth of frozen using
liquid and the tissue is destroyed as it thaws .
 Excisional surgery: the growth & some of the
healthy skin surrounding it are cut out.
 Mohs surgery: the growth is removed layer by
layer.
 Chemotherapy: drugs are taken orally or
through IV.
 photodynamic therapy: a laser light and
drugs are used to destroy the cancer cells .

17.  Stage 0: the abnormal cells have not spread
beyond the outer most layer of skin , the
epidermis.
 Stage 1: the cancer may have spread to the
next layer of skin , the dermis , but it is no
longer than two centimeters.
 Stage 2: the tumor is larger than two
centimeters , but it has not spread to nearby
sites .

18.  Stage 3: the cancer has spread from the
primary tumor to nearby tissue or bone, and
it is larger than three centimeters.
 Stage 4: the cancer has spread beyond the
primary tumor site to lymph nodes and bone
or tissue . Tumor is also larger than three
centimeters.

19.  Avoid tanning beds and sun lamps.
 Avoid direct sun exposure when the sun is
strongest , from 10a.m. to 4p.m.,by staying
indoors or in the shade during those times .
 Apply sunscreen and lip balm with a sun
protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher to any
exposed skin at least 30 minutes before
heading outdoors .
 Wear sunglasses that offer 100 percent UVB
&UVA protection .

20.  Surgical excision is the treatment of choice
for small , superficial lesions.
 Deeper lesions require wide local excision ,
after which skin grafting may be needed.
 Regional lymph node dissection is commnly
performed to role out metastasis.
 Immunotherapy.
 Monoclonal antibodies directed at melanoma
antigens.
 Chemotherapy may be used for metastic
melanoma.

21.  Acute pain related to surgical excision and
grafting.
 Anxiety & depression related to possible life-
threatening consequences of melanoma &
disfigurement.
 Deficient knowledge about early signs of
melanoma .
 Risk for infection related to break in the skin
barrier.