English tenses course -lesson 2

1. English Tenses
Verónica Esteban Díaz

2. LESSON 2
 Objective:
 Learn present tenses and its uses
 Present simple
 Present continuous
 Present perfect
 Present perfect continuous

3. PRESENT SIMPLE
FORMS
 Positive
Subject
If the subject is the third person of the singular, –s or –es has to be added

4. PRESENT SIMPLE
FORMS
 Negative
Subject Auxiliar
If the subject is the third person of the singular, the auxiliar is does + not.
There is not neccesary to put –s or –es after the verb because it is in the auxiliar.

5. PRESENT SIMPLE
FORMS
 Interrogative
Auxiliar Subject
If the subject is the third person of the singular, the auxiliar is does.
There is not neccesary to put –s or –es after the verb because it is in the auxiliar.

6. EXAMPLES
 Positive:
I watch TV/ She watches TV
 Negative:
I don’t watch TV/ She doesn’t watch TV
 Interrogative:
Do you watch TV?/ Does she watch TV?

7. USES
 To talk about routines or what we do repeteadly
I get up early every day
 To talk about general truths or facts
Vegetarians don’t eat meat
 To give instructions (imperative)
Open the door

8. ADVERBS
 Present simple employs adverbs of time that implies routine and frequency
adverbs
 Adverbs of time
Always, sometimes, never, usually, often…
Every day, every month, every year…
On Sunday, Friday, or any day of the week…

9. EXERCISES
 http://www.isabelperez.com/happy/tenses/exercises/present_2.htm
 http://www.isabelperez.com/happy/tenses/exercises/habits.htm
 http://www.agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/present-simple.htm

10. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
FORMS
 Positive
Subject Auxiliar
The auxiliar is the verb to be, am/’m for the first person of the singular, is/’s for third person of
the singular and are/’re for plural and the pronoun you

11. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
FORMS
 Negative
Subject Auxiliar
Am not for the first person of the singular, is not/ isn’t for third person of the singular and are
not/aren’t for plural and the pronoun you

12. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
FORMS
 Interrogative
Auxiliar Subject
Am/’m for the first person of the singular, is/’s for third person of the singular and are/’re for
plural and the pronoun you

13. EXAMPLES
 Positive:
I’m playing basketball/She is playing basketball/You are playing basketball
 Negative:
I’m not playing basketball/She isn’t playing basketball/ You are not playing basketball
 Interrogative:
Am I playing basketball?/Is she playing basketball? Are you playing basketball?

14. USES
 To talk about something that is in progress or is happening in this moment
I’m talking with you
 To talk about something planned in the nearly future
We are visiting our aunt next month

15. ADVERBS
 Present continuous employs time expressions that implies recent actions
 Time expressions
Now, nowadays, at the moment, currently…

16. EXERCISES
 http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-continuous-exercise-5.html
 http://www.englisch-
hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_progressive_negation_contracted.htm
 http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/present_progressive.htm

17. PRESENT PERFECT
FORMS
 Positive
Subject Auxiliar
The auxiliar is the verb to have, has for third person of the singular and have for the rest

18. PRESENT PERFECT
FORMS
 Negative
Subject Auxiliar
Has not/ hasn’t for third person of the singular and have not/haven’t for the rest

19. PRESENT PERFECT
FORMS
 Interrogative
Auxiliar Subject
Has for the third person of the singular, have for the rest

20. EXAMPLES
 Positive:
I have talked to Sheila/ He has talked to Sheila
 Negative:
I haven’t talked to Sheila yet/He hasn’t talk to Sheila yet
 Interrogative:
Have you talked to Sheila?/Has he talked to Sheila?

21. USES
 To talk about situations that started in the past and are still continuing in the present
I have studied English all my life
 To talk about completed actions in the past that may can happen again
I have visited Las Vegas once
 To talk about recent situations or situations that not happened yet but we are waiting for them
He has just phoned to thank you for the gift
She hasn’t phoned yet
 To talk about something that could happen at some time in the future
As soon as I have done it, I call you.
 To talk about the present effects of something that happened in the past, it is the cause
I’ve lost my purse, so I need money for shopping

22. ADVERBS
 Present perfect employs indefinite time adverbs because the action is not
concrete
 Adverbs of indefinite time
Yet, still, never, just, ever…
 Prepositions of time
For, since…

23. EXERCISES
 http://www.isabelperez.com/happy/tenses/exercises/pres_perf_1.htm
 http://www.isabelperez.com/happy/tenses/exercises/present_perfect_mistakes.
htm
 http://www.agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/present-perfect

24. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
FORMS
 Positive
Subject Auxiliar
The auxiliar is the verb to have, has for third person of the singular and have for the rest

25. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
FORMS
 Negative
Subject Auxiliar
Has not/ hasn’t for third person of the singular and have not/haven’t for the rest

26. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
FORMS
 Interrogative
Auxiliar Subject
Has for the third person of the singular, have for the rest

27. EXAMPLES
 Positive:
I have been walking for two hours/ He has been walking for two hours
 Negative:
I haven’t been walking for two hours/He hasn’t been walking for two hours
 Interrogative:
Have you been walking for two hours?/Has he been walking for two hours?

28. USES
 To talk about situations that started in the past and are still continuing in the present
I have been studying English all my life
 To stress the period of time involved
You have been writing all the morning
 To refer to something that has recently stopped
It has been raining
 To explain a recent result, the focus is on the activity not in the result
My room is a mess. I’ve been redecorating it.

29. ADVERBS
 Present perfect continuous employs prepositions of time because they refer to
the duration of time
 Adverbs of indefinite time
Lately, recently…
 Prepositions of time
For, since…

30. EXERCISES
 https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-
progressive/exercises
 http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/presentperfectcontinuous/exercise2.ht
ml
 https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_present-perfect-
continuous_quiz.htm