.In this presentation,we will discuss about BULLETPROOF testing, and also types of bullets and guns and its bullet sizes . what are all the materials used for to manufacture bulletproof materials and also materials used for bullets and guns. and also Which material is best for bulletproof.

1. High Impact Load Test on Surfaces of Armour Vehicle- A Review
Department of Automobile Engineering
Presented by
Vamsi,K
15104047
Hindustan university
Chennai-603103.

3. CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION
1.INTRODUCTION
-Armour Vehicle Body.
-History of ballistic test.
-Ballistic tests and its types.
-Guns and bullets used in defence.
-ASTM ballistic standards.
-Working and its explanation.
-Applications in various fields.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
-Consolidation [process wise]
3.CONCLUSION.

4. INTRODUCTION
 Armour vehicles are very much essential role of our nation to protect from
attack of any enemies.
 Earliest known projectiles were arrows, stones or splints that may or may not
have been propelled by a bow or a catapult.
 Ballistics is a field in mechanics that deals with the study of the launching,
flight behaviour and effects of the projectile on the target.
 The outer surface of the vehicle is designed and fabricated in such a way that
to withstand high impact load of conical shaped Bullets and Projectiles.
 It is also deals with the design in the projectile and its acceleration in order to
achieve the desired performance.
Armour Vehicle Body ;

5. TYPES OF BALLISTICS
Ballistics is divided into three types;
Internal ballistics- deals with the launching of the projectile, that is, upon ignition
or expansion of compressed air until the projectile reaches the muzzle.
 External ballistics- it deals with the flight behaviour of the projectile that is, the
effects of air, wind or any other medium through which the projectile travels after
its launching.
 Terminal ballistics- it deals with the effects of the projectile upon impact on its
target(including intermediary targets)
BALLISTIC TEST REQUIREMENT
The real time Ballistic testing generally deals with the dimensions of the
bullets, then distance of the specimen from where the firing gun is placed, and type of
specimen which should withstand the Bullets impact load. The ballistic testing is
basically followed by ASTM Ballistic standards.

6. HISTORY OF BALLISTIC TESTS
• 1493-1508- Emperor Maximilian of Germany proposed rifling of guns in order to
impart rotatory motion to the projectile during firing. However the fact that
rifling marks on the projectile could aid in identification of the weapon that fired
it was not recognized until the 19th century.
• 1835- Henry Goddard of the Bow Street Runners examined the bullet from the
crime scene and noticed a defect on it. On comparing the mold found in the
suspect's home to the defect on the bullet a positive comparison was made which
lead to the conviction of the suspect. Bullets those day were made by pouring lead
into a mold

7. • 1860- In the Regina vs. Richardson case the evidence included a newspaper
wadding used to seal the bullet from the gunpowder. The wadding was found on
the victims wounds which contained The London Times paper of March 27th
1854. The same material of the same paper was found in the suspect's home. The
comparison of these two samples lead to conviction of the suspect.
• 1902- Oliver Wendell Holmes turned to magnification on account of increased
firearms manufacture which lead to standardization of rifling.
• 1912- Professor Balthazar used photography to document circumferences of the
bullets found at the crime scenes and those test fired.
• 1925- Charles E. Waite along with Calvin Goddard, Philippe Gravelle and John
Fischer founded the Bureau Forensic Ballistics in New York. Gravelle developed
comparison microscope and Fischer invented the helixometer.
Continued……

8. Ref:http://www.usarmybullets-typesofbullets-maximumsizeofabullet.shtml/in/com/org
Types of bullets used in defence

9. Types of Guns

12. Guns made in INDIA
Ref; www.types of bullets used in our Indian army/list of equipments used in Indian army.in

13. Ref:http://www.bulletproofglass.com/glassgeek/laminated-glass.shtml

14. Working ;
Ref:http://www.atkinsonsmirrorandglass.com/glassgeek/laminated-
glass.shtml
STAGE 1
STAGE 2
STAGE 3

18. Which material is best for Bulletproof ?
• Graphene
• It has light weight and can withstand high velocity bullets and other projectiles
• Types of bullets penetrating through graphene honeycomb structured material

19. ASTM ballistic standards
STANDARD THREAT VELOCITY
RANGE
[ft/sec]
No. of
shots
Spacing shot pattern[in.]
ASTM HG1 0.38 special 158gr RNL 850-900 3 4.5 4.0-5.0 inch triangle
ASTM HG2 0.357 magnum 158gr JSP 1350-1450 3 4.5 4.0-5.0 inch triangle
ASTM HG3 9mm parabellum 124gr FMC 1200-1300 3 4.5 4.0-5.0 inch triangle
ASTM HG4 0.44 magnum 240gr LGC 1400-1450 3 4.5 4.0-5.0 inch triangle
ASTM SMG 9mm parabellum 124gr FMC 1400-1500 3 4.5 4.0-5.0 inch triangle
ASTM R1 0.223 cal.5.56 NATO 55gr
M193
3200-3300 3 4.5 4.0-5.0 inch triangle
ASTM R2 0.30 cal. 30-06 180gr JSP 2850-3000 3 4.5 4.0-5.0 inch triangle
ASTM R3 0.30 cal.7.62 NATO 147gr M80 2700-2800 3 4.5 4.0-5.0 inch triangle
ASTM R4-AP 0.30 cal.30-06 166 gr M2 AP 2750-2850 1 - Center shot
ASTM SH1 12 gauge 3.0 inch Mag.808gr#
00buck
1150-1250 1 - Within an 8 inch
diameter circle
ASTM SH2 12 gauge 2 ¾ inch 438 gr slug 1600-1700 3 4.5 4.0-5.0 inch triangle

20. APPLICATIONS IN VARIOUS FIELDS
The bullet-proof glass used in VIP & VVIP cars for better
safety purpose.
Flight front glass & Helicopter glasses are made up of Acrylic,
polycarbonate for to protect from high velocity bullets &
projectiles.
Armour vehicle body are made up of bullet proof materials in
combat vehicles.
Armour vehicles fuel outer casing are made up of bullet proof
materials to protect from bullets & projectiles.
 Armour vests are used to protect human from high velocity
bullets.

22. Bullet proof tyres are specially
made up of Kelvar & other
polymers
Bullet proof material – After
firing 2 shots on that material

23. LITERATURE REVIEW
TITLE AUTHOR MATERIAL
USED
TEST
CONDUCTED
COCLUSION
Copolyterephthal
ates containing
tetramethylcyclob
utane with impact
and
ballistic
properties greater
than bisphenol A
polycarbonate
Chad J. Booth ,
Megan Kindinger
, Heather R.
McKenzie , Jesse
Handcock Alan V.
Bray , Gary W.
Beall
co-polyester
derived from
2,2,4,4-
tetramethyl-1,3-
cyclobutanediol
(CBDO), 1,3-
propanediol
(PDO), and
dimethyl
terephthalate
(DMT).
IZOD TESTING It is believed that
the polymer
chains in these
copolyterephthala
tes are coiled.
Upon impact,
these coils have
the ability to
absorb the force of
impact via
partial/temporary
chain uncoiling.
IZOD TESTING

24. • IMPACT TESTING
TITLE AUTHOR MATERIAL
USED
TEST
CONDUCTED
COCLUSION
Copolyterephthal
ates containing
tetramethylcyclo
butane with
impact and
ballistic
properties
greater than
bisphenol A
polycarbonate
Chad J. Booth ,
Megan Kindinger
, Heather R.
McKenzie , Jesse
Handcock Alan V.
Bray , Gary W.
Beall
co-polyester
derived from
2,2,4,4-
tetramethyl-1,3-
cyclobutanediol
(CBDO), 1,3-
propanediol
(PDO), and
dimethyl
terephthalate
(DMT).
IMPACT TEST Polymers
containing large
amount of CBDO
greater thyan
50% could be
molded at 265 C
and could be
solvent last into
sustainable films

25. TENSILE TEST
TITLE AUTHOR MATERIAL
USED
TEST
CONDUCTED
COCLUSION
Ballistic impact
performance of
Kevlar-29 and
Al2O3
powder/epoxy
targets
under high
velocity impact
A.R. Abu Talib
,L.H. Abbud A. Ali
, F.Mustapha
Kevlar-29 layers
and Al2O3
powder/epoxy
TENSILE TEST *The Kevlar-29
fiber and Al2O3
powder reinforced
composite
materials have a
high level of
energy absorbed
from impact.
ANALYSIS OF
COMPOSITE
MATERIALS
USED IN
BULLET PROOF
VESTS USING
FEM
TECHNIQUE
Puran Singh,
Vikas Malik,
Priyawart Lathe
Kevlar 49 ,
Twaron ,
Dyneema
TENSILE TEST we conclude that
dyneema fibers
are the best
among three
fibers that we
have analysed, as
it had the
minimum
deflection under
given force of the
striking bullet.

26. SPLIT HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR TEST
TITLE AUTHOR MATERIAL
USED
TEST
CONDUCTED
COCLUSION
Ballistic
resistance of high
hardness armor
steels against
7.62mm armor
piercing
ammunition.
,Marmara ,
turkey
high hardness
steel,500HB
armor steeel
SPLIT
HOPKINSON
PRESSURE BAR
in this study the
perforation
resistance of high
hardness steel
against 7.62mm
armor piercing
bullet has been
determined
numerically and
compared with
experimental
results

27. BALLISTIC TEST , BALLISTIC IMPACT TEST & BALLISTIC
RESISTANCE TEST
TITLE AUTHOR MATERIAL USED TEST
CONDUCTED
COCLUSION
Ballistic resistance
of high hardness
armor steels
against 7.62mm
armor piercing
ammunition.
,Marmara ,
turkey
high hardness
steel,500HB armor
steeel
BALLISTIC
TESTING
in this study the
perforation
resistance of high
hardness steel
against 7.62mm
armor piercing
bullet has been
determined
numerically and
compared with
experimental
results

28. continued
TITLE AUTHOR MATERIAL USED TEST
CONDUCTE
D
COCLUSION
Ballistic testing of
transparent
armour ceramics
E. Straßburger glass
Polycarbonate
Ballistic test light weight reduction
in comparison to the
conventional
transparent armor
*the protective strength
of 4 different
transparent ceramics
has been assessed by
ballistics tests ,
Copolyterephthalat
es containing
tetramethylcyclobu
tane with impact
and
ballistic properties
greater than
bisphenol A
polycarbonate
Chad J. Booth ,
Megan Kindinger ,
Heather R.
McKenzie , Jesse
Handcock Alan V.
Bray , Gary W.
Beall
co-polyester derived
from 2,2,4,4-
tetramethyl-1,3-
cyclobutanediol
(CBDO), 1,3-
propanediol
(PDO), and dimethyl
terephthalate (DMT).
Ballistic test *Cis ratio increases
impact properties
increases impact
properties increases.

29. continued
TITLE AUTHOR MATERIAL USED TEST
CONDUCTED
CONCLUSION
Inelastic
deformation and
failure of tungsten
carbide under
ballistic-loading
conditions
P.J. Hazell, G.J.
Appleby-Thomas,
K. Herlaar, J.
Painter
Tungsten carbide Ballistic impact
test
impact test using
12mm tungsten
carbide projectile
where carried out
velocity ranging
28m/sec to 48
m/sec
NANOTECHNOL
OGY FOR
BALLISTIC
MATERIALS:
FROM
CONCEPTS TO
PRODUCTS
Víctor M. Castaño,
Rogelio Rodríguez
PROTECTIVE
MATERIALS
like kelvar
graphene,
titanium etc
bullet resistant
technology and
testing will be
conducted
Today, the area of
materials for various
types of protection
represents a unique
opportunity . Some
other desirable
features for armour
garments can be
achieved with
current techniques
available

30. TITLE AUTHOR MATERIAL
USED
TEST
CONDUCTED
CONCLUSION
Numerically
Study of Ballistic
Impact of
Polycarbonate
Basim Mohammed
Fadhel
Polycarbonate V50 Ballistic Test
for Armor
In this paper we
concluded that- To
improve the
material
properties to
withstand certain
velocity
projectiles.
A Comparison of
Ballistic
Resistance Testing
Techniques in the
Department of
Defense
THOMAS H.
JOHNSON,
LAURA
FREEMAN,
JANICE
HESTER, AND
JONATHAN L.
BELL
Ammunition , Ballistic
resistance testing
,
Ballistic
resistance testing
is conducted in the
Department of
Defense (DoD) to
estimate the
probability that a
projectile will
perforate the
armor of a system
under test.
Continued…

31. TITLE AUTHOR MATERIAL USED TEST
CONDUCTED
CONCLUSION
Design of
Automatic
Interpretation
Expert System for
Weapons Ballistic
Testing Data
Zhiwei Du, Yi
Huang,
Man-machiines ,
Reasoning
machine ,
Knowledge
acquisition
machine are used
for ballistic testing
Ballistic testing In this paper ,The
popularity of the
system is better
and it can be
applied in other
testing data
interpretation
automatically.
Design,Manufactu
re and analysis of
ceramic composite
armour
L.Bracamonte ,
R.Loutfy,
I.K.Yilmozcoban.
S.D.Rajan
. Following are
ceramics that are
commonly used:- -
Aluminium -
Steel -
Polyethylene -
Aramid -
Aluminium oxide -
Silicon oxide -
Boron carbide -
Titanium di boride
ballistic testing Unfortunately, while
the substantial
benefits of ceramic
confinement are well
known,
implementation into
practical applications
has not been realised
owing to the and
bulk will be
added.perception
that substantial
weight and bulk will
be added.
continued

32. TITLE AUTHOR MATERIAL USED TEST
CONDUCTED
CONCLUSION
Processing,
Mechanical
Properties, and
Ballistic Impact
Effects of
Austempered
Ductile Iron
John F. Chinella,
Brian Pothier, and
Martin G. H. Wells
austempered
ductile iron
V-50 ballistic limit
(V-50) test
Tests that obtain
the V-50
for armor
acceptance tests
require two, four,
or six impacts
within a narrow
range of test
velocities
of about 18-30 m/s.
Ballistic impact
behaviour of thick
composites:
Parametric studies
N.K. Naik *, A.V.
Doshi
composite
materials such as
polycarbide, kevlar
,glass-reinforced
polymers , S 2
Glass &. Dyneema
ballistic testing The experimental
ballistic limit
velocity for the
case of 5 mm
thickness was 148
m/s and for the
case of 4 mm
thickness it was
137 m/s.
continued

33. TITLE AUTHOR MATERIAL USED TEST
CONDUCTED
CONCLUSION
Analytical and
experimental
studies on ballistic
impact behavior
of carbon nanotube
dispersed resin
Kedar S. Pandya,
N.K. Naik*
Carbon nanotubes Ballistic impact
testing
to withstand the
subtrate not to
penetrate with the
high velocity
bullet.
Ballistic
performance of
armor
ceramics:Influence
of design and
structure.
Eugene
Medvedovski
composite ceramics BALLISTIC TEST It is not possible to
recommend the
"best" ceramic
material that may
be the most
suitable for each
ballistis situations
also taking into
account the
manufacturing
ability,weight and
cost
continued

34. CONCLUSION
• In this present study, it was found that the materials like Laminated
glass with Polycarbonate, kelvar-49, kelvar-29, Al2O3 powder,
Honeycomb ceramics, Dyneema and Titanium armour are subjected to
Ballistic test
• Kelver-29 and Al2O3 powder re-in forced composite materials have high
energy absorbtion.
• Dyneema fibbers are better because it has minimum deflection under
striking of bullets.
• ADI has equal or greater resistance to Ballistic penetration vs. 0.30-
cal, APM2 projectile.
• The material selection for the suitable Ballistic situation is based on
the manufacturing ability, weight and cost

35. REFERENCE
• [1] Chad J. Booth , Megan Kindinger , Heather R. McKenzie , Jesse Handcock Alan V. Bray , Gary
W. Beall.
• ‘Copolyterephthalates containing tetramethylcyclobutane with impact and
ballistic properties greater than biphenyl a polycarbonate’,
• [2] A.R. Abu Talib , L.H. Abbud A. Ali , F.Mustapha.
• ‘Ballistic impact performance of Kevlar-29 and Al2O3 powder/epoxy targets under high velocity
impact’,
• [3] Puran Singh, VikasMalik, Priyawart Lathe .
• ‘Analysis of Composite materials used in bullet proof vests using FEM Technique’,
• [4] Eugene Medvedovski.
• ‘Ballistic performance of Armour ceramics: Influence of design and structure’,
• [5] Marmara from turkey
• ‘ Ballistic resistance of high hardness armour steels against 7.62mm armour piercing ammunition’,

36. REFERENCE
• [6] E. Straßburger.
• ‘Ballistic testing of transparent armour ceramics’,
• [7] P.H. Hazell, G.J. Appleby-Thomas, K. Herlaar, J. Painter.
• ‘Inelastic deformation and failure of tungsten carbide under ballistic-loading conditions’,
• [8] Víctor M. Castaño, Rogelio Rodríguez .
• ‘Nano technology for Ballistic materials, from concepts to products’,
• [9] Basim Mohammed Fadhel .
• ‘Numerically Study of Ballistic Impact of Polycarbonate’,
• [10] THOMAS H. JOHNSON, LAURA FREEMAN, JANICE HESTER, AND JONATHAN L.
BELL.
• ‘A Comparison of Ballistic Resistance Testing Techniques in the Department of Defence’,

37. REFERENCE
• [11] Zhiwei Du, Yi Huang.
• ‘Design of Automatic Interpretation Expert System for Weapons Ballistic Testing Data’,
• [12] Vit Nezwal, Stanislav Procházka .
• ‘Improvement of the Barrel Bore Quality of Hammer Forged Barrels’,
• [13] L.Bracamonte, R.Loutfy, I.K.Yilmozcoban, S.D.Rajan.
• ‘Design, Manufacture and analysis of ceramic composite armour’,
• [14] N.K. Naik *, A.V. Doshi.
• ‘Ballistic impact behaviour of thick composites: Parametric studies’,
• [15] Kedar. S. Pandya, N.K. Naik*.
• ‘analytical and experimental studies on Ballistic Impact behaviour of carbon Nano tubes despised
and resin’,