About Brakes and its types and the materials used to manufacture brake pads . Working process of disc and drum brakes,Classifications.Applications (where we are using these types of materials).and main thing is discussing about brake disc pad formulation table

1. By
Vamsi.K
15104047
Hindustan University,
Chennai-603103.

2.  Disk brakes
convert kinetic
energy from the
car into thermal
energy by friction

3.  The brake fluid compresses the piston inside the
brake caliper applying pressure to the brake pads

4.  Connected to the axel
– rotating at the same
speed as the wheel
 Generally made out
of steel
 Commonly slotted or
drilled for extra heat
dissipation

5.  Fixed in the brake
caliper
 Various compounds of
materials are used
 Wear over time and
must be replaced

6.  Increase pad and rotor life
 Reduce brake noise
 Cooling to prevent heat fade
 Maximize braking force
 Federal Safety Requirements
 Environmental Impact

7.  Passenger Cars:
◦ Low noise and wear
 Trucks and SUV’s:
◦ Heavier weight requires better braking
 High Performance Cars:
◦ Need maximum braking and cooling

8.  Asbestos
 Semi-Metallic
 Non-Asbestos Organics
 Low Steel
 Carbon
 Exact composition of each manufacturer’s pads is
a closely guarded secret

10.  Widely used in early disk brake applications
 Good for absorbing and dissipating heat
 Average stopping power
 Asbestos is legally regulate due to it’s
carcinogenic properties
 No longer used due to health risks

11.  Range from 30% to 65% metal and filler
 Different pads use Steel, Iron, and Copper
 Harder material is very durable and has excellent
heat resistance
 Creates more noise and dust
 Used in most cars and SUV’s

12.  Low to medium coefficient of friction ~ 0.28 –0.38
 Relatively high mu variation (temperature, duty cycle)
 Good fade characteristics
 Poor wear at low temps., <100C
 Excellent wear at temps. over 200C
 Good wear under heavy loads
 Poor wear at high speeds
 Generally inferior Noise, Vibration & Harshness compared
to NAOs
 Contains no copper
 Low initial cost
 High fluid temperatures can be an issue

13.  Typically contain nonferrous metals, inorganic and
organic fibers, abrasives, lubricants and property
modifiers such as glass, rubber, kevlar and carbon
 Typically used in high performance cars
 Also referred to as “ceramics”

14.  Low to medium-high coefficient of friction ~ 0.33 –
0.40.
 Excellent wear at lower temps. < 200C.
 Good for wheel dust.
 Relatively poor wear under heavy duty conditions and
at higher friction levels.
 Good noise & roughness characteristics
 Can have morning effectiveness noise – squealing
noise on first couple of brake applies in the morning
 More expensive.

15.  Typically contain ferrous and nonferrous metals,
inorganic and organic fibers, aggressive
abrasives, lots of carbonaceous and sulfide
lubricants
 Replacing semi-metallic as the standard for
passenger cars

16.  Higher coefficient of friction levels ~ 0.38 –0.50
 Good pedal feel and braking confidence
 Good fade and high speed performance
 High pad/rotor wear
 Good for high speed wear
 Lots of wheel dust
 Inferior noise and life.

17.  Composite materials
reinforced with carbon
fibers
 Used for both pads and
rotors
 Used in Formula 1 and
other race cars
 Major manufacturers
include Hitco, Brembo
and Carbon Industries

18.  Light weight – rotors weigh less than 1kg
 High coefficient of friction - can decelerate an F1
car at over 5G
 Operating temperature is around 800-1000°C
 Extremely expensive to produce

19.  Text:
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_pads
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_brake
 http://auto.howstuffworks.com/auto-parts/brakes/brake-types/disc-brake.htm
 www.suscon.org/bpp/pdfs/OEBrakePads.pdf
 http://www.performancefriction.com/pages/pad_type.htm
 http://www.f1technical.net/articles/2
 Images:
 http://stmarysjin.org.uk/hsw/gif/disc-brake3.jpg
 http://www.akebonobrakes.com/oem/brake_products/images/3d_exploded_calip
er.gif
 https://www.nzad.co.nz/store/images/standard%20brake%20rotor
%20(Small).jpg
 http://www.good-win-racing.com/miata/images/items/GWR-078.jpg