drone presentation

1. MINI DRONE

3. INTRODUCTION
•Any aircraft or flying machine operated
without a human pilot such machines is
called
an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). It
can be guided autonomously or remotely by
a human operator using onboard
computers and robots.
•During surveillance or military operation,
UAVs can be a part of an unmanned
aircraft system (UAS), Drones are
separately for air and water
•Drones have become increasingly popular
in recent years. They are used for a variety
of purposes, including photography,
videography, surveying, inspection, and
even delivery.

4. PARTS OF DRONE
1.Drone frame
2.Drone motors
3.Electronic Speed
Controller (ESC)
4.Flight Controller Board
5.Propellers
6.Radio transmitter &
receiver
7.Battery and power
distribution cables
8.Landing gear
9.Battery charger

6. The Drone frames are available in many
different materials like Aluminum, Carbon
Fiber, Plastic, Glass fiber, PCB fiber, etc.
Each material has some pros and some
cons. Ideally, the frame material should
be lightweight, robust, and steady.
A quadcopter has four rotors, so four motors are
required. Essential characteristics of a drone motor
are KV rating, voltage, amperage, recommended
propeller size, and torque. The KV rating and
torque are inversely proportional to each other. The
higher the KV rating, the faster the motor RPM will
be, but the less will be the motor torque. So, a
motor with a higher RPM can run faster but carry
less load for a given voltage. The recommended
propeller size must comply with the drone frame.
The motors must be placed in drones at least 3-
propeller distance from each other.

7. Electronic Speed Controller (ESC
The electronic speed controller (ESC) controls the
speed and direction of the BLDC motors. The ESC
unit’s amperage must always be higher than the
total current drawn by all engines and other
components. The more power the motors consume
as the drone flies at a higher altitude. Therefore, the
ESC selection determines the height the drone can
fly. The ESC is interfaced between the flight
controller board and the drone motor. It converts the
DC power from the battery to a 3-phase AC to drive
the drone motors. ESC has four input terminals. Out
of these, two terminals connect with the LiPo
battery. Then, two terminals connect with the flight
controller board
Propellers
The propellers produce downward thrust to lift the
drone in the air. These are also called pushers
because the drone propellers come in pairs of two
pairs. One pair of propellers rotate clockwise, and
the other pair rotate anti-clockwise. When
propellers rotate, they create a low-pressure
region above and a high-pressure region
downside. This lets the drone lift in the air.

8. Radio transmitter &
receiver
A radio transmitter-receiver or radio controller is a remote controller connecting the pilot with the
drone. It is only possible with a radio controller that a drone pilot can maneuver the drone. The
radio controllers operate at one of the fixed radio frequencies. The compatible receiver unit is
interfaced with the flight controller board on the drone. The transmitter, which looks like a
gamepad, is used by the drone pilot to change the drone’s altitude, speed, direction, and
orientation.

9. Battery & power distribution cables
Lithium Polymer batteries are used in drones. The LiPo batteries have high energy density and
provide a higher voltage of 3.7V per cell. A pack of three or four batteries in series and two or
three batteries in parallel, like a 3S2P or 4S configuration of LiPo battery, is sufficient to power a
drone flight. The capacity of the battery determines the flight time of the drone.
The battery is specified by its amperage configuration/voltage and current rating. For example, a
LiPo battery for a drone with specification 2200 mAh 3S 30C has a capacity of 2200 mAh, a
voltage output of 3*3.7V or 11.1V, and current production of 30*2200 mA or 66A.
The higher will be the capacity of the battery, the more significant could be the flight time.

10. EXPECTED PROTOTYPE