Restoring airway patency

1. Restoring Airway Patency

2. Airway management includes a set of maneuvers
and medical procedures performed to prevent
and relieve airway obstruction. This ensures an
open pathway for gas exchange between a
patient's lungs and the atmosphere.

3. Infraglottic Techniques
 Tracheal Intubation
 Endotracheal tube

4. Tracheal Intubation
 Tracheal intubation uses a wide range of devices to insert a tube into the
airway through the throat. The tube often provides life-saving ventilation,
but can also be used to clear the airway or even to deliver medication,
particularly in a hospital setting.

5. Endotracheal tube
 An endotracheal tube is a flexible plastic tube that is placed through
the mouth into the trachea (windpipe) to help a patient breathe. The
endotracheal tube is then connected to a ventilator, which delivers oxygen
to the lungs. The process of inserting the tube is called endotracheal
intubation.
 Endotracheal intubation is done to: Keep the airway open in order to give
oxygen, medicine, or anesthesia. Support breathing in certain illnesses,
such as pneumonia, emphysema, heart failure, collapsed lung or severe
trauma.

6. Supraglottic Devices
 Oropharyngeal Airway
 Nasopharyngeal airway
 Laryngeal mask airway

7. Oropharyngeal Airway
 An oropharyngeal airway (oral airway, OPA) is an airway adjunct used to
maintain or open the airway by stopping the tongue from covering
epiglottis. In this position, the tongue may prevent an individual from
breathing.
 Use an oropharyngeal airway only if the patient is unconscious or
minimally responsive because it may stimulate gagging, which poses a
risk of aspiration. Nasopharyngeal airways are preferred for obtunded
patients with intact gag reflexes.

8. Nasopharyngeal airway
 A nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) is a soft, anatomically designed airway
adjunct which is inserted into the nasal passageway to provide airway
patency. The flared distal end prevents the device from becoming lost
within the nare.
 Indications for Nasopharyngeal Airway
1. Spontaneously breathing patients with soft tissue obstruction of the
upper airway.
2. Sometimes for dilation and anesthesia of the nasal passage to prepare for
nasotracheal intubation

9. Laryngeal mask airway
 Laryngeal mask airway used as a temporary method to maintain an open
airway during the administration of anesthesia or as an immediate life-
saving measure in a patient with a difficult or failed airway.

10. Surgical Methods
 Cricothyrotomy
 Tracheotomy

11. Cricothyrotomy
 A cricothyrotomy (also called cric, crike, thyrocricotomy,
cricothyroidotomy, inferior laryngotomy, intercricothyrotomy, coniotomy
or emergency airway puncture) is an incision made through the skin and
cricothyroid membrane to establish a patent airway during certain life-
threatening situations, such as airway obstruction by a foreign body,
angioedema, or massive facial trauma.
 There are four indications for the cricothyrotomy procedure: Upper
airway obstruction. Laryngeal spasm. Trismus.

12. Tracheotomy
 A tracheotomy or a tracheostomy
is an opening surgically created
through the neck into the trachea
(windpipe) to allow direct access
to the breathing tube and is
commonly done in an operating
room under general anesthesia.
 A tracheostomy is usually done for
one of three reasons: to bypass an
obstructed upper airway; to clean
and remove secretions from the
airway; to more easily, and usually
more safely, deliver oxygen to the
lungs.

13. Mask Ventilation
 Face Mask Ventilation
 Oronasal Mask
 Nasal Mask

14. Face Mask Ventilation
 Face mask ventilation is a vital skill for all medical providers. This
intervention may be appropriate when a person shows signs of hypoxic
respiratory failure, apnea, an inability to protect the airway, or an altered
mental state caused by exertion or hypoxia. Proper position of the head,
neck, and jaw is critical for ensuring proper oxygen delivery.
This approach to ventilation is versatile and uses a wide variety of
equipment, including bag-based masks. A proper seal is key to the
functioning of this equipment.

15. Oronasal Mask
 Oral-nasal mask is a breathing mask that covers the mouth and the nose
only.

16. Nasal Mask
 Nasal masks are used to deliver oxygen to people who don't otherwise
get enough of it. They are commonly used to provide relief to people with
respiratory disorders. A nasal cannula consists of a flexible tube that is
placed under the nose.

17. Thank You