Bitter gourd Production Technology under plastic tunnel

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UbaidAbdulKhaliq

Off-season farming of Bitter Gourd

Science

UBAID ABDUL KHALIQ
17-ARID-3261
SUBMITTEDTO:
DR.TANVEER HUSSAIN

BITTER GOURD
PRODUCTION
UNDER PLASTIC
TUNNEL

Introduction
■ Family: Cucurbitaceae
■ Botanical Name: Momordica charantia L
■ Local Name: Karala
■ Origin:TropicalAsia
■ Plant Nature: Annual, vine plant

Important Factors in Off season
Cultivation
■ Increase cost of using season, extender production system
■ High yield
■ High profits
■ Sustainability

Cultivation under Plastic tunnel
LowTunnels
• FlexibleTransparent covers
• Installed over rows or individual beds
• Warm air and soil
• Protection from hails, cold wind
• Cost effective where temperature falls below
8C for 30-40 days

Nursery Raising
Green House Plastic Pro-trays

Nursery Raising
■ 1.5’’ cell pro-trays
■ Soil less media
■ December- January SowingTime
■ Transplanted:

Nursery Raising
1.5’’ cell pro-
trays
Soil less
media
December-
January
SowingTime
Transplanted:
28-30days
after sowing
PlasticTunnel
Mid Jan- mid
Feb.

Bed Preparation
Galvanized Iron Hoops IR Grade Plastic

Bed Preparation
■ Iron hoops fixed at a distance of 1.5m to 2.5m
■ Arch Shaped
■ Height: 1.5m-2.5m
■ Width: 40-60 cm
■ Distance b/w Row: 1.5m-1.6m

Transplanting
■ 30 Days after sowing
■ Single row on each bed
■ P-P distance: 50cm
■ R-R distance: 1.5-1.6m

Ventilation
■ Plastic is usually covered in afternoon after transplantation.
■ To maintain the temperature plastic can be vented
■ 3-4 cm sized vents are made

Pollination
■ Monoecious, require pollination
Honey Bee (Aphis melifera)
Bee-hive kept on north side
30000-50000 workers/acre

Fertigation
■ Through drip irrigation
■ 4m3 per 1000 m2 of water applied during 1st and 2nd month
■ During First month NPK@ 5:3:5 80-100 ppm/m3 of water
■ 6-7 days interval in First month
■ 4 days interval in second month
■ During second month 120-100 ppm fertilizer/m3 of water
■ After flowering reduce fertilizer quantity 20-30 ppm

Diseases
Powder mildew and
Downey mildew

Pest
Aphid
Control: imidachloprid@0.5ml/ltr
Red Pumpkin Beetle
Control: Dicofol 18.5% SC@2.5ml/ltr

Harvesting
■ 2nd week of April to last week of April
■ CropAdvancement: 30-40 days than under normal condition

References
■ Rupesh Lawwa & Barlaj singh(2013),Center for protected cultivation technology,
IndianAgriculture Research Institute New Delhi

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Context. WASP-76 b has been a recurrent subject of study since the detection of a signature in high-resolution transit spectroscopy data indicating an asymmetry between the two limbs of the planet. The existence of this asymmetric signature has been confirmed by multiple studies, but its physical origin is still under debate. In addition, it contrasts with the absence of asymmetry reported in the infrared (IR) phase curve. Aims. We provide a more comprehensive dataset of WASP-76 b with the goal of drawing a complete view of the physical processes at work in this atmosphere. In particular, we attempt to reconcile visible high-resolution transit spectroscopy data and IR broadband phase curves. Methods. We gathered 3 phase curves, 20 occultations, and 6 transits for WASP-76 b in the visible with the CHEOPS space telescope. We also report the analysis of three unpublished sectors observed by the TESS space telescope (also in the visible), which represents 34 phase curves. Results. WASP-76 b displays an occultation of 260±11 and 152±10 ppm in TESS and CHEOPS bandpasses respectively. Depending on the composition assumed for the atmosphere and the data reduction used for the IR data, we derived geometric albedo estimates that range from 0.05 ± 0.023 to 0.146 ± 0.013 and from <0.13 to 0.189 ± 0.017 in the CHEOPS and TESS bandpasses, respectively. As expected from the IR phase curves, a low-order model of the phase curves does not yield any detectable asymmetry in the visible either. However, an empirical model allowing for sharper phase curve variations offers a hint of a flux excess before the occultation, with an amplitude of ∼40 ppm, an orbital offset of ∼−30◦ , and a width of ∼20◦ . We also constrained the orbital eccentricity of WASP-76 b to a value lower than 0.0067, with a 99.7% confidence level. This result contradicts earlier proposed scenarios aimed at explaining the asymmetry observed in high-resolution transit spectroscopy. Conclusions. In light of these findings, we hypothesise that WASP-76 b could have night-side clouds that extend predominantly towards its eastern limb. At this limb, the clouds would be associated with spherical droplets or spherically shaped aerosols of an unknown species, which would be responsible for a glory effect in the visible phase curves.

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Bitter gourd Production Technology under plastic tunnel

1. UBAID ABDUL KHALIQ 17-ARID-3261 SUBMITTEDTO: DR.TANVEER HUSSAIN

2. BITTER GOURD PRODUCTION UNDER PLASTIC TUNNEL

3. Introduction ■ Family: Cucurbitaceae ■ Botanical Name: Momordica charantia L ■ Local Name: Karala ■ Origin:TropicalAsia ■ Plant Nature: Annual, vine plant

4. Important Factors in Off season Cultivation ■ Increase cost of using season, extender production system ■ High yield ■ High profits ■ Sustainability

5. Cultivation under Plastic tunnel LowTunnels • FlexibleTransparent covers • Installed over rows or individual beds • Warm air and soil • Protection from hails, cold wind • Cost effective where temperature falls below 8C for 30-40 days

6. Nursery Raising Green House Plastic Pro-trays

7. Nursery Raising ■ 1.5’’ cell pro-trays ■ Soil less media ■ December- January SowingTime ■ Transplanted:

8. Nursery Raising 1.5’’ cell pro- trays Soil less media December- January SowingTime Transplanted: 28-30days after sowing PlasticTunnel Mid Jan- mid Feb.

9. Bed Preparation Galvanized Iron Hoops IR Grade Plastic

10. Bed Preparation ■ Iron hoops fixed at a distance of 1.5m to 2.5m ■ Arch Shaped ■ Height: 1.5m-2.5m ■ Width: 40-60 cm ■ Distance b/w Row: 1.5m-1.6m

11. Transplanting ■ 30 Days after sowing ■ Single row on each bed ■ P-P distance: 50cm ■ R-R distance: 1.5-1.6m

12. Ventilation ■ Plastic is usually covered in afternoon after transplantation. ■ To maintain the temperature plastic can be vented ■ 3-4 cm sized vents are made

13. Pollination ■ Monoecious, require pollination Honey Bee (Aphis melifera) Bee-hive kept on north side 30000-50000 workers/acre

14. Fertigation ■ Through drip irrigation ■ 4m3 per 1000 m2 of water applied during 1st and 2nd month ■ During First month NPK@ 5:3:5 80-100 ppm/m3 of water ■ 6-7 days interval in First month ■ 4 days interval in second month ■ During second month 120-100 ppm fertilizer/m3 of water ■ After flowering reduce fertilizer quantity 20-30 ppm

15. Diseases Powder mildew and Downey mildew

16. Pest Aphid Control: imidachloprid@0.5ml/ltr Red Pumpkin Beetle Control: Dicofol 18.5% SC@2.5ml/ltr

17. Harvesting ■ 2nd week of April to last week of April ■ CropAdvancement: 30-40 days than under normal condition

18. References ■ Rupesh Lawwa & Barlaj singh(2013),Center for protected cultivation technology, IndianAgriculture Research Institute New Delhi

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