This is a presentation given to the BITSS Research Transparency and Reproducibility Training workshop on August 27, 2021.

1. www.bitss.org @ucbitss #RT2virtual
Copyright, Contracts & Open Licensing
for Digital Scholarship
BITSS Research Transparency and Reproducibility Training
August 27, 2021

2. www.bitss.org @ucbitss #RT2virtual
Timothy Vollmer, UC Berkeley Library
Office of Scholarly Communication Services
We work with researchers at UC Berkeley (and across the
UC) on navigating publishing, intellectual property, and
information policy in their research, scholarship, and
instruction.

3. www.bitss.org @ucbitss #RT2virtual
Pre-Registration
Pre-Analysis Plans
Power Planning
Data Management
Version Control
Transparent Reporting
& Disclosure
Data Repositories
Open Access
Preprints
Dynamic Documents
RT2 Roadmap
Dynamic Documents
Publication Bias Failure to Replicate
Researcher Degrees
of Freedom
Scientific
Misconduct
Results-Blind Review /
Registered Reports
Ethical Research
Statistical Literacy
Evidence Synthesis

4. We’ll help you
think about how you
can use other
people’s stuff
Edwards, F., Lee, H., Esposito, M., 2019. Risk of being killed by
police use of force in the United States by age, race–ethnicity, and
sex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences..
doi:10.1073/pnas.1821204116

5. You’re an author
& you have rights

6. Article
Using others’
works:
Choices
Matter
Data

7. Controlling an organic synthesis robot
with machine learning to search for new reactivity

8. [Y]ou grant each User of GitHub a nonexclusive, worldwide
license to use, display, and perform Your Content through
the GitHub Service and to reproduce Your Content solely
on GitHub
... You may grant further rights if you adopt a license.
GitHub Terms of Service
https://help.github.com/articles/github-terms-of-service/#d-user-generated-content

9. Creative Commons
Attribution License

10. COPYRIGHT

11. What is COPYRIGHT?
Exclusive rights
to make certain uses
of original expression
for limited period of time
Photo by Luis Alfonso Orellana on Unsplash
"Large copyright graffiti sign on cream colored wall" by Ho
Varlan is licensed under CC BY 2.0

12. Exclusive Rights
● Reproduction
● Derivative works
● Distribution
● Public performance
● Public display
Photo by Luis Alfonso Orellana on Unsplash

13. Not invoking any exclusive rights by providing
links to lawfully-uploaded content:
● It’s not reproduction
● It’s not a derivative work
● It’s not distribution
● It’s not a performance
● It’s not public display
Three horizontal rusted chains
crossed by two poles
https://unsplash.com/photos/TcFq4-ulczU
Linking Exclusive Right
That’s why it’s always okay
to link to lawful content.

14. Limited Period
● Varies, but at least author’s
life + 70 years
● Within “protected” period,
you need author’s permission
to reproduce, display,
perform, etc.
Photo by Luis Alfonso Orellana on Unsplash
Photo by Jon Tyson on Unsplash

15. If copyright gives authors
exclusive rights for so long, how
can we ever use anything?

16. Limitations
Protects expression, not ideas or facts
https://thesocietypages.org/toolbox/police-killing-of-blacks/
Must be original, authored, fixed
Photo by John Maffei, CC BY-ND 2.0

17. Other limitations: The Public Domain
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT WORKS EXPIRED COPYRIGHT
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/100/100-h/100-h.htm
https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-21-526
https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b271432

18. So if something *is* protected,
we have to get permission
to use it?

19. Not if an
exception like
fair use
applies
"Fair use cat mural, Electronic Frontier Foundation, California,
USA" by gruntzooki is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0

20. “The fair use of a copyrighted
work…for purposes such as
criticism, comment, news
reporting, teaching…,
scholarship, or research, is
not an infringement of
copyright.”
17 U.S.C. § 107

21. FOUR-FACTOR BALANCING TEST
1. Purpose & character of use
Nonprofit educational more likely fair than
commercial; “transformativeness” dominates.
2. Nature of copyrighted work
More likely fair if you’re using factual or
scholarly work.
3. Amount and substantiality
Size & importance of portion used in
relation to whole.
4. Effect on potential market
Less likely fair if use supplants market for
purchasing/licensing original.
Photo by Piret Ilver on Unsplash

22. Locate
rightsholders &
keep track of
your requests
https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/watch/
copyright.gov

23. CONTRACTS

24. Databases

25. Website
Terms of Use
If you intend to quote extensive
amounts of text, use other original
content, or reproduce images from
this site, please contact us for
permission.
http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/use/

26. How to apply a license
to your own work:
● Articles
● Multimedia
● Data
● Software

27. Creative Commons
MIT License & GNU General
Public Licenses
For software
For content such as text,
images, audio, video, data
(sometimes)

28. Special case: Data
https://chooser-beta.creativecommons.org/
If no ©, skip
Facts are in the
public domain

29. https://choosealicense.com

30. Licensing
considerations:
● Grant agreements
● Platform policies
Photo by William Felipe Seccon on Unsplash

31. Grant funding requirements
https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/po
licies-and-resources/open-access-policy

32. Repositories have policies
https://datadryad.org/stash/best_practices

33. Digital Scholarship Literacies
Contracts
Privacy
Copyright
Ethics & Policy

34. Copyright & Fair Use for Digital Projects
THANK YOU
For more help:
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E-mail: schol-comm@berkeley.edu
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